英語新外研必修二講義MODULE5SECTIONⅡINTRODUCTIONREADING-LANGUAGEPOINTS

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對(duì)記得快·記得多Ⅰ.根底詞匯1.headlinen．(新聞報(bào)道等的)標(biāo)題2.celebrityn.名人3.welevt.歡送Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.photographn．照片→photographern．?dāng)z影師2.economyn．經(jīng)濟(jì)→economicadj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的3.politicsn．政治→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann．政治家4.universen．宇宙→universaladj.宇宙的；普遍的5.sailorn．船員；水手→sailv．航行6.congratulationn．慶賀→congratulatevt.慶賀；慶賀7.historicaladj.歷史性的→historicadj.有歷史意義的→historyn．歷史8.achievementn．成就；功業(yè)；偉績(jī)→achievevt.取得(成就)；到達(dá)n．標(biāo)題[聯(lián)想]英語報(bào)刊常見欄目名稱一覽①Backgrounding新聞背景②AroundtheCountry國(guó)內(nèi)新聞版③AroundtheWorld國(guó)際新聞版④Brief簡(jiǎn)訊⑤BookReview書評(píng)⑥ClassifiedAds分類廣告⑦Column專欄n．飛行；班機(jī)[詞塊]①inflight在飛行中②book/cancelaflight預(yù)定/取消航班③catch/missaflight趕上/錯(cuò)過航班④have/take/makeaflight飛行adv.在船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上[聯(lián)想]①abroadadv.在國(guó)外②boardv．&n.登(飛機(jī)、車、船等)；木板③broadadj.寬敞的二、這樣記短語記堅(jiān)固定短語多積常用詞塊1.divide_...into_...把……劃分為……2．work_on從事；連續(xù)3．a(chǎn)dd_..._to_...把……加到……4．take_off起飛5．in_total總共；合計(jì)6．congratulate_sb._on_sth.就……向某人慶賀7．in_the_history_of在……的歷史上8．in_space在太空overtheworld全世界2．celebritynews名人新聞，明星八卦3．a(chǎn)greatmoment一個(gè)宏大的時(shí)刻4．takephotographsof拍照5．thousandsandthousandsof成千上萬的6．offerone'scongratulations慶賀某人7．sendmessages發(fā)送信息8．historicalachievement歷史成就；歷史奉獻(xiàn)三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用RussianwordkosmonavtesfromtheGreekwordskosmos,meaninguniverseandnautes.俄語單詞kosmonavt來源于希臘詞kosmos和nautes，希臘詞kosmos表示宇宙?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。Theyoungmansitting_thereisournewEnglishteacher.坐在那里的那個(gè)年輕人是我們的新英語老師。YangtookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChinaat9amyesterday,Chinabecamethethirdnationtosendamanintospace.昨天上午9點(diǎn)，楊利偉在中國(guó)西北部的酒泉起飛，中國(guó)成為(世界上)第三個(gè)把人送入太空的國(guó)家。不定式短語作后置定語。Youarethe_first_person_to_do_the_worksowell.你是第一個(gè)將這項(xiàng)工作做得這么好的人。3....NASAwishesChinacontinuingsuccesswithitsspaceflightprogramme.……國(guó)家航空航天局祝愿中國(guó)在其他太空飛行工程中連續(xù)取得勝利。wishsb.“祝愿某人……〞。Shewished_her_mother_a_good_nightandwenttoherbedroom.她向媽媽道了聲晚安就進(jìn)臥房去了。1．(教材P41)peoplewhoworkonnewspapersandmagazines.從事于報(bào)紙業(yè)和雜志業(yè)的人workon從事于；致力于(1)workat學(xué)習(xí)，討論；在……上下功夫workout算出；理解；制定出；解決(2)inwork就業(yè)atwork在工作outofwork失業(yè)；出毛?、貶e'sworkingonanewprojectwhichhastobefinishedbytheendoftheyear.他正在從事一個(gè)新的工程，工程必需要在本年末完成。②It'shardtowork_outsomanyquestionsintenminutes.非常鐘內(nèi)算出這么多題有點(diǎn)難。③Thelongerpeoplestayout_of_work,_themoretroubletheyhavefindingnewwork.人們失業(yè)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，找新工作的過程中遇到的麻煩就更多。2．(教材P43)WhenYanglanded,PremierWenJiabaotelephonedtheControlCentretoofferhiscongratulations.楊利偉著陸后，溫家寶致電指揮掌握中心，并表示慶賀。congratulationn.慶賀；賀詞(常用復(fù)數(shù))(1)congratulationstosth.為某事向某人表示慶賀send/offerone'scongratulationstosb.向某人表示慶賀(2)congratulatevt.