建筑姿勢的創(chuàng)造英文

ThecreationofarchitecturalgestureExtravaganceisnottheonlywaytofindgesturalqualitiesinthings,andenhancetheirstatus.Anasceticphilosopherwouldaimforatablethatwaspointedlylessextravagantthanthenorm,anditspurposewouldbetoshowhigh-mindednessratherthanlowstatusassuch.Ademocraticpresidentwouldneedtoshowondifferentoccasionsbothimperialgrandeur(whenentertainingvisitingheadsofstate)andabsoluteordinariness(showingarapportwithvoters).Wemightfeelashamedifourheadofstatelivedinanapartmentwithinexpensivecataloguefurniture,butinanothermoodmightresenttheextravagantcostsinvolvedinfurnishinghigh-statusaccommodationfromthepublicpurse.Thearchitecturalsettinghasaparttoplayinputtinginplaceasenseofhowitwouldbeappropriatetobehave,andinindicatingthestatusandaspirationsofitsinhabitant.Itcanbesimplyapersonalmatter,ifwedon'tcarewhatanyonethinks,anddecoratetosuitourselves,orcanbeverypublictheatre,broadcastaroundthewholeworld.圖1忌.T冒rad襪iti心ona娘lc薄ott鵝age鐵,u蕩nce餐rta皮in伐dat辟e,游but謹pr層c-2殘0構th墨cen近tur摔y;爬no戀arc東hit典ect拜.T柱his掃ho蒸vel陽is逗a訂rep培res劑ent例ati半ve桃exa崖mpl登eo勢ft鏡he惱typ蛇es浮of及dwe娛lli歇ng男tha壤tw竭ere弊bu大ilt丑by帳th綢er通ura恐lp吹oor趨un閣til識th惑e1吃9th華ce翁ntu地ry.渴Li葵vin史gc滔ond楊iti脹ons棗co也uld度be預ba斗d,技but幸th共ew門ors禍tc嘉ott川age咐sw赤ere產ma疤de亦of柄ear寸th儲and外ha安ve刺lon科gs攻inc綠ed礙isa槍ppe喝are傻d.才Sto嫌ne熊dwe這lli抗ngs還,s摟uch察as壓th獲eo古ne感sho梨wn癥her序e,嶺wou穩(wěn)ld科hav磚eb高een冤bu叨ilt鋒wi莊th課sto絕ne禿tha宏tw傾as江eit紫her府qu覆arr臉ied飽lo論cal例ly汪or嶄tha旁th偉ad隔bee穿nc程lea耀red堪fr宿om慮the惠fi渴eld蔬s.悄Thi痕se賞xam筆ple廟wo鳥uld表ha素ve敲bee錦nt膊oo確sma娛ll備to正ada腦pt輕to更mod撲ern陰ne跳eds年,b孫ut駕man判ys響imi嫌lar秋sl楊igh重tly夾la抗rge河rb獻uil米din磚gs息are那st翁ill何oc鹽cup份ied樓,c寒onn格ect西ed木to悠ele矩ctr露ici困ty鹿and巾wi旱th稀mod褲ern孫pl房umb鵝ing云,w昂hic催hm象ake晶st得hem餅ve磁ry盛dif尼fer盈ent腦fr笨om燕the布pl項ace掘st壤hey飽on粥ce叢wer逃e.近In金B(yǎng)ri箭tai宋n,蓄mos盜tc拌ott絡age補sa馬re我now碧in曬hab范ite凡db騙yp蓄eop杏le細who報se澆inc避ome睛do箭es惱not斃co添me頑fro侄mf夾arm貢ing劇th偷ep躬lot萌of煌la耽nd浸on瞎whi趟ch嚇the材ho叢use姓si烈ts,告bu蠶tb傅yp口eop勸le而who缺ei跡the策rh過ave影jo療bs宣in撞tow箏ns,排or嘗wh掌oh周ave揮re嫂tir自ed后fro嶼mt也hei截rt顫own裕wo蕉rk.升Mo賓st演cot豈tag俊es鈔the潑ref孟ore氣fu全nct逆ion朗as疤pa辭rt雁of寒ac蔑ity矩,e浙ven景th數oug米ht廉hey止ca蓮ns句til剪ll膨ook呈id父yll嚴ica窄lly條ru毛ral副.Themeaninginbuildingsisnotfixedinthem.Forexample,thecottagesthatwerebuiltbyagriculturalworkersfortheirownusewerenotconsideredasaformofartisticexpression,butasserviceableshelters(Figure1).Howevertheromanticpoetssawthesimplecottagesoftheruralpoorasanexpressionoftenaciousvirtueinbleakcircumstances,whichmeantthattheywereseenasgestural,andthenbytheendofthe18thcenturytherewasafashionforsmall-scaleruralretreats(cottagesornees),whichcertainlyshouldbeseenasartisticallyexpressive,andweredesignedthatway.Therehasbeenalongtraditionoflookingatagriculturalworkersasvirtuousandromanticthatstartedsomewhereintheancientworld.ItwasalreadyatraditionwhenVirgilwrotehisEcloguesinthefirstcenturyBC.Alreadythentherewasasentimentalinterpretationofagriculturethatcoulddevelopbecausetherewasaclassinthatsocietythatdidnothaveaneverydayinvolvementinagriculture,butwhocouldseeitfromadistanceandthinkofitasenviable,orinnocent.Themostfamousarchitecturalexpressionofthissensibilityinthe'modern'worldisthehamletthatMarie-AntoinettecommissionedatVersailles,whereshecouldstepasidefromherdutiesasthequeenintheworldsmostsplendidcourt,andpretendstobeasimplemilkmaid,intouchwithnatureandherfeelings.Thegestureisablendofinnocence,naivetéandsauciness.AnotherexampleisBlaiseHamletnearBristol,whichwasdesignedbythearchitectJohnNashasaself-consciouslyprettyandwell-managedgroupofhousesforretiredemployeesoftheBlaiseestate,agenuinebuthighlyvisiblegestureofbenevolenceonthepartofthelandowner.ThishasparticularpoignancybecauseNashwasalsoresponsibleforoneofthemostextravagantprincelydwellingsofthisoranyothertime:theRoyalPavilionatBrighton(Figure2).Eveninsmallillustrations,thereisnodoubtabouttherelativestatusoftheinhabitantsofthedwellingsshowninFigures1and2.Withoutanyspecializedknowledgeofarchitecture,weknowhowtoreadthesigns.EvenifwethoughtthatthebuildinginBrightonwasrelativelynormal,itwouldbeclearthatitwasnotthelow-costoption,andinfactitwasstylisticallyoutlandishandnovel.Itwasnotonlyextravagant;italsorelishedthedisplayofthatextravagance,andstilltodaysweepsvisitorsalongwiththesheerexuberanceofitsdisplay.ThereissomethingcharmingaboutthewayitrefusestoacknowledgeconventionaldecorumandsomethingabsolutelyaptaboutthewaythePrinceRegent'sriotouspartieswoulddothesame.Thereisasurprisinglycloserelationbetweentheformofthebuildinganditsfunction.床2族.R默oya因lP援avi僚lio糟n,譯Bri暈ght屑on,尺En填gla葡nd拉(18岡15-火21)萬;a售rch狠ite昨ct:鵲Jo發(fā)hn蘆Nas駕h(描175晴2-1膛835表).榨Thi衣si缸so鞋ne侍of咳the耀mo胖st趨sel竊f-c葛ons枝cio錄usl最ye弓xot金ic鹽bui釣ldi洞ngs餅th叮at阿has顫ev都er悅bee凱nb民uil飯t.噸The淋'p菜avi屋lio你n'波at瓜Bri借ght方on脆beg拋an紙wit富ha矛mu易ch三sma補lle朵ra割nd懂mor昏ec畏onv旬ent使ion廁al蒼bui臉ldi凡ng遇for突挨the夏th最en溉Pri般nce場of客Wa右les逃(w傭ho斑was淺la攤ter淹Pr望inc路eR添ege智nt武and悲th矛en辰Geo暴rge辟IV奶).睡The零na束me躬'pa堤vil陵ion勤'd夫eri墻ves例an蝶ol宇dF檔ren算ch弱wor紫df澤or泡at最ent跨an鬼di轉sn仇ow鉆nor顏mal躁ly鬧use雷df奧or蕩sma槽ll退bui繳ldi該ngs眉th踐at柜con峽nec蔑tw戶ith離ou嫌tdo紀or棕act歐ivi謠ty,粘an扶di闖tw造oul趕dh興ave律fi遙tte濁dt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