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第=page11頁(yè),共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2023年貴州省凱里重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)AQatarWorldCupStadiums
Forthe2022WorldCup,Qatarhasgoneallouttobuildandrebuildeightbreathtakingstadiums.AllofthemarelocatedinitscapitalDohaandtheneighbouringcities,andwillhost32teamsin64matches.Theaveragecapacity(容量)ofthestadiumsisashighasover53,000.
Qatariofficialsmadeabudgetthattheymayneedtopayupto$10billiontocompletethestadiumsforthisWorldCup,buttheyhavemanagedtogetitdoneforless.ThecostforalleightWorldCupstadiumsstandsataround$6.5billion.
Allthestadiumsarepoweredbysolar-panelfarms,and,givenQatar'shotclimate,theircoolingsystemshavebeenparticularlydesigned.Infact,Qatar'sdevotiontosoundenvironmentalpracticeshasearnedallthestadiumsfourorfivestarsfromtheGlobalSustainabilityAssessmentSystem.It'salsoveryimpressive.
Herearefourstadiumsoftheeightmodernmarvels.
AlBaytStadium
Location:AlKhor.Cost:$847million.Capacity:60,000.$
Matchesplanned:Openingmatchandallmatchesthroughtothesemi-finals.
KhalifaInternationalStadium
Location:Aspire.Cost:374million.Capacity:40,000.
Matchesplanned:Groupmatches,roundof16,andplayoffforthirdplacegame.
LusailStadium
Location:Lusail.Cost:$767million.Capacity:80,000.$
Matchesplanned:Untilthefinalmatch.
Stadium974
Location:RasAbuAboud.Cost:Unknown.Capacity:40,000.
Matchesplanned:Groupmatchesandroundof16.1.HowmuchdoalleightQatarWorldCupstadiumscosttocomplete?______A.767million. B.$10billion.
C.$847million. D.about$6.5billion.$2.Inwhichcityisthefinalmatchof2022WorldCupheld?______A.AlKhor. B.Aspire. C.Lusail. D.RasAbuAboud.3.Whatdoallthelistedstadiumshaveincommon?______A.Theyholdthesamenumberofaudience.
B.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.
C.Theyareofthesamesizeanddesign.
D.TheyarefarawayfromthecapitalDoha.BYouwakeupinthemorningandrealizeyouforgottoputtheleftovermeatinthefridgebeforeyouwenttobedlastnight.Themeatisn'trawanditlooksfine,smellsfineandtastesfine,soeatingitshouldbefine,right?Unfortunately,itdoesn'tquiteworkthatway.
TheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)notesthattherearetwotypesofbacteriainmeatandmeatproducts:pathogenicbacteriaandspoilagebacteria.Spoilagebacteriacausethefoodtostartsmellingandtastingstrange,butconsumingitwon'tharmyou.Pathogenicbacteria,ontheotherhand,areharmfulbacteriathatdon'taffectthetasteorsmellofthefoodinanywaybutcancauseyoutofallsick.
TheUSDAexplainsthatpathogenicbacteriathrivebetween4℃and40℃.Roomtemperatureusuallyfallsinthistemperaturerange,knownasthedangerzone.Inthistemperaturerange,pathogenicbacteriacansometimesdoubleinnumberwithinaspanof20minutes.Ifbacteriacandoubleinjust20minutes,imaginethenumbersifthemeathasbeenleftout.TheUSDAstatesthatanyfoodthathasbeenleftoutatroomtemperatureforovertwohoursshouldbediscarded.
Sincepathogenicbacteriadon'taffectthetaste,smellorsightofinanyway,youhavenowayofknowingwhetherthey'rethere.Youmayfeelbadaboutthrowingawaymeatthatperfectlyfine,butit'sbettertobesafethansorry.4.Whatpurposedoesthefirstparagraphserve?______A.Tobringupthetopicofthetext.
B.Todescribeacommonscene.
C.Tointroduceascientificquestion.
D.Toaskforsomeprofessionaladvice.5.Whichfoodmightcontainthemostpathogenicbacteria?______A.Porkjustcookedwithatemperatureof300℃.