慶賀congratulatesb.onsth./doingsth.為某事向某人表示慶賀①CongratulationstoyouonyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.＝Wesend/offer_our_congratulations_to_you_onyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.＝Wecongratulate_you_onyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.我們慶賀你們通過了高考。[辨析比擬]congratulate,celebratecongratulate慶祝，慶賀。指對(duì)某人取得的成就或喜慶之事表示慶賀，其賓語是人，表示就某事慶賀某人時(shí)，常與介詞on搭配celebrate慶祝，慶賀。通常指進(jìn)行盛大隆重的儀式慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情，多示意節(jié)日般的歡快場(chǎng)面，賓語為大事選用上述單詞填空②Theycelebratedtheir25thweddinganniversaryyesterday,andmanyrelativesandfriendscongratulatedtothemontheirsilverwedding.他們昨天慶祝了25周年結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日，很多親戚伴侶都對(duì)他們的銀婚表示慶賀。[名師點(diǎn)津]在英家，人們通常對(duì)新郎說“Congratulations！〞(恭喜)，對(duì)新娘那么說“Bestwishes！〞(祝愿你)。由于congratulations是對(duì)拼搏努力而最終勝利的人說的，對(duì)新郎說表示他最終贏得佳人芳心，恰如其分。3．(教材P43)WhenYangtookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChinaat9amyesterday,Chinabecamethethirdnationtosendamanintospace.昨天上午9點(diǎn)，楊利偉在中國(guó)西北部的酒泉起飛，中國(guó)成為(世界上)第三個(gè)把人送入太空的國(guó)家。takeoff(1)(飛機(jī))起飛①Threeplaneswerestandingontherunway,waitingtotakeoff.三架飛機(jī)靜立在跑道上，等待起飛。(2)脫下；取下；摘下②Timtookoffhisclothesandjumpedintothewater.蒂姆脫掉衣服，跳進(jìn)了水中。(3)突然大受歡送；快速流行③Thenewmagazinehasreallytaken_off.這份新雜志真是大受歡送。(4)休息；休假④I'vedecidedtotakeafewdaysoffnextweek.我已打算下星期休息幾天。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]take構(gòu)成的其他短語：①takeback收回②takein收留；包括；領(lǐng)悟；哄騙③takeiteasy別緊急，放松④takeup開頭從事；占據(jù)⑤takeover接管，接手⑥takenoticeof留意，留意⑦takeone'splace就位，就座⑧takeone'stime不焦急，漸漸來4．(教材P43)Intotal,theseastronautshavespentmorethan26,000daysinspace.這些宇航員總共在太空中度過了26000多天。intotal總共；合計(jì)(1)totaln.總數(shù)；總量；總額adj.總的；全部的v.總數(shù)到達(dá)；合計(jì)atotalof總數(shù)為totalupto總共是，總數(shù)到達(dá)totalsth.up把……加起來(2)totallyadv.完全；全部地①Therearemorethan5,000studentsintotalinourschool.我們學(xué)校共有五千多名同學(xué)。②Theirexpensesreacheda_total_of1,000pounds.他們的花費(fèi)共計(jì)1000英鎊。③Itotally(total)agreewithwhatyouhavesaid.我完全同意你所說的。④Thevisitorstotheexhibitiontotaled_up_to15,000.展覽會(huì)的參觀者到達(dá)15000人。5．(教材P43)Whilehewastravellinginspace,YangspoketotwoastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation...在太空飛行期間，楊利偉與國(guó)際空間站上的兩位宇航員通話……aboardadv.&prep.在船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上；上船(飛機(jī)、火車)(1)goaboard(theplane/train)登機(jī)/上船/上車Allaboard!(口語)請(qǐng)大家上船/車/飛機(jī)！Weleaboard！歡送登機(jī)/上船/上車！(2)boardn.板v.登機(jī)；上船onboard在船上；在飛機(jī)上①Assoonasthetrainarrived,allthewaitingpeoplewentaboard.火車一到，全部等待的人都上車了。②Theplaneistakingoff.All_aboard,_please.飛機(jī)就要起飛了，請(qǐng)大家上飛機(jī)。③Allthepeopleaboard/on_boardwerekilledintheaccident.船上/飛機(jī)上全部的人在這次事故中都喪生了。[名師點(diǎn)津]abroad與aboard兩者簡(jiǎn)潔混淆，abroad是副詞，意為“在國(guó)外；到國(guó)外〞。6．(教材P43)“Weletospace，〞hesaid.“歡送來到太空，〞他說。welevt.&n．歡送adj.受歡送的welesb.tosp.歡送某人來某個(gè)地方welesb.withsth.以……歡送某人beweletodosth.歡送某人做某事Youarewele.別客氣，不用謝。①Thewinnersweregivenawarmwelewhentheyarrivedhome.獲勝者到家時(shí)受到了熱鬧的歡送。