高級(jí)英語Unit-4-Everyday-use-知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

Unit4EverydayuseforyourgrandmammaWhatisaplot?Ifanauthorwrites,"Thekingdiedandthenthequeendied,"thereisnoplotforastory.Butbywriting,"Thekingdiedandthenthequeendiedofgrief,"thewriterhasprovidedaplotlineforastory.Aplotisacausalsequenceofevents,the"why"forthethingsthathappeninthestory.Theplotdrawsthereaderintothecharacter'slivesandhelpsthereaderunderstandthechoicesthatthecharactersmake.TheStructureofaplotExposition-introductionofthemaincharactersandsettingRisingAction-one(ormore)charactersincrisisClimax-pointofhighestemotion;turningpointFallingAction-resolutionofcharacter’scrisisDenouement(outcome)-“untyingofplottreads”;resolutionNarrationNarratorFirst-personnarration;third-personnarrationNarrator≠authorThetitleThemeaningofthetitlerequiresthereadertoreaddeeperwithintheshortstory.Thephrase“EverydayUse”bringsaboutthequestionwhetherornotheritageshouldbepreservedanddisplayedorintegratedintoeverydaylife.“EverydayUse”pertainsnotonlytothequilt,butmoresotopeople'scultureandheritageandhowtheychoosetohonorit.ThethemeThemainthemeinthestoryconcernsthecharacters’connectionstotheirancestralroots.DeeJohnsonbelievesthatsheisaffirmingherAfricanheritagebychanginghername,hermannerisms,andherappearance,eventhoughherfamilyhaslivedintheUnitedStatesforseveralgenerations.ThethemeMaggieandMrs.Johnsonareconfusedandintimidatedbyhernewimageas“Wangero”.Theirownconnectionstotheirheritagerestontheirmemoriesoftheirmothersandgrandmothers;theyprefertorememberthemforwhotheywereasindividuals,notasmembersofaparticularrace.Becauseoftheirdifferingviewpoints,theyplacedifferentvaluesonsomeoldquiltsandotherobjectsinthehome.ThebackgroundBythe1960s,followingthesuccessofcivilrightsleaderslikeMartinLutherKing,Jr.andMalcolmX,someAfricanAmericansbegantotakeprideintheirheritageasawayofgainingtheiresteem,forgingagroupidentity,andcreatingaplatformforgreaterpoliticalpower.Knownas“blackpride”orBlackNationalism,theseideasencouragedmanyyoungAfricanAmericanstolearnabouttheirculturalancestry,growtheirhairinto“Afros”,dressintraditionalAfricanclothing,andrejecttheir“slavenames”.CulturalnationalismCulturalnationalismwasfoundedonthebeliefthatblacksandwhiteshaveseparatevalues,histories,intellectualtraditionsandlifestylesandthereforethatinreality,therearetwoseparateAmericas.Culturalnationalismwasoftenexpressedaasaconceptualandaestheticreturntothemotherland(rarelyanactualreturn),arecognitionoftheAfricanrootsthatblacksinAmericahadbeguntoforgetasaresultofslavery,biasededucationandstereotypedrepresentationsinthemassmedia.Inhisarticle,"BlackCulturalNationalism,"RonKarenga,oneofthestrongestvoicesinfavorofculturalnationalism,writes,"Letourartremindusofourdistastefortheenemy,ourloveforeachother,andourcommitmenttotherevolutionarystrugglethatwillbefoughtwiththerhythmicrealityofapermanentrevolution"Culturalnationalismonavisuallevelwasexpressedinthesameway,bythewearingofbrightlycoloredAfricanclothing,suchasdashikis,andtheadaptationoftheAfrohairstyle,bothsymbolicrepresentationsoftheimportantrelationshipbetweenBlacksinAmericaandtheirAfricanroots.Mama(MsJohnson)Thenarratorofthestory.Sheisamiddle-agedorolderAfrican-Americanwomanlivingwithheryoungerdaughter,Maggie.Althoughpoor,sheisstrongandindependent,andtakesgreatprideinherwayoflife.Sheisoverweight,andbuiltmorelikeamanthanawoman.Shehasstronghandsthatarewornfromalifetimeofwork.MaggieDee’ssisterwhowasbadlyburnedbyafirewhenshewasyoung.Shehaslowself-confidenceandbecomesuncomfortablewhenDeeisaround.MaggiecontrastsDeebyshowingaspecialregardforherimmediatefamily.DeeMrs.Johnson’solderdaughter.Sheisattractive,sophisticated,andwell-educated.Sheisalsoveryselfish,bold,andoverlyconfident.Whenshereturnshome,sheinsistsherfamilycallsherWangerobecauseshewantstobeabiggerpartofherculture.Theonlyreasonshewantsthisisbecauseit’ssuddenlythenewtrend.thehistoricalpresentThehistoricalpresent(sometimesdramaticpresent)referstotheemploymentofthepresenttensewhennarratingpastevents.itisusedinfiction,for“hotnews”(asinheadlines),andineverydayconversation.Inconversation,itisparticularlycommonwith“verbsofcommunication”suchastell,write,andsay(andincolloquialuses,go).Thehistoricalpresenthastheeffectofmakingpasteventsmorevivid.P1:theyardthatMaggieandImadesocleanandwavywavy:havingregularcurvesAwavylinehasaseriesofregularcurvesalongit.Hereinthetexttheworddescribesthemarksinwavypatternsontheclaygroundleftbythebroom.P1:Itislikeanextendedlivingroom.Extended:enlargedP1:WhenthehardclayissweptcleanAfine-grained,firmearthymaterialthatisplasticwhenwetandhardenswhenheated,consistingprimarilyofhydratedsilicatesofaluminumandwidelyusedinmakingbricks,tiles,andpottery.粘土，泥土P1:thefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargroovesFine:thin,insmallparticlesGroovenoun

alongnarrowcutinthesurfaceofsthhard:Cutagroove3cmfromthetopofthepieceofwood.溝、槽P1:sitandlookupintotheelmtree榆樹P2:homelyandashamedoftheburnscarsNothandsomeorbeautiful:plain,unattractive.(Neversayawomanoragirlisugly.Saysheisplainorhomely.)Ofaplainandunsophisticatednature:artless,unadorned,unpolished.(homelyfurniture)Oforrelatingtothefamilyorhousehold:domestic,household.(homelyskills)P2:eyinghersisterwithamixtureofenvyandaweLookatandwatchdon’tsuggestthefeelingsofthepersonwholooks.Figureofspeech:analogy類比Illustrationofanideabymeansofamorefamiliarideathatissimilarorparalleltoitinsomesignificantfeatures,andthussaidtobeanalogoustoit.Analogiesareoftenpresentedintheformofanextended*SIMILE,asinBlake's*APHORISM:'Asthecaterpillarchoosesthefairestleavestolayhereggson,sothepriestlayshiscurseonthefairestjoys.'Inliteraryhistory,ananalogueisanotherstoryorplotwhichisparallelorsimilarinsomewaytothestoryunderdiscussion.Verb:analogize.Moreexamplesofanalogy"Mishapsarelikeknives,thateitherserveusorcutus,aswegraspthembythebladeorthehandle.”JamesRussellLowell"Ashoethatfitsonepersonpinchesanother;thereisnorecipeforlivingthatsuitsallcases."CarlJung"Atrulygreatbookshouldbereadinyouth,againinmaturityandoncemoreinoldage,asafinebuildingshouldbeseenbymorninglight,atnoon,andbymoonlight.”RobertsonDaviesKindofSomebody Ofisusedtointroducethedoerofanactiondescribedbyaprecedingadjective.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.Itwasverygoodofthemtowaitforus.Itisstupidofhertogoforlongwalksaloneinthisplace.Itwasveryrudeofthemnottoanswer.P9:chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle…AbsoluteconstructionAsnapshotP9:chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle…aslowwalkinwhichyoutakesmallstepsanddonotliftyourfeetcompletelyofftheground:Theoldmanwalkedwithashuffle.Therewasashuffleoffeetastheroomemptied.Chinonchest…Maggie’sscarsaresymbolsofthescarsthatallAfricanAmericanscarryasaresultofthe“fire”ofslavery:“branded”.ThisdescriptionofMaggieremindspeopleoftheblackheritageforalongtimeaftertheCivilWar—“chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle”.P10:afullerfigureRoundedinshape;plumpP10:Maggie'sarmsstickingtomeAttach[intransitiveandtransitive]toattachsomethingtosomethingelseusingasubstance,ortobecomeattachedtoasurfacestickto/togetherIcouldfeelmyshirtstickingtomyback.Theoilkeepsthepastafromstickingtogether.P10:herhairsmokingandherdressfallingoffherinlittleblackpaperyflakesAbsoluteconstructionPapery:Resemblingpaper,asinthicknessortextureFlake:asmallthinpiecethatbreaksawayeasilyfromsomethingelseflakesofsnow;chocolateflakesP10:Hereyesseemedstretchedopen,blazedopenbytheflamesreflectedinthem.Toburnwithabrightflame.Toshinebrightly.SweetGumTree膠皮糖香樹P10:thelastdingygrayboardofthehouseadj.(din?gier,din?gi?est)darkanddirty:adingyroom/hoteldingycurtains/clothesdin?gi?nessnoun[U]P11:AugustaP11:Shewashedusinariverofmake-believe,burneduswithalotofknowledgewedidn'tnecessarilyneedtoknow.1(disapproving)imaginingorpretendingthingstobedifferentormoreexcitingthantheyreallyare;fantasy:Theyliveinaworldofmake-believe.2imaginingthatsthisreal,orthatyouaresbelse,forexampleinachild’sgame:‘Let’splaymake-believe,’saidSam.P11:Shewashedusinariverofmake-believe,burneduswithalotofknowledgewedidn'tnecessarilyneedtoknow.Shetriedtobrainwashuswithfantasies,andtortureduswithalotofuselessknowledge.Wash,river,burn:metaphorP11:Pressedustoherwiththeseriouswaysheread,toshoveusawayatjustthemoment,likedimwits,weseemedabouttounderstand.Shove:topushsb/sthinaroughway;jostle[v]Thecrowdwaspushingandshovingtogetabetterview.[vn,usually+adv./prep.]Heshovedherdownthestairs.P11:Pressedustoherwiththeseriouswaysheread,toshoveusawayatjustthemoment,likedimwits,weseemedabouttounderstand.Dimwit:stupidperson,simpletonSheforcedustolistentoherwithherseriouswayofreading,butdidnotbothertoexplainwhenweneededclarifications.DidDeereallywantto‘educate’herfamily?P12:Organdy蟬翼紗P12:High/low-heeledpumps

無帶淺口女鞋ashoethatgripsthefootchieflyatthetoeandheelespecially:aclose-fittingwoman'sdressshoewithamoderatetohighheelP12:Shewasdeterminedtostaredownanydisasterinherefforts.Staredown:TocausetowaverorgiveinbyorasifbystaringShewasdeterminedtoconfrontandtoovercomeanydifficultywithhereffort.P12:Hereyelidswouldnotflickerforminutesatatime.3[v]tomovewithsmallquickmovements:Hereyelidsflickeredassheslept.P12:Hereyelidswouldnotflickerforminutesatatime.1[v](ofalightoraflame)tokeepgoingonandoffasitshinesorburns:Thelightsflickeredandwentout.theflickeringscreenofthetelevision2[v+adv./prep.](ofanemotion,athought,etc.)tobeexpressedorappearsomewhereforashorttime:Angerflickeredinhiseyes.Asmileflickeredacrossherface.P13:Don'taskmewhy:in1927coloredaskedfewerquestionsthantheydonow.P13:Shestumblesalonggood-naturedlybutcan'tseewell.1~(over/onsth)tohityourfootagainststhwhileyouarewalkingorrunningandalmostfall;trip:Istumbledoverarock.3~(over/throughsth)tomakeamistakeormistakesandstopwhileyouarespeaking,readingtosborplayingmusic:Inhernervousnessshestumbledoverherwords.Istumbledthroughthepianopiecewithdifficulty.P13:Shestumblesalonggood-naturedlybutcan'tseewell.Maggieisverycheerfulwhenreadingtome,butsheoftenmakesmistakesbecauseshecannotseethewordsproperly.Compare:…butcan’treadwell.P13:whohasmossyteethinanearnestfaceMoss:苔蘚Mossy:1:resemblingmoss;2:coveredwithmossorsomethinglikemossP13:whohasmossyteethinanearnestfaceEarnestveryseriousandsincere:anearnestyoungmanDespiteherearnestefforts,shecouldnotfindajob.P13:Iwashookedinthesidein'49.CowsaresoothingandslowHook:hitSoothing:calming,comfortingP14:TinRoofP14:ShingleRoof木瓦Athinoblongpieceofmaterial,suchaswoodorslate,thatislaidinoverlappingrowstocovertherooforsidesofahouseorotherbuilding.P14:Portholesinaship舷窗P14:rawhideholdingtheshuttersup1:awhipofuntannedhide

2:untannedcattleskin生牛皮P14:Shutters百葉窗P14:Thishouseisinapasture,toolandcoveredwithgrassthatissuitableforfeedinganimalson:◆highmountainpastures◆Thecattlewereputouttopasture.P14:nomatterwherewe"choose"tolive,shewillmanagetocomeseeusDidDee’smotherandsisterhaveachoiceornot?CondescendingtoneP15:Furtiveboysinpinkshirtshangingaboutonwashdayafterschool.Furtive:behavingasifyouwanttokeepsomethingsecret[=

secretive]:Therewassomethingfurtiveabouthisactions.hangaround(...)(informal)towaitorstaynearaplace,notdoingverymuch:Youhangaroundhereincasehecomes,andI’llgoonahead.P15:Furtiveboysinpinkshirtshangingaboutonwashdayafterschool.Washday:aday,oftenthesamedayeveryweek,whentheclothes,linens,etc.ofahouseholdarewashed.Mondaywasthetraditionalwashingday,butinwinterthedryingfromwashdaycouldgoonallweek!P15:Impressedwithhertheyworshipedthewell-turnedphrase,ConciselyoraptlyexpressedP15:thecuteshapecute1.veryprettyorattractive:acutelittlepuppy2.especiallyAmericanEnglishsexuallyattractive:Tellusaboutthiscuteguyyoumet!Shape:Thecontourofaperson'sbody;thefigureP15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlyescaldverb[vn]toburnyourselforpartofyourbodywithveryhotliquidorsteam:Becarefulnottoscaldyourselfwiththesteam.Scaldingadj.1.Causingaburningsensation,asfromcontactwithhotliquid.4.Harshlycriticalordenunciatory;scathing:ascaldingreviewoftheplayP15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlyescaldverb[vn]toburnyourselforpartofyourbodywithveryhotliquidorsteam:Becarefulnottoscaldyourselfwiththesteam.Scaldingadj.1.Causingaburningsensation,asfromcontactwithhotliquid.4.Harshlycriticalordenunciatory;scathing:ascaldingreviewoftheplayP15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlyeErupt:Toemergeviolentlyfromrestraintorlimits;explode:Myneighboreruptedinangeroverthenoise.Lye:Theliquidobtainedbyleachingwoodashes.堿液：通過過濾木灰得到的液體P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytouschase[intransitive,transitive](informal)totrytopersuadesomebodytohaveasexualrelationshipwithyouchaseaftersomebodyKevin'sbeenchasingafterJoanformonths.chasesomebodyGirlsarealwayschasinghim.P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytouspursuesomebody/somethingtofolloworchasesomebody/something,especiallyinordertocatchthemSheleftthetheatre,hotlypursuedbythepress.Policepursuedthecarathighspeed.Jakehasbeenpursuingher(=tryingtohavearelationshipwithher)formonths.P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytouswoosomebody(old-fashioned)(ofaman)totrytopersuadeawomantolovehimandmarryhimP16:Heflewtomarryacheapcitygirlfromafamilyofignorantflashypeople.Cheapandshowy;gaudy.俗艷的：低劣的或華而不實(shí)的；庸俗而華麗的Givingamomentaryorsuperficialimpressionofbrilliance閃爍的，炫耀的：給人以短暫或表面印象的光彩或才華的gaudyflashygarishloudmeretricioustawdryThecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesistastelesslyshowyP16Shehardlyhadtimetorecomposeherself. (re)composeoneself:Tomakeoneselfcalmdown靜一靜心，把發(fā)生的事告訴我。 