B.Steakkeptinanaveragetemperatureofaround2℃.
C.Chickentakenfromthefridgewithatemperaturearound-8℃.
D.Beefleftonthetableovernightwithatemperatureabove10℃.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thrive"inparagraph3mean?______A.Change. B.Reduce. C.Increase. D.Form.7.Whatmaythewriterexpectpeopletodowiththemeatwithpathogenicbacteria?______A.Tofeelsorryforthrowingitaway.
B.Togetridofitwithouthesitation.
C.Toeatitaftercookingitagain.
D.Tosmellitanddecidewhattodonext.CThefirstheartthatTalGoldsworthy,aBritishengineer,repairedwashisown.Andhiseffortsdonotonlysavehislifebutalsobringhopetothosewhoarefacedwiththesamesituation.
GolesworthywasbornwithaconditioncalledMarfan'ssyndrome,ageneticdisorderthatcausesproblemswitheyes,skeleton,andinTal'scase,hisheart.In1993,whenhewastoldheneededlife-savingheartsurgery,hesaidno."Theoperationreallydidn'tlookattractive,"saysGolesworthy.Whatheparticularlydidn'tlikewashavingtobeonbloodthinnersaftertheoperation,somethingthatwouldpreventbloodvessel(血管)blocksbutpresentsomeotherrisks;"Iwasridingmotorbikesthen,andskiing,somywholelifestylewouldhavebeenaffected."
By2000,however,hisconditionhadworsened.Realizingsomethinghadtobedone,Golesworthyputhisyearsofexperienceasresearch-and-developmentengineertogooduse.Hedecidedhewouldfixhimself."Learningnewstuffanddevelopingnewideas,thatwasmyjob,"Golesworthysays.
SoGolesworthydevotedhimselftosearchingforawaythatcouldsolvehisproblem.Followinghisnovelway,Golesworthysubjectedhimselfto30hoursinanMRIscanner,used3Dprintingtocreateaphysicalcopyofthefaultypartofhisheartandthenusedsofttextilemesh(網(wǎng)狀物)tomakeasleevetofitaroundit.
Eventually,hisdeterminationcoupledwiththeoriginalyetpracticalsolutionwonhimthesupportoftwoleadingsurgeonsandhelpedhimraisethemoneytodevelophisidea.InMay2004,attheageof47,hebecamethesubjectforhisowninvention,theExoVascPersonalisedExternalAorticRootSupport(PEARS).Theoperationwasasuccess.IthassincebeenusedbysurgeonsintheUnitedKingdom,Ireland,Belgium,CzechRepublic,NewZealand,Australia,andtheNetherlands.
"Whenyou'reasmotivatedasIwas,"Golesworthysays,"youmakethingshappen."8.WhydidTalrefusetheheartoperationin1993?______A.Itwouldtakeuptoomuchtime.
B.Itwouldmakehimquithisjob.
C.Itwouldpreventhimenjoyinghishobbies.
D.Itwouldcosttoomuchmoney.9.WhatencouragedTaltothinkaboutfixinghimselfinitially?______A.Hisworkingexperienceasanengineer.
B.Hisknowledgeofmedicine.
C.Hiskeendesiretolearnnewthings.
D.Hissurgeonfriends.10.WhatkindofpersonisTal?______A.Pessimisticandactive. B.Braveandstubborn.
C.Aggressiveandhumorous. D.Professionalanddetermined.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?______A.Amansavinghimselfthroughhisownefforts.
B.ThestoryhowPEARSwasspreadtotheworld.
C.Theimportanceoftakingcareofhearthealth.
D.Waysforpeopletofixheartproblemsontheirown.DKidswhothinktheycangetsmarteriftheyworkhardaremorelikelytobouncebackfromtheirmistakesthanthosewhothinktheirlevelofintelligenceissetinstone,anewstudyfinds.
"Thismaybebecausekidswithaso-calledgrowthmind-set,whobelieveintelligenceischangeable,aremorelikelytofocusontheirmistakesthanthosewithafixedmind-set,whobelieveintelligenceisnotchangeable,"thestudyresearcherHansSchroderatMichiganStateUniversity,saidinastatement.
