2021高考英語專題-第三講-介詞(短語)

第三講介詞(短語)eq\a\vs4\al(語法填空)【典題試做】1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsof/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)IwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.6．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.7．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s...8．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.9．(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.eq\a\vs4\al()1．常用介詞的基本用法；2．固定搭配中介詞的使用。eq\a\vs4\al(短文改錯(cuò))【典題試做】1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.在high前加in/at2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”.刪除like3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.刪除for4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegameforthemsometimes.for→with5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.on→of6．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.刪除for7．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.刪除第二個(gè)of1．介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞搭配不當(dāng)；2．介詞的多余；3．介詞的缺失；4．習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的錯(cuò)用。eq\a\vs4\al()?？冀樵~的用法1．表示時(shí)間的介詞介詞用法at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，時(shí)刻等。at6o’clock；atdaybreakon表示具體的日子或一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間或具體的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定語或后置定語修飾)。onMondayafternoon；onarainydaymorningin表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)。inthe20thcentury；inwinter；inSeptember；inthemorningin/after＋時(shí)間段在……之后?！癷n＋時(shí)間段”常與將來時(shí)連用；“after＋時(shí)間段”常與過去時(shí)連用since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，自從……以來for后接時(shí)間段，長(zhǎng)達(dá)……until/till直到……by到……為止；不遲于……during在……期間before在……之前over在……期間；直到……結(jié)束through一直，自始至終(2018·天津卷)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.到2050年，全球人口數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)到96億人。一些分析學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)食品生產(chǎn)量需要增長(zhǎng)50%才可以保持現(xiàn)狀。InBritain,it’snotunusualtohaveabusinessmeetingoverbreakfast.在英國(guó)，早餐時(shí)間開商務(wù)會(huì)議并不稀奇?！雒麕燑c(diǎn)津(1)當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前有this，that，last，next，every，each等詞修飾時(shí)，通常不用任何介詞。(2)“on/upon＋名詞或動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示“一……就……”。2．表示方位的介詞介詞用法at后常接相對(duì)較小的地方in后常接相對(duì)較大的地方或在某一個(gè)大的范圍之內(nèi)on表示“在……上”(反義詞：beneath)across表示“從……的表面穿過；在……對(duì)面”through表示“從……的內(nèi)部穿過”over表示“從……的上面跨過”(反義詞：under)above指離開物體表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。還可指數(shù)目、數(shù)量、水平、年齡等“超過，多于，大于”(反義詞：below)(上海卷)Thesunlightcameinthroughthewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.陽光透過天窗，照亮了整個(gè)房間。(陜西卷)Thedogjumpedoversomebushesandsawthelittlestream,wherethegirlwasasleep.狗跳過幾叢灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡著了。3．表示方式的介詞表示使用的工具、手段、材料時(shí)，with，by，in，on都意為“用”。with多指用具體的工具、身體的某部位或器官；by側(cè)重指使用某種方法、手段或乘坐某種交通工具；in指使用某種語言、筆墨等；on多用于固定詞組中。bytrain 乘火車ontheradio 通過收音機(jī)onTV 通過電視withapencil 用鉛筆4．表示“除……之外”的介詞(短語)介詞(短語)用法besides意為“除……之外(還有)”，相當(dāng)于inadditiontoexcept意為“除……之外(別無)”，可接名詞、代詞、介詞短語和從句but意為“除……之外”(＝except)apartfrom既可相當(dāng)于besides或inadditionto，也可相當(dāng)于exceptforotherthan意為“除……之外(別無)”(福建卷)Apartfromgoodservice，therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外，這個(gè)飯店還提供各種各樣的傳統(tǒng)福建菜?！雒麕燑c(diǎn)津(1)but常用于nobody，none，noone，nothing，anything,everyone，all之后。接不定式時(shí)，如果前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，則不定式中的to省略。(2)besides還可作副詞，意為“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入語。5．表示原因的介詞(短語)for,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof(浙江卷)Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓?，這次戶外慶祝會(huì)被推遲了。Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)?！雒麕燑c(diǎn)津上述短語除了dueto不僅可作狀語還可作表語外，其他短語只能作狀語。thanksto表示“多虧，幸虧”，多位于句首。6．其他?？嫉慕樵~介詞用法against違背，反對(duì)；倚靠；以……為背景，襯托beyond(范圍、限度)超出，為……所不能及by程度或增減的幅度；按……計(jì)despite盡管for(表示目的)為了；(表示對(duì)象或用途)給；因?yàn)?