②It'sapleasuretowele_you_tomyhome.很歡快歡送你光臨舍下。③Youare_wele_to_stay_herewheneveryoulike.歡送你隨時(shí)到這里來住。[名師點(diǎn)津]“歡送某人做某事〞可以說sb.beweletodosth.，但一般不說welesb.todosth.?！皻g送某人到某地〞可以說sb.beweletosp.，也可以說welesb.tosp.。7．(教材P43)．..saidthatYang'sspaceflightwas“animportanthistoricalachievementandNASAwishesChinacontinuingsuccesswithitsspaceflightprogramme〞．……說，楊利偉的太空飛行是“一個(gè)意義重大的歷史性的成就，國(guó)家航空航天管理局祝愿中國(guó)在其他太空飛行工程中連續(xù)取得勝利〞。historicaladj.歷史性的；有關(guān)歷史的①Doyouknowthehistoricalbackgroundtothewar?你知道這次戰(zhàn)斗的歷史背景嗎？②QuYuanisahistoricalplaywrittenbyGuoMoruo.?屈原?是郭沫假設(shè)寫的一部歷史劇。[辨析比擬]historical,historichistorical指“歷史題材的〞、“與歷史相關(guān)的〞，側(cè)重涉及歷史的大事或事物historic指“歷史上聞名的〞、“具有歷史意義的〞，側(cè)重歷史意義選用上述單詞填空③Manyofthescenesofthehistoricalfilmwereshotinthehistoriccity.該歷史題材的影片中的很多場(chǎng)景都是在那座具有歷史意義的城市拍攝的。achievementn．成就；功業(yè)；偉績(jī)(1)makeanachievement/achievementsin在……方面取得成就asenseofachievement成就感(2)achievevt.完成；到達(dá)；實(shí)現(xiàn)；獲得achieveone'sdream/goal實(shí)現(xiàn)幻想/目標(biāo)①Evenasmallsuccessgivesyouasenseofachievement.即便是小小的勝利也會(huì)給人一種成就感。②Hehasmade_great_achievements_inthemedicalfield.他在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得了很大的成就。③Finallyheachieved_his_dreamofbeingateacher.最終他實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)老師的幻想。1．WhenYangtookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChinaat9amyesterday,Chinabecamethethirdnationtosendamanintospace.昨天上午9點(diǎn)，楊利偉在中國(guó)西北部的酒泉起飛，中國(guó)成為(世界上)第三個(gè)把人送入太空的國(guó)家。(1)tosendamanintospace為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾thethirdnation。當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。①ColumbuswasthefirstpersontodiscoverAmerica.哥倫布是第一個(gè)發(fā)覺美洲的人。②Heisthethirdoneto_get(get)tothetopofthemountain.他是第三個(gè)到達(dá)山頂?shù)娜?。③Shewasthecleverestpersontofinishthejob.她是完成這項(xiàng)工作的最聰慧的人。(2)當(dāng)被修飾的詞為something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。④Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有什么要說的嗎？⑤Thereisnothingto_worry_about.沒有什么可擔(dān)憂的。2．...NASAwishesChinacontinuingsuccesswithitsspaceflightprogramme.……國(guó)家航空航天局祝愿中國(guó)在其他太空飛行工程中連續(xù)取得勝利。(1)此處使用了“wishsb.＋名詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“祝愿某人……〞。①WewishyouamerryChristmasandahappynewyear!我們祝你圣誕歡快，新年歡快?、贗wish_you_a_happy_journey.祝你一路順風(fēng)。(2)wishsb.＋形容詞“祝愿某人……〞。③Iwishyouhappy!我祝你們幸福！(3)表達(dá)祝愿的結(jié)構(gòu)還有·hope＋(that)...④Ihopeeverythinggoeswellwithyourwork.祝你工作如意，事事順心?！aysb./sth.＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他⑤Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever.祝兩國(guó)人民的友情萬古長(zhǎng)青。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Weofferedhimourcongratulations(congratulate)onhissuccessinbusiness.2．Afterthecelebration,hebecamefamousandhisdancingcareertookoff.3．Theplanecrashedkillingall200peopleaboard(board)．4．You'reweleto_visit(visit)ourschoolagainnextyear.5．Theprofessorlikeswatchinghistorical(history)TVplays.6．Theyhavemadeagreatachievement(achieve)inkeepingthepeaceintheworld.