Inthestudy,theresearchersfirstasked123childrenquestionstoassesswhethertheyhadagrowthmind-setorafixedmind-set.Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Finally,theresearchersanalyzedthebrainresponsesthatoccurredwithinhalfsecondofthechildrenmakingamistakeonthetask.Ingeneral,abiggerbrainresponsemeansthatapersonispayingmoreattentiontoherorhismistakes,theresearcherssaid.
Thestudyfoundthatchildrenwithagrowthmind-setweremorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake,comparedwithchildrenwhohadafixedmind-set.Thissuggestedthatchildrenwithagrowthmind-setwerepayingmoreattentiontotheirmistakes,theresearcherssaid.What'smore,childrenwithsuchamind-setweremorelikelytoimprovetheiraccuracyonthetaskaftertheymadeamistake,comparedwithchildrenwhohadafixedmind-set,thestudyshowed.
Thestudyalsofoundthatchildrenwithafixedmind-setcouldstillimprovetheiraccuracyonthetask,butonlyiftheypaidcloseattentiontotheirmistakes.
Thefindingsmayhavesomepracticalimplicationsforparentsandteachers.
"Itisseeminglynaturalreactiontocomfortchildrenwhentheymakemistakes,butsomewaysofdoingthismaydistractchildrenfromlearningfromtheirmistakes,"theresearcherssaid.Insteadofshyingawayfromchildren'smistakes,parentsandteacherscouldofferthisadvice,"Mistakeshappen,solet'strytopayattentiontowhatwentwrongandfigureitout."Schrodersaid.12.Whatmaythekidswithgrowthmind-setthinkoftheirintelligence?______A.Itisunpredictable. B.Itisnotsetinstone.
C.Itisfixed. D.Itisaccurateinmind.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutthestudy?______A.Itsresults. B.Itsprocess.
C.Itsparticipants. D.Itscomparison.14.Whatcanwesayaboutthekidswithafixedmind-set?______A.Theybelievetheycangetsmarterifworkinghard.
B.Theycanneverimprovetheiraccuracyaftermakingamistake.
C.Theyhaveabiggerbrainresponseaccordingtotheirbrainactivity.
D.Theycanalsobeaccurateintasksifchangingtheirattitudetomistakes.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?______A.UnavoidableMistakes B.WaystoCorrectMistakes
C.ConcentratingonMistakes D.Benefitsofgrowthmind-set二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)9Mostpeoplesuffersomedegreeofanxietywhenpreparingforatest.(1)______.Whateveryourlevelofanxiety,learningtoreduceitisveryimportanttostudyeffectivelyforatest.Fortunately,thereareseveralstepsyoucantaketoreduceanxiety,whichwillbenefityourgradesandyouroverallmentalhealth.
Studyeffectively
Themosteffectivewaytostudyisattendingclassregularly,takinggoodnotes,doingyourhomework,andaboveallbeinganactivestudent.(2)______.Consequently,you'relesslikelytohaveexamanxiety.
(3)______
Waitinguntilthenightbeforeatesttostartstudyingislikelytoincreaseyouranxiety.Youwillnothavetimetoaskquestionsorfindlostinformation.Youlikelyfeelstressed,andareinabadsituation.Insteadofwaitinguntilthelastminute,startstudyingassoonasatestisscheduled.
Stayactive
Physicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreduceanxiety(4)______.Theywillalsodistractyourmindfromthetestandstudying,soyourbrainwillhaveachancetorelaxandrefreshitself.Anyformofphysicalactivitieswillhaveabeneficialeffectonyouranxiety.
Getplentyofsleep
Sleepdeprivationisanothercauseofanxiety.Staycommittedtogettingafull8hoursofsleepormoreeverynight.(5)______.
A.Completestudytasks
B.Scheduleyourstudytime
C.Ifyoutakeexerciseregularly,youwillbelessstressed
D.Physicalactivitiesreleaseendorphinsthatwillmakeyouhappy
E.Thiscanrangefromamildnervousfeelingtoafullpanicattack
F.Ifyouhavedonethis,itmeansyouarewellpreparedforatest.