；從……來看；贊成，支持with和……在一起；和，跟；具有，帶有；(表示伴隨)隨著within(范圍、程度)在……之內(nèi)without沒有off(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏離；從……離開(重慶卷)Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwentofftheroad.她在轉(zhuǎn)彎處開得如此快，以至于車差點(diǎn)偏離公路。Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisbackagainstabigtree.吉姆累了，背靠著一棵大樹很快睡著了。(福建卷)Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.任何司機(jī)如被發(fā)現(xiàn)飲酒超限都會(huì)被指控。?？冀樵~短語及搭配高考中的語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)將更加注重對(duì)介詞短語及搭配的考查，介詞與動(dòng)詞、介詞與形容詞、介詞與名詞形式的搭配是高考考查的難點(diǎn)。常考介詞短語及固定搭配有：(一)介詞與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的搭配takeadvantageof 利用thanksb.forsth. 為某事感謝某人haveaneffecton 對(duì)……有影響separate...from 把……與……分開makealistof 列出一張……的單子playwith 同……一起玩；玩弄saygoodbyeto 對(duì)……說再見contributeto 貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成provide...with... 提供給某人某物holdup 舉起relyon 依靠referto 提及；參考；查閱passby 經(jīng)過careabout 關(guān)心；介意feellike 想要callfor 需要payfor 為……付款applyfor 申請(qǐng)beginwith 以……開始(二)介詞與形容詞構(gòu)成的搭配1．be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout 憂慮……becuriousabout 對(duì)……好奇beparticularabout 對(duì)……講究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout 擔(dān)心……2．be＋adj.＋atbeangryat 因……生氣begoodat 擅長(zhǎng)beastonishedat 對(duì)……吃驚bepresentat 出席3．be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin 專注于……beactivein 積極于……bedressedin 穿著……beengagedin 忙于……berichin 富含……beoccupiedin 忙于……4．be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor 渴望……befamousfor 以……著名befitfor 適合，勝任……bereadyfor 準(zhǔn)備好……besorryfor 對(duì)……感到抱歉bepreparedfor 為……做好準(zhǔn)備5．be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom 缺席bedifferentfrom 不同于befarfrom 遠(yuǎn)離befreefrom 不受……影響6．be＋adj.＋tobecloseto 接近……bedevotedto 致力于……beequalto 等于；勝任befamiliarto 對(duì)……來說熟悉befriendlyto 對(duì)……友好beharmfulto 對(duì)……有危害bekindto 對(duì)……友好besimilarto 與……相似begratefulto 對(duì)……心存感激7．be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof 意識(shí)到……befondof 喜歡……beproudof 因……而自豪beshortof 缺乏……8．be＋adj.＋withbebusywith 忙于……befamiliarwith 對(duì)……熟悉becombinedwith 與……結(jié)合bepatientwith 對(duì)……有耐心bepopularwith 受……的歡迎bepleasedwith 對(duì)……感到滿意byangrywith(sb.) 對(duì)(某人)發(fā)怒(三)介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配1．“at＋n.”表示狀態(tài)ataloss 不知所措atpeace 處于和平中atwar 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中atwork 在工作2．其他以at開頭的介詞短語atthebeginningof 在……的開始atthecostof 以……為代價(jià)attheriskof 冒……的危險(xiǎn)atthemercyof 在……支配下3．“on＋n.”表示狀態(tài)onexhibition/show 在展出onfire 著火onsale 出售；打折ontheway 在途中onthedecrease/increase 在減少/增加onholiday/vacation 在度假4．其他以on開頭的介詞短語onaccountof 因?yàn)閛nbehalfof 代表onnoaccount/condition 決不5．“by＋n.”表示方式byaccident 偶然byair/plane 乘飛機(jī)bychance 偶然bycoincidence 碰巧byhand 用手bymistake 錯(cuò)誤地bytheday 按天算bynature 天生地6．“in＋n.”表示方式incash 用現(xiàn)金付款indepth 在深度上indetail 詳細(xì)地inheight 在高度上inlength 在長(zhǎng)度上inEnglish 用英語7．其他以in開頭的介詞短語innotime 立刻innoway 決不inplaceof 代替inpossessionof 擁有，占有inadditionto 另外inchargeof 掌管……inreturn 作為回報(bào)inspiteof 盡管inexchangefor 作為交換infavo(u)rof 支持，贊成incaseof 萬一；如果；假如inhono(u)rof 為向……表示敬意inmemoryof 為了紀(jì)念……insupportof 為支持……8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)ofbenefit(＝beneficial) 有益處的ofhelp(＝helpful) 有幫助的ofimportance(＝important) 重要的ofsignificance(＝significant) 有重大意義的ofuse(＝useful) 有用的ofvalue(＝valuable) 有價(jià)值的9．“outof＋n.”表示狀態(tài)outofbalance 失去平衡outofbreath 上氣不接下氣outofcontrol 不受控制outofdate 過時(shí)outoforder 出故障outofsight 看不到outofthequestion 不可能outofquestion 毫無疑問outofwork 失業(yè)10．“under＋n.”表示被動(dòng)underattack 遭到襲擊underpressure 在壓力下undertreatment 在治療中undercontrol 處于控制之下11．“with＋n.”