Composeyourselfandtrytotellmewhathappened.在大批觀眾面前她看上去泰然自若。 Sheappearedcomposedbeforethelargeaudience.P18MaggieattemptstomakeadashforthehouseDash:rush,suddenmovement火警一響，所有的人都向出口奔去。 Whenthefirealarmwent,allthepeoplemadeadashfortheexit.要下大雨了，趕緊跑到一個(gè)地方避避雨。 It’spouringwithrain.Makeadashforashelter.P19Fromtheothersideofthecarcomesashort,stockyman.stocky1.Solidlybuilt;sturdy.2.Chubby;plump.P19hangingfromhischinlikeakinkymuletailTightlytwistedorcurled:kinkyhair.P19Likewhenyouseethewrigglingendofasnakejustinfrontofyourfootontheroad.1.totwistandturnyourbodyorpartofitwithquickshortmovementsSynonymwiggle2.tomovesomewherebytwistingandturningyourbodyorpartofitSynonymsquirmP20Adresssoloudithurtsmyeyes.(ofcolours,patterns,etc.)toobrightandlackinggoodtaste;gaudy,garishCompare:“tackyflowers”(P54)P20Adresssoloudithurtsmyeyes.BlackCulturalnationalism:DressedlikenativeAfricansP20Adresssoloudithurtsmyeyes.SynaesthesiaAconditioninwhichonetypeofstimulationevokesthesensationofanother,aswhenthehearingofasoundproducesthevisualizationofacolor.Coloured-hearingisthemostcommonformofsynaesthesia,inwhichhearingawordevokestheperceptionofcolour.Synaesthesia熱鬧，冷靜；暖紅，寒碧紅杏枝頭春意鬧Thegirlisloudlydressed.Heiswearingaloudnecktie.Thegentlemanisquietlyarrayed.P20BraceletsdanglingandmakingnoisesBracelet:手鐲Dangle:tohangorswingfreelyP20IhearMaggiego"Uhnnnh"again. Go+soundmeanstomakeaparticularsound.氣球砰的一聲爆開了。 Theballoonsuddenlywentbang.槍砰地響了一聲。 Thegungoesbang.氣泡越來越大，噗的一聲破裂了。 Thebabblewasgettingbiggerandbiggeruntilitwentpop.P20Itisblackasnightandaroundtheedgesaretwolongpigtailsthatropeaboutlikesmalllizardsdisappearingbehindherears.P21“Wa-su-zo-Tean-o” In1970sitwasfashionabletoAfricanAmericanstorediscovertheirrootsinAfrica,andrejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage.SoitbecamefashionableforsomeyoungAfricanAmericanstousewordsorphrasesofAfricanlanguages.P21“Wa-su-zo-Tean-o”ThisisaLugandaphraseshowinghowtheBugandapeopleofUgandasay‘GoodMorning’.Itcanbetranslatedassomethinglike"Ihopeyouhavesleptwell".Onecanwonderwhysheusesthisgreetingwhenshemustknowthatthephrasewillmakenosenseforhermother.Timeoftheday?P21TheshortstockyfellowwiththehairtohisnavelisallgrinningBellybuttonP21TheshortstockyfellowwiththehairtohisnavelisallgrinningTodrawbackthelipsandbaretheteeth,asinmirthorgoodhumorAllgrinning Allcanbeusedtomeanthegreatestpossibleamountofthequalityyouarementioning.Wecansayinallhonestythatwedideverythingwecould.Suddenlyhecamein,allexcited.Thehostess,allsmiles,camedowntomeetus.P21Asalamalakim Dee’sboy-friendisablackMuslimwhogreetsthemotherandsisterwiththewell-knownArabgreetingAsalamalakim(Peacebewithyou).Seekingtheirsocialidentity,someAfricanAmericansconvertedtoIslam,regardingChristianityasthereligionofthewhites,theiroppressors.AblackMuslimshouldtakeaMuslimnameandeatcertainfoodsandavoidothers.AfamousexampleisMuhammadAli(CassiusMarcellusClay)whoconvertedtoIslamin1964.irony(Gk'dissimulation')FirstrecordedinPlato'sRepublic(4thc.rc),whereithasapproximatelythemeaningof'aglibandunderhandwayoftakingpeoplein'.InthePlatonicdialoguesSocrateshimselftakestheroleoftheeironor'dissembler'and,assumingtheposeofignoranceandfoolishness,asksseeminglyinnocuousandnaivequestionswhichgraduallyunderminehisinterlocutor'scaseandtraphim(throughthelattertadmissions)intoseeingthetruth.ironyHenryWatsonFowler,inTheKing'sEnglish,says“anydefinitionofirony—thoughhundredsmightbegiven,andveryfewofthemwouldbeaccepted—mustincludethis,thatthesurfacemeaningandtheunderlyingmeaningofwhatissaidarenotthesame."Also,EricPartridge,inUsageandAbusage,writesthat"Ironyconsistsinstatingthecontraryofwhatismeant."ironyTheword"ironic"issometimesusedasasynonymfor"incongruous"insituationswherethereisno“doubleaudience”andnocontradictionbetweentheostensibleandtruemeaningofthewords.Anexampleofsuchusage:“Ironically,SirArthurSullivanisrememberedforthecomicoperashefoundembarrassing,ratherthantheseriousworkshehopedwouldbehislegacy.”VerbalironyVerbalironyisacontrastbetweenexpressionandintention:whenaspeakersaysonethingbutmeansanother,orwhenaliteralmeaningiscontrarytoitsintendedeffect.Anexampleofthisiswhensomeonesays“Oh,that‘sbeautiful”,whenwhattheymean(probablyconveyedbytheirtone)istheyfind“that”quiteugly.VerbalironyIronicsimilesareaformofverbalironywhereaspeakerintendstocommunicatetheoppositeofwhattheymean,oftenintheformofasAasB.Forinstance,thefollowingexplicitsimilesmeansnotAbutqualitiesassociatedwithB:assoftasconcrete(hard)asclearasmud(unclear)asfunascancer(horrible)DramaticironyDramaticironyisadifferencebetweenexpressionandawareness:whenwordsandactionspossessasignificancethatthelisteneroraudienceunderstands,butthespeakerorcharacterdoesnot.Forexample,inRomeoandJuliet,theothercharactersinthecastthinkJulietisdead,buttheaudienceknowssheonlytookasleepingpotion.SituationalironySituationalironyisthedifferencebetweenintentionandresult:whentheresultofanactioniscontrarytothedesiredorexpectedeffect.Likewise,cosmicironyisdisparitybetweenhumandesiresandtheharshrealitiesoftheoutsideworld.Bysomedefinitions,situationalironyandcosmicironyarenotironyatall.P22SinceIamstoutittakessomethingofapush.YoucanseemetryingtomoveasecondortwobeforeImakeit.fatanditssynonymsFat:impolite,usedtotalkaboutyourfamilymembers,closefriends.Overweight:usedfromamedicalpointofview.Big:meaningfatandtall,usedtoavoidtheimpoliteword“fat”.Obese:extremelyfatinawaythatisunhealthy.Stout:meaningshortandfat,usedespeciallytotalkaboutamiddle-agedperson,andtoavoidtheunpleasantword“fat”.Plump:fatinapleasantandattractiveway,oftenusedtoavoidtheimpoliteword“fat”.Chubby:usedtotalkaboutsmallchild,meaningfatinapleasant,healthy-lookingway.P22SinceIamstoutittakessomethingofapush.YoucanseemetryingtomoveasecondortwobeforeImakeit. Notcompletelyornotinastrongorsevereway.Thenewscameassomethingofasurprise.Itissomethingofamysterywhyhedoesnotgiveupthepoorly-paidjob.P22SinceIamstoutittakessomethingofapush.YoucanseemetryingtomoveasecondortwobeforeImakeit.stout:bulkyinbody;FATIamsoheavythatIhavetopushmyselfupfromthechairandIneedtoadjustmypositionbeforestandingup.P22OutshepeeksnextwithaPolaroid.peekout/over/through,etc.tobejustvisible:Herfeetpeekedoutfromtheendoftheblanket.Atoepeekedthroughtheholeinhissock.PolaroidcameraP22…Maggiecoweringbehindme[v]tobendlowand/ormovebackwardsbecauseyouarefrightened:Agunwentoffandpeoplecoweredbehindwallsandundertables.Thedogwhimperedandcoweredathisfeet.P22…acowcomesnibblingaroundtheedgeoftheyard~(atsth)totakesmallbitesofsth,especiallyfood:[vn]Wesatdrinkingwineandnibblingolives.[v]Shetooksomecakefromthetrayandnibbledatit.P22kissesmeontheforehead.