G.Thiswillensureyourbrainhasbeenproperlyrestedandyoucanstartstudyingwithafreshmind16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共20小題,共30.0分)ManythankstoBlancheCaffiere,myelementaryschoolteacher.ShedeservesbigcreditforhelpingmebecomethemanIamtoday.
WhenIfirstmetMrs.Caffiere,Iwasaprettyshyfourthgrader.Ifelt(1)______bymyterriblehandwritingandmessydesk.Iwas(2)______tryingtogounnoticedbyothersandhidethefactthatIlikedto(3)______—somethingthatmostboysdislikedatthattime.ButMrs.Caffierehelpedmakeitokayformetobemyself—a(4)______andnerdy(書呆子氣)boyandshetaughtmethatmyloveofreadingwasastrength.
Shepulledmeoutofmyshellbysharingher(5)______fordifferentbooks.WhenIwasatsixthgrade,oneday,shenoticedthatIwasreadingaTomSwiftJr.bookand(6)______thatIcouldhandlemore(7)______literature.She(8)______mewithmorechallengingtextsandtookthetimetodiscussthemwithme,"Didyoulikeit?"Shewouldask."Why?Whatdidyoulearn?"She(9)______listenedtowhatIhadtosay.(10)______thoseconversationswebecamegoodfriends.Meanwhile,she(11)______metobiographiesoffamouspeoplethroughouthistory.
Aswewereinprimaryschool,teachersgenerallydidn'twantto(12)______theiryoungstudentswithextrareadingassignments.However,IlearnedfromMrs.Caffierethatmyteacherswerehappytosharetheir(13)______,andIjustneededtoaskwhatIwonderedabouttheworld.Iwouldoften(14)______myteachersaboutthebookstheyliked,readthosebooks,andoffermy(15)______.Gradually,Ibecomealife-longlearnerwhothinksreadingisabsolutely(16)______tosuccess,andIreadalot—almostonebookperweek,fiftybooksayear.
WhenIlookbackonitnow,thereisno(17)______thatmytimewithMrs.Caffierehelped(18)______myinterestinbooks.Notonlydidshehavea(19)______impactonme,butsheplayedaremarkableroleinshapingthelifeofachild.
Mrs.Cafiere,youshouldgetthe(20)______foryourempathyandguidancetomakemewhatIamtoday.21.
A.thrilled B.astonished C.embarrassed D.confused22.
A.patiently B.strictly C.angrily D.desperately23.
A.play B.read C.lead D.joke24.
A.messy B.clumsy C.diligent D.lazy25.
A.reaction B.pride C.honour D.passion26.
A.recognized B.classified C.matched D.interpreted27.
A.interesting B.pleasant C.normal D.complex28.
A.presented B.concerned C.disturbed D.replaced29.
A.unwillingly B.roughly C.honestly D.genuinely30.
A.Within B.Through C.Upon D.Under31.
A.adjusted B.compared C.introduced D.referred32.
A.burden B.satisfy C.threaten D.help33.
A.skills B.knowledge C.problems D.stories34.
A.miss B.comfort C.consult D.persuade35.
A.thoughts B.praise C.secrets D.criticism36.
A.mistaken B.essential C.indifferent D.casual37.
A.reason B.possibility C.need D.doubt38.
A.defend B.accept C.fuel D.end39.
A.highly-developed B.far-reaching
C.slightly-ignored D.fast-paced40.
A.encouragement B.gift C.credit D.possessions四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)41.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
LuoYingjiu,82,hasrunasmallzooinEnshi,Hubeiprovinceonhisownfor33yearsdespite(1)______(vary)difficulties.Attheone-manFenghuangMountainZoo,Luoserves(2)______director,cleaner,breeder,vetandconductor.Mostoftheresidentsofthezooareoldandweak,manyof(3)______weresavedbyLuo.
(4)______(live)inthezoohimself,Luogetsupatabout5am,checkstheconditionoftheanimals,cleanstheirenclosuresandgoestothemarkettobuyfeedforthem.Atnight,heobservestheanimalsandrefillstheirfoodandwater,andevengetsuparound2am(5)______(care)fortheolderones.