表示行為方式withdelight/joy 高興地withdifficulty 困難地withease 輕而易舉地withfear 害怕地withpleasure 樂意地12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，難以……”beyondcompare 無與倫比beyondreach 夠不到beyonddescription 難以描述beyondexpression/words 難以表達(dá)(四)介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配nextto 緊挨著inbetween 在中間，在兩者之間insteadof 代替apartfrom 除……之外regardlessof 不管，不顧accordingto 根據(jù)alongwith 隨著togetherwith 連同owingto 因?yàn)閎utfor 要不是upto 直到；由……而定(五)易用錯(cuò)的介詞withthehelpof 在……的幫助下undertheleadershipof 在……的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下thearticleinthenewspaper 報(bào)紙上的文章aholeinthewall 墻上的洞abirdinthetree 樹上的鳥applesonthetree 樹上的蘋果ticketsfortheconcert 音樂會(huì)的票inthedirectionof 朝著……的方向setanexampletosb. 給某人樹立榜樣Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·保定摸底)AreportpublishedonDec.6saysthisstyleofhealthcare,whichincludesdifferentformslikeherbalmedicineandexercise,hasspreadto183countriesandregions.2．(2020·儋州統(tǒng)測(cè))JinYonghasmanyfansoutsideofChinese-speakingareas,asaresultofmanyadaptationsofhisworksintofilms,televisionseries,comicsandvideogames.3．(2020·湖北五校期中)Sleepmightbeoneanswertotheproblem.4．(2020·河北衡水中學(xué)一調(diào))Asweallknow,Hangzhou,abeautifulcity,wonthebidonSeptember16th,2015.5．(2020·湖北重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考協(xié)作體期中)It’sofgreatimportancetoaskforhelpandletpeopleknowhowyoufeelifyouareworriedoranxious.6．(2020·鄂東南教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟期中)ButonSaturday(Sept.1),millionsofparentswatchingtheshowdisapprovedofthe“endless”adsdelayingtheshowby12minutes.7．(2020·湖北名校大聯(lián)考)WaltDisneydevelopedanearlyinterestindrawing.Hetookartclassesasaboyandgotajobasacommercialdesignerattheageof18.8．(2020·閩粵贛“三省十?！甭?lián)考)Atotalof956swimmersfrom31countriesandregionsincludingtheUnitedStates,RussiaandBritainwilltakepartintheenjoyableevent.9．(2020·佛山教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)Parentsshoulddotheirbesttotalktotheirsonsanddaughtersabouttheirschoolworkandfutureplansbutshouldnotpushthemtotalkiftheydon’twantto.10．(2020·湖南六校聯(lián)考)InmanyplaceslikeBritainandItaly,ifyouleavethehousewithoutyourwallet,you’llbeinadifficultsituationallday.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2020·福建泉港一中、南安國(guó)光中學(xué)期中聯(lián)考)Ofallmyteachers,Mr.Mooreistheonewhomakesanimpressionofme.第二個(gè)of→on2．(2020·湖北五校期中)Somejokinglyputitthatfriendsaremadetobetakenadvantage.在advantage后加of3．(2020·宜昌示范性高中協(xié)作體期中)Weakasheseemed,hewentstraightintotheseawithanyhesitation.with→without4．(2020·福建長(zhǎng)汀一中等六校聯(lián)考)Somestudentsmaygetaccessforsomeunhealthywebsites,whichdoesharmtotheirdevelopment.for→to5．(2020·湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬)OnedaywhenIwasonmywaytohomefromschool，Ifoundabuildingonfire.ImmediatelyIcalledthefirefighters.刪除to6．(2020·安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)Ialwaysfeelsothankfultowhattheyhaveofferedtome.第一個(gè)to→for7．(2020·福建四校期中)OnceItalkedtoherthisproblem.在this前加about8．(2020·河北“五個(gè)一”名校聯(lián)盟考試)AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricaonlastFriday,causing4deaths.刪除on9．(2020·閩粵贛“三省十?！甭?lián)考)However,toomuchraindoesalotofharmforus.for→to10．(2020·江西紅色七校聯(lián)考)AsIwaswaitingtheresponsefromthemanager,Isawanoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertothecounter.在waiting后加for Ⅰ.語法填空(2020·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校一聯(lián))Whenscholarsofinternationalrelationspredictthatthe21stcenturywillbea“Chinesecentury”，theyarefullofreasons.1.Although/Though/WhileAmericaremainstheonlysuperpower,Chinaisresponsibleforanimportantshareofglobalchange.Since2.thestartofthefinancialcrisisin2008,forexample,Chinahasaccounted3.for45%ofthegaininworldGDP.In1990about750millionChinesepeoplelivedinextreme4.poverty(poor);todayfewerthan10milliondo.ItsGDPperperson,intermsofpurchasingpower，5.has__risen(rise)tentimessince1990.China’s6.amazing(amaze)performancehasgreatlyaffectedtheworld’seconomicoutput.TheEconomisthasworkedoutageographiccentreoftheglobaleconomybytakinganaverageofeachcountry’slatitudeandlongitude(經(jīng)緯度),7.measured(measure)by8.its(it)GDP.AttheheightofAmerica’scontrol,thispointpreviouslysatinthenorthAtlantic.ButChinahaspulleditsofareast9.thattheglobalcentreofeconomi