v.+sb.+prep.+the+partofthebody他拍了拍我的肩。 Hepattedmeontheshoulder.他抽了那孩子一個(gè)嘴巴。 Hestruckthechildacrosstheface.我用大錘正正地砸進(jìn)小公牛的眉心。 Iknockedthebullcalfstraightinthebrainbetweentheeyeswithasledgehammer.(p.54)我曾經(jīng)喜歡擠奶，直到脅部讓牛角頂了一下。 IusedtolovetomilktillIwashookedintheside. (P.57)v.+sb.+prep.+the+partofthebody她走過來在我額頭上吻了一下。 Shecomesupandkissesmeontheforehead. (p.59)警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbythearm.他當(dāng)胸給了我一拳。 Hegavemeablowonthechest.他在我肚子上打了一拳。 Hegavemeablowinthestomach.P23MeanwhileAsalamalakimisgoingthroughmotionswithMaggie'shand.1(alsoinformalmeantime)whilesomethingelseishappeningBobspentfifteenmonthsaloneonhisyacht.Ann,meanwhile,tookcareofthechildrenonherown.2(alsoinformalmeantime)intheperiodoftimebetweentwotimesortwoeventsThedoctorwillseeyouagainnextweek.Meanwhile,youmustrestasmuchaspossible.P23MeanwhileAsalamalakimisgoingthroughmotionswithMaggie'shand.gothroughthemotions:todosomethingbecauseyouareexpectedtodoitandnotbecauseyouwantto(oftenincontinuoustenses).裝樣子，走過場Billwassupposedtobecleaninguphisroom,buthewasjustgoingthroughthemotions.Afterhiswifedied,hewentthroughthemotionsofliving,withoutfeelingmuchofanything.P23Maggie'shandisaslimpasafishLackingstrengthorfirmness;weakorspiritless:alimphandshakelimpoppositionP23Anyhow,hesoongivesuponMaggie.Toadmitfailureandstoptrying;tostophopingthatsomebody/somethingwillchangeorimprove.他有幾個(gè)月處于昏迷狀態(tài)，醫(yī)生們幾乎對他已不抱希望。 Hehadbeeninastateofunconsciousnessformonthsanddoctorshadalmostgivenuponhim.他對婚姻沒有放棄希望，他仍想挽救它。 Hehasn’tgivenuponthemarriage;hestillwantstosaveit.P25WangeroLeewanikaKemanjoDeeWelsh:nicknameforaswarthyperson,fromWelshdu‘dark’,‘black’.Irish:variantofDaw3.EnglishandScottish:habitationalnamefromasettlementonthebanksoftheriverDeeinCheshireoreitheroftheriverssonamedinScotland.TheoriginofbothoftheseisaCelticwordmeaning‘sacred’,‘goddess’.P25WangeroLeewanikaKemanjoTheseimportantnamesDeebaseshernew-foundidentityonresembleKikuyu(amemberofapeopleofcentralandsouthernKenya)names,buttheyareallmisspelt.WangeroisnotaKikuyuname,butWanjiruis.Thelastofthethreenamesisalsodistorted.ThecorrectKikuyunameisKamenju.ThemiddlenameisnotaKikuyunameatall.OneofmyKikuyuinformantstoldmeheknewaladyfromMalawiwhowascalledLe(e)wanika.P25WangeroLeewanikaKemanjoTherewasakingLewanikainBarotselandinZambiafrom1842-1916.AliceWalkermayhavewanted

Dee"whoknewwhatstylewas"(Para.56)

toassumearoyaltouchasanAfricanprincess.Thenamesarethereforeamixtureofnamesfrommorethanoneethnicgroupandmaybethatisthepoint.DeehasnamesrepresentingthewholeEastAfricanregion.Ormorelikely,sheisconfusedandhasonlysuper