Overthepast33years,Luo(6)______(devote)himselftothezooandpersisted.Heliveseconomically,eats(7)______(simple)andneverdinesoutatrestaurants.Sometimes,hepicksupemptybottlestoselltosupportthezoo.(8)______hisretirementsalaryisabout5,000yuanpermonth,whichisenoughtoliveagoodlifeinsuchasmallplace,hehasfallenintodebttocoverthezoo'sexpenses.
LastJanuary,LuoWei,theoldman'sgranddaughter,(9)______(begin)topostshortvideosofhimlookingaftertheseanimalsonline,hopingtoraiseawarenessofthezooandgivepeoplea(10)______(good)understandingofhergrandfather'swork.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)42.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文,文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處,每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪改或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(?),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:(1)每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
(2)只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
SwimminghasbeenmyfavouritesportssinceIwasyoung.Atthattime,Iwasoftentooktoapooltopracticeswimmingbymymother.WheneverIsawmymothertodiveintotheswimmingpool,Icouldn'thelpfollowherbravely.Gradually,Ibecameinterestedinswimming.ThereasonthatIlikeswimmingisthatIfeelitfuntoswim.Besides,Iconsiderthemagoodwaytoreducemystress.IfeelextremerelaxedwhenIswiminthewater.What'smore,Ibecamestrongerandstrongerbecauseofthefrequentswimming.Inword,swimmingisgoodforus.So,let'sswimtogetherandstayhealth.六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題,共25.0分)43.假定你是李華,為了激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣,你校即將舉辦英語(yǔ)話劇比賽。請(qǐng)給外教MissGrant寫封郵件,請(qǐng)她擔(dān)任比賽評(píng)委。郵件內(nèi)容包括:
(1)寫信事由;
(2)比賽安排;
(3)表示感謝。
注意:
(1)詞數(shù)120左右;
(2)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中ThecostforalleightWorldCupstadiumsstandsataround$6.5billion.(全部八個(gè)世界杯體育場(chǎng)的建設(shè)成本約為65億美元。)可知,全部八個(gè)世界杯體育場(chǎng)的建設(shè)成本約為65億美元,故選D。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LusailStadium部分中的Matchesplanned:Untilthefinalmatch.(比賽計(jì)劃:直到?jīng)Q賽。)"和"Location:Lusail.(地點(diǎn):Lusail。)可知,2022年世界杯決賽在Lusail這個(gè)城市舉行,故選C。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Allthestadiumsarepoweredbysolar-panelfarms,and,givenQatar'shotclimate,theircoolingsystemshavebeenparticularlydesigned.Infact,Qatar'sdevotiontosoundenvironmentalpracticeshasearnedallthestadiumsfourorfivestarsfromtheGlobalSustainabilityAssessmentSystem.(所有的體育場(chǎng)都由太陽(yáng)能電池板供電,而且,考慮到卡塔爾炎熱的氣候,他們的冷卻系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)得特別獨(dú)特。事實(shí)上,卡塔爾致力于健全的環(huán)境實(shí)踐已經(jīng)為所有的體育場(chǎng)贏得了全球可持續(xù)性評(píng)估系統(tǒng)的四星或五星。)可知,所有列出的體育場(chǎng)的共同點(diǎn)是:它們是環(huán)境友好型的。A.Theyholdthesamenumberofaudience.他們擁有相同數(shù)量的觀眾;B.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.它們是環(huán)保的;C.Theyareofthesamesizeanddesign.它們的大小和設(shè)計(jì)都一樣;D.TheyarefarawayfromthecapitalDoha.他們遠(yuǎn)離首都多哈。故選B。