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Mr.Greenisworking_on(從事于)anewnovelthesedays.2．In_total(總共)over100peopleattendedthemeetingheldinourschoolhall.3．Iwish_you_more_success(祝你更多勝利)inthefuture!4．IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethe_first_person_to_know_it(第一個(gè)知道消息的人)．5．Iwanttocongratulate_you_on_winning_the_prize(慶賀你贏得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng))．一、全練語言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theflight(班機(jī))toBeijinghasbeendelayedbecauseofthethickfog.2．Hisfatherworkedasasailor(水手)inashipfor20years.3．Manypeopleareinterestedintheprivatelivesofthecelebrities(名人)．4．Acountrycannotdevelopitseconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))withoutscienceandtechnology.5．ThescientistsinChinahavemadegreatachievements(成就)inexploringthespace.6．Wesenthimourcongratulations(慶賀)onhispassingthedrivingtest.7．Aplanewithfivepeopleaboard(在飛機(jī)上)crashedintothemountainseveraldaysago.8．Theyhadthefeelingthattheywerenotwele(受歡送)atthemeeting.9．Youmustplacetheseeventsintheirhistorical(歷史的)context.10．Atthattimepeoplebelievedtheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse(宇宙)．Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Pleasegivehimmycongratulationwhenyouseehim.congratulation→congratulations2．Hehasbeenlivinghereforthetotalof30years.the→a3．stoodatthedoor,welednewerswithalargesmile.weled→weling4．Pleasegoboardtheshipquickly.There'sonly10minutesleft.board→aboard5．Thecosmonautsphotographedtheriseofthesuninthespace.去掉space之前的the6．ThehistoricresearchonancientChinesebuildingshasbeencarriedout.historic→historical7．Whowasthelastoneleavetheclassroomlastnight?leave前加to8．Themoneyhespentwithinamonthaddedupmorethan1,000dollars.up后加toⅢ.完成句子1．Hebecamethefirststudentinthevillageto_go_to_college.他成為了村子里第一個(gè)上高校的同學(xué)。2．You'llachieve_your_dreamifyoustudyhard.假如你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的幻想是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。3．Shehasspentthelasttwoyearsworking_on_a_bookaboutchildcare.過去兩年她始終致力于撰寫一本關(guān)于兒童保育的書。4．Iwish_you_luck!祝您好運(yùn)。5．Ididn'trecognisedhimuntilhetook_off_his_glasses.直到他摘下眼鏡我才認(rèn)出他。Ⅳ.課文語法填空Atnineamyesterday,China'sfirsttaikonautYangLiweitookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChina,1.whichmadeChinathethirdnation2.to_send(send)amanintospace.Wling(travel)inspaceYangspoketotwoastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.Whenhe4.was_orbiting(orbit)thecapsule,Yangtookphotographsofplanetearth.Thismorninghelanded5.safely(safe)intheShenzhouⅤcapsuleinInnerMongolia.6.Intotal,Yangwasinspacefortwenty-oneandahalfhoursandmade14orbitsoftheearth.TheBeijingSpaceControlCentersaidtheflightwas7.a“pletesuccess〞.Soonafter8.that,_PremierWenJiabaotelephonedthecontrolcenter9.to_offer/offering(offer)his10.congratulations(congratulate).ManycountriessentⅤ.串點(diǎn)成篇微表達(dá)她是她的國(guó)家的第一個(gè)(thefirstto...)女飛行員(cosmonaut)，也是世界歷史上(inthehistoryof)最宏大的宇航員之一，她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了太空中(inspace)的生活。