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2022年卡塔爾世界杯體育場(chǎng)的相關(guān)信息。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Themeatisn'trawanditlooksfine,smellsfineandtastesfine,soeatingitshouldbefine,right?Unfortunately,itdoesn'tquiteworkthatway.(肉不是生的,看起來、聞起來、嘗起來都很好,所以吃起來應(yīng)該沒問題,對(duì)吧?不幸的是,事實(shí)并非如此。)可知,本段的目的是提出文章的主題:看起來、聞起來、嘗起來都很好食物也可能會(huì)有問題。故選A項(xiàng)。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中TheUSDAexplainsthatpathogenicbacteria
thrive
between4℃and40℃.Roomtemperatureusuallyfallsinthistemperaturerange,knownasthedangerzone.Inthistemperaturerange,pathogenicbacteriacansometimesdoubleinnumberwithinaspanof20minutes.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部解釋說,致病菌在4℃到40℃之間thrive。通常室溫在這個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi),稱為危險(xiǎn)區(qū)。在這個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi),致病菌的數(shù)量有時(shí)會(huì)在20分鐘內(nèi)翻一番。)可知,放在桌子上過夜的牛肉,溫度在10℃以上,含有致病菌最多。故選D項(xiàng)。
(3)詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句后文Inthistemperaturerange,pathogenicbacteriacansometimesdoubleinnumberwithinaspanof20minutes.(在這個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi),致病菌有時(shí)會(huì)在20分鐘內(nèi)增加一倍。)說明在這個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi)致病菌會(huì)增加,從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句TheUSDAexplainsthatpathogenicbacteria
thrive
between4℃and40℃.Roomtemperatureusuallyfallsinthistemperaturerange,knownasthedangerzone.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部解釋說,致病菌在4℃到40℃之間thrive。通常室溫這個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi),稱為危險(xiǎn)區(qū)。)其中劃線詞匯應(yīng)為"增加"的意思。A.Change.改變;B.Reduce.減少;C.Increase.增加;D.Form.形成。故選C項(xiàng)。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中TheUSDAstatesthatanyfoodthathasbeenleftoutatroomtemperatureforovertwohoursshouldbediscarded.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部表示,任何在室溫下放置超過兩小時(shí)的食物都應(yīng)該丟棄。)以及最后一段中Youmayfeelbadaboutthrowingawaymeatthatperfectlyfine,butit'sbettertobesafethansorry.(你可能會(huì)覺得把肉扔掉很糟糕,但安全總比后悔好。)可知,作者希望人們毫不猶豫地扔掉帶有致病菌的肉類。A.To
feel
sorry
for
throwing
it
away.為扔掉它感到抱歉;B.To
get
rid
of
it
without
hesitation.毫不猶豫地?cái)[脫它;C.To
eat
it
after
cooking
it
again.再次烹飪后食用;D.To
smell
it
and
decide
what
to
do
next.去嗅它,然后決定下一步做什么。故選B項(xiàng)。
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一則健康飲食知識(shí),看起來、聞起來、嘗起來都很好食物也可能會(huì)有問題。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
8~11.【答案】C、C、D、A【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Whatheparticularlydidn'tlikewashavingtobeonbloodthinnersaftertheoperation,somethingthatwouldpreventbloodvessel(血管)blocksbutpresentsomeotherrisks;"Iwasridingmotorbikesthen,andskiing,somywholelifestylewouldhavebeenaffected."(他特別不喜歡的是手術(shù)后必須使用血液稀釋劑,這可以防止血管阻塞,但也會(huì)帶來一些其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn);"當(dāng)時(shí)我騎摩托車,滑雪,所以我的整個(gè)生活方式都會(huì)受到影響。")可知,Golesworthy拒絕做手術(shù)是因?yàn)樗纳罘绞綍?huì)因此受到影響,即這會(huì)妨礙他享受他的愛好。故選C項(xiàng)。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Hedecidedhewouldfixhimself."Learningnewstuffanddevelopingnewideas,thatwasmyjob,"Golesworthysays.(他決定自己解決問題。"學(xué)習(xí)新東西,發(fā)展新想法,這是我的工作,"Golesworthy說)可知,渴望學(xué)習(xí)新事物促使塔爾開始考慮修復(fù)自己心臟。故選C。
(3)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段的Realizingsomethinghadtobedone,Golesworthyputhisyearsofexperienceasresearch-and-developmentengineertogooduse.Hedecidedhewouldfixhimself.(意識(shí)到必須有所作為后,戈?duì)査刮治鞒浞掷昧俗约憾嗄甑难邪l(fā)工程師經(jīng)驗(yàn)),第四段中Followinghisnovelway,Golesworthysubjectedhimselfto30hoursinanMRIscanner,used3
Dprintingtocreateaphysicalcopyofthefaultypartofhisheartandthenusedsofttextilemesh(網(wǎng)狀物)tomakeasleevetofitaroundit.(按照他的新穎方式,Golesworthy在核磁共振掃描儀中接受了30個(gè)小時(shí)的檢查,使用3
D打印制作了心臟有缺陷部分的物理副本,然后用柔軟的紡織網(wǎng)制作了一個(gè)袖子來包裹它)和倒數(shù)第二段的Eventually,hisdeterminationcoupledwiththeoriginalyetpracticalsolutionwonhimthesupportoftwoleadingsurgeonsandhelpedhimraisethemoneytodevelophisidea.(最終,他的決心和獨(dú)創(chuàng)而實(shí)用的解決方案為他贏得了兩位頂尖外科醫(yī)生的支持,并幫助他籌集了資金來實(shí)現(xiàn)他的想法)可知,Golesworthy非常專業(yè)且有決心。A.Pessimistic
and
active.悲觀又積極的;B.Brave
and
stubborn.勇敢又固執(zhí)的;C.Aggressive
and
humorous.好斗又幽默的;D.Professional
and
determined.專業(yè)又堅(jiān)定的。故選D項(xiàng)。
(4)主旨大意題。通讀全文,并結(jié)合第一段ThefirstheartthatTalGoldsworthy,aBritishengineer,repairedwashisown.Andhiseffortsdonotonlysavehislifebutalsobringhopetothosewhoarefacedwiththesamesituation.(英國(guó)工程師TalGoldsworthy修復(fù)的第一顆心臟是他自己的。他的努力不僅挽救了他的生命,也給那些面臨同樣處境的人帶來了希望)可知,文章主要講述患有馬凡氏綜合癥的TalGolesworthy拒絕做手術(shù),而通過自己的努力和專研用3
D打印技術(shù)制作出心臟主動(dòng)脈復(fù)制品,通過手術(shù)修復(fù)了自己的心臟。故選A項(xiàng)。
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述患有馬凡氏綜合癥的TalGolesworthy拒絕做手術(shù),而通過自己的努力和專研用3
D打印技術(shù)制作出心臟主動(dòng)脈復(fù)制品,通過手術(shù)修復(fù)了自己的心臟。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
12~15.【答案】B、B、D、C【解析】(1)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Thismaybebecausekidswithaso-calledgrowthmind-set,whobelieveintelligenceischangeable,aremorelikelytofocusontheirmistakesthanthosewithafixedmind-set,whobelieveintelligenceisnotchangeable(這可能是因?yàn)橛兴^成長(zhǎng)心態(tài)的孩子認(rèn)為智力是可變的,比那些有固定心態(tài)的孩子更容易專注于自己的錯(cuò)誤,他們認(rèn)為智力是不可變的)可知,成長(zhǎng)型思維模式的孩子認(rèn)為智力是可以改變的,不是一成不變的。A.It
is
unpredictable.它是不可預(yù)測(cè)的;B.It
is
not
set
in
stone.這不是一成不變的;C.It
is
fixed.它是固定的;D.It
is
accurate
in
mind.它在頭腦中是準(zhǔn)確的。故選B項(xiàng)。
(2)段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段的關(guān)鍵句Inthestudy,theresearchersfirst(在這項(xiàng)研究中,研究人員首先……),Theythenaskedthechildrentocomplete…(然后他們讓孩子們完成……),F(xiàn)inally,theresearchersanalyzedthebrainresponses...(最后,研究人員分析了大腦的反應(yīng)……)Ingeneral…(總之……)可知,該段主要講述了這項(xiàng)研究的進(jìn)展過程。故選B項(xiàng)。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容Thestudyalsofoundthatchildrenwithafixedmind-setcouldstillimprovetheiraccuracyonthetask,butonlyiftheypaidcloseattentiontotheirmistakes.(研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),固定思維模式的孩子仍然可以提高他們?cè)谌蝿?wù)中的準(zhǔn)確性,但前提是他們要密切注意自己的錯(cuò)誤)可知,固定思維模式的孩子在注意自己的錯(cuò)誤的前提下是可以提高在任務(wù)中的準(zhǔn)確性的。故選D項(xiàng)。