她每天都要拍攝(takephotographsof)各種天體(celestialbody)的照片，現(xiàn)在總計(jì)(intotal)有3000000多張了，她盼望增加(add...to...)更多張。她已經(jīng)取得了很大的成就(achievement)，她的家人及伴侶都對(duì)她的勝利表示慶賀(congratulation)。已經(jīng)致力于(workon)飛行事業(yè)二十多年了，今年她想休假(takeoff)一個(gè)月好好休息一下。She,_who_is_the_first_woman_in_her_country_to_work_as_a_cosmonaut,_is_one_of_the_greatest_taikonauts_in_the_history_of_the_world._She_has_got_used_to_the_life_in_space._Every_day_she_takes_photographs_of_all_kinds_of_celestial_bodies._In_total,_she_has_more_than_three_million_pictures._However,_she_hopes_to_add_more_pictures_to_her_collection._She_has_made_great_achievements_and_her_families_and_friends_offered_their_congratulations_to_her_on_her_success._Having_been_working_on_flying_for_more_than_twenty_years,_she_wants_to_take_a_month_off_to_have_a_good_rest_this_year.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“__1__myjob.FamilytoFeed.〞Atthisstore,a__2__likethisisnotnormal.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmadea__3__onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand__4__inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto__5__somethingtheythoughtour“friend〞therewould__6__.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima__7__.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere__8__oncashourselves,but...well,sometimes__9__fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis__10__whatweneedtodo!Allthekids__11__somethingtheycoulddoawaywithfortheweek.Whenwehandedhimthebagof__12__，helitupandthankeduswith__13__eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__14__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.Thishasbeenawonderful__15__forourfamily.Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecan__16__！Thingswouldhaveplayedoutso__17__ifIhadsimplysaid,“No,wereallydon'thave__18__togivemore.〞Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherin__19__，italsogavemykidsthe__20__tasteofhelpingothers.It'llgoalongwaywiththem.語篇解讀：文章敘述了周末作者帶孩子們?nèi)コ?，在路上看到一個(gè)需要關(guān)心的人，作者和孩子不僅買了很多東西給這個(gè)需要關(guān)心的人而且還給了他購(gòu)物卡的故事。1． B．ChangedC．Lost D．Finished解析：選C在路上，我們留意到一個(gè)男人舉著一張紙，紙上寫著：“失業(yè)，需要養(yǎng)家。〞短語loseone'sjob意為“失業(yè)〞。2． B．placeC．sight D．show解析：選C在這家商店，像這樣的場(chǎng)景(sight)并不常見。3． B．mentC．decision D．call解析：選B我10歲的孩子留意到他，并評(píng)論說在寒風(fēng)中站在外面肯定很難過。makeamenton“對(duì)……作出評(píng)論〞。4． B．proudlyC．outside D．a(chǎn)ngrily解析：選C依據(jù)常識(shí)可知是站在外面凜冽的寒風(fēng)中。outside“在外面〞。5． B．sayC．a(chǎn)rrange D．pick解析：選D在商店里，我要求每一個(gè)孩子選擇(pick)一些他們認(rèn)為我們那位“伴侶〞可能會(huì)寵愛的東西。6． B．supplyC．order D．discover解析：選A由上題分析可知，那位“伴侶〞可能“寵愛〞的東西。appreciate“寵愛，觀賞〞。7． B．jobC．hotmeal D．giftcard解析：選D從下文第四段其次句“WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard...〞可知答案。8． B．lowC．soft D．loose解析：選B針對(duì)孩子的建議我考慮了一下，我們自己現(xiàn)金也不多。belowonsth.“缺少……〞。9． B．savingC．spending D．begging解析：選A有時(shí)把自己需要的東西而不是自己充裕的東西賜予(giving)別人正是(just)我們真正需要做的。give“賜予〞。10． B．evenC．still D．just解析：選D參見上題解析。just“恰恰，正是〞。11． B．sharedC．ignored D．expected解析：選A全部的孩子都宣布本周他們不需要的東