(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章末尾段的總結(jié)Insteadofshyingawayfromchildren'smistakes,parentsandteacherscouldofferthisadvice,'Mistakeshappen,solet'strytopayattentiontowhatwentwrongandfigureitout.'Schrodersaid.(家長(zhǎng)和老師不應(yīng)該回避孩子的錯(cuò)誤,而應(yīng)該提出這樣的建議:"錯(cuò)誤是會(huì)發(fā)生的,所以讓我們?cè)囍P(guān)注出了什么問題,并找出問題所在。"施羅德說)可知,文章以成長(zhǎng)型思維和固定思維對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的態(tài)度的研究引出中心話題正確對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤,關(guān)注錯(cuò)誤,并找出問題所在。因此,選項(xiàng)C"ConcentratingonMistakes(關(guān)注錯(cuò)誤)"貼合話題主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),那些認(rèn)為只要努力學(xué)習(xí)就能變得更聰明的孩子比那些認(rèn)為自己的智力水平一成不變的孩子更有可能從錯(cuò)誤中恢復(fù)過來,強(qiáng)調(diào)了正確對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤,關(guān)注錯(cuò)誤,并找出問題所在的重要性。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
16~20.【答案】E、F、B、D、G【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Mostpeoplesuffersomedegreeofanxietywhenpreparingforatest.(大多數(shù)人在準(zhǔn)備考試時(shí)都會(huì)有某種程度的焦慮。)和下文Whateveryourlevelofanxiety,learningtoreduceitisveryimportanttostudyeffectivelyforatest.(無論你的焦慮程度如何,為了考試而有效地學(xué)習(xí)是非常重要的。)可知,大多數(shù)人準(zhǔn)備考試都會(huì)緊張,但無論焦慮程度如何,都要進(jìn)行有效的學(xué)習(xí)。由此推知,空處提到了焦慮的程度。E項(xiàng)(這可以是輕微的緊張感,也可以是完全的恐慌)符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。
(2)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Themosteffectivewaytostudyisattendingclassregularly,takinggoodnotes,doingyourhomework,andaboveallbeinganactivestudent.(最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法是按時(shí)上課,記好筆記,做作業(yè),最重要的是做一個(gè)積極的學(xué)生。)推知,空處陳述如果你按照上文方法做了,會(huì)有什么養(yǎng)的效果,F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(如果你這樣做了,那就意味著你為考試做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備)符合語(yǔ)境,其中F項(xiàng)中的this指代上文"最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法"。故選F。
(3)段落標(biāo)題題。該空是小標(biāo)題,用祈使句,在A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)中選。根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容Waitinguntilthenightbeforeatesttostartstudyingislikelytoincreaseyouranxiety.Youwillnothavetimetoaskquestionsorfindlostinformation.Youlikelyfeelstressed,andareinabadsituation.Insteadofwaitinguntilthelastminute,startstudyingassoonasatestisscheduled.(等到考試前一天晚上才開始學(xué)習(xí)很可能會(huì)增加你的焦慮。你將沒有時(shí)間問問題或?qū)ふ襾G失的信息。你可能會(huì)感到壓力,并且處于糟糕的境地。與其等到最后一刻,不如一有考試就開始學(xué)習(xí)。)可知,要提前安排好學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。所以B項(xiàng)(安排好學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
(4)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Physicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreduceanxiety(體育活動(dòng)是減少焦慮的好方法。)推知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該在說體育活動(dòng)的好處,D項(xiàng)(體育活動(dòng)會(huì)釋放內(nèi)啡肽,讓你快樂)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
(5)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Sleepdeprivationisanothercauseofanxiety.Staycommittedtogettingafull8hoursofsleepormoreeverynight.(睡眠不
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