2023學(xué)年完整公開課版【知識解析】Unit 4 Vocabulary Learning

VocabularyLearning—anger【釋義】n.thestateofbeingangry憤怒，怒氣v.tomakesb.angry使發(fā)怒，激怒【例句】Hefoundithardtocontainhisanger.他感到怒不可遏。Heiseasilyangered.他容易動怒?！就~】angryadj.

生氣的Idon’tunderstandwhathe’sangryabout.我不明白他為什么生氣?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖inanger]Shewasshoutinginanger.她怒氣沖沖地喊著。anger/???ɡ?(r)/VocabularyLearning—anxiety【釋義】n.thestateoffeelingnervousorworriedthatsth.badisgoingtohappen焦慮，憂慮，擔(dān)心；astrongfeelingofwantingtodosth.orofwantingsth.tohappen渴望【例句】Mothersfeelanxietywhentheirchildrenaresick.孩子病了母親總是很焦急。Sheexpressedanxietyforanewdictionary.她渴望得到一本新字典?！驹~語辨析】anxiety,concern,worry這組詞都有“焦慮、關(guān)心”的意思，其區(qū)別是：anxiety指對預(yù)料中的不祥之事的焦慮；concern作“關(guān)心”用時，是indifference（冷漠）的反義詞，側(cè)重對他人健康、安全等的關(guān)心，也可暗示對困難、危險或失敗等的憂慮；worry側(cè)重對未知事態(tài)演變的憂慮。anxiety/???za??ti/VocabularyLearning—appropriate【釋義】adj.suitable,acceptableorcorrectfortheparticularcircumstances合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹纠洹縏hisisn’ttheappropriatetimetodiscusstheproblem.這不是討論該問題的合適時間。Herclotheswereappropriatefortheoccasion.她的衣著在那個場合很得體?！痉戳x詞】inappropriateadj.

不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，不合適的Hiscasualbehaviourwaswhollyinappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.他隨便的舉止在這樣正式的場合十分不恰當(dāng)。【常用搭配】[Itis/wasappropriateforsb.todosth.]Itisn’tappropriateformetocommentonit.我不宜對此加以評論。appropriate/??pr??pri?t/VocabularyLearning—approve【釋義】v.tothinkthatsb./sth.isgood,acceptableorsuitable贊成，同意；toofficiallyagreetoaplan,request,etc.批準(zhǔn)，通過（計劃、要求等）【例句】Youcanjointheclassifyourparentsapprove.如果你父母同意，你可以參加這個班。Theministerapprovedthebuildingplan.部長批準(zhǔn)了該建筑計劃?！就~】approvaln.贊同，批準(zhǔn)【常用搭配】[approveof]Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法嗎？【近義詞】agreev.同意approve/??pru?v/VocabularyLearning—ashamed【釋義】adj.feelingshameorembarrassmentaboutsb./sth.慚愧的，羞愧的，尷尬的【例句】Hewasashamedthathehadlied.他很慚愧他說了謊。Whathedidmadeherashamed.他的所做所為使她感到慚愧?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖beashamedtodo]Sheisashamedtoaskforhelp.她不好意思向人求助?！驹~語辨析】ashamed,embarrassedashamed意思是“慚愧”，指自知做了錯事而感到內(nèi)疚；embarrassed意思是“感覺局促不安”，指因為某事使自己顯得愚昧可笑。ashamed/???e?md/VocabularyLearning—assess【釋義】v.tomakeajudgementaboutthenatureorqualityofsb./sth.評估，評定（性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量）【例句】Wewillassessthedamagescausedbytheflood.我們將對洪災(zāi)造成的損失進(jìn)行評估。Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob.我們想評估一下他是否適合這項工作?！就~】assessmentn.評估，估算assessableadj.可評估的【常用搭配】[assessas]I’dassessyourchancesaslow.我估計你的機(jī)會不大?！窘x詞】evaluatev.估計，評價assess/??ses/VocabularyLearning—barely【釋義】adv.inawaythatisjustpossiblebutonlywithdifficulty僅僅，剛剛，勉強(qiáng)可能；inawaythatalmostdoesnothappenorexist幾乎不，幾乎沒有【例句】Ihadbarelyenoughmoneytobuythebook.我手頭的錢勉強(qiáng)夠買這本書。Icouldbarelyhearwhathewassaying.我?guī)缀趼牪灰娝谡f些什么?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖barely…when…]Barelyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.他剛到這兒，她就開始抱怨起來?！驹~語辨析】barely,hardlybarely指僅僅夠，一點不多，強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有多余；hardly指接近最低限度，差不多沒有多余，強(qiáng)調(diào)困難和程度。barely/?be?li/VocabularyLearning—bother【釋義】v.tospendtimeand/orenergydoingsth.花費時間精力（做某事）；toannoy,worryorupsetsb;tocausesbtroubleorpain使（某人）煩惱（或擔(dān)憂、不安），給（某人）造成麻煩（或痛苦）；tointerruptsb.打擾n.troubleordifficulty麻煩，困難；anannoyingsituation,thingorperson令人煩惱的情況（或事物、人）【例句】Theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks.那問題已經(jīng)困擾了我?guī)讉€星期。Iamafraiditwasabotherforyoutodothis.恐怕做這件事太麻煩你了?！就~】bothersomeadj.麻煩的【詞語辨析】trouble,bothertrouble指給人在行動上帶來不便或在身心上造成痛苦；bother指使人煩惱而引起的緊張不安或感到不耐煩。bother/?b?e?(r)/VocabularyLearning—breakdown【基本用法】breakdown有多種意思，意為“出故障，出毛病，壞掉；失敗，破裂；（身體，健康）被搞垮，垮掉；分解”Theircarbrokedown.他們的車子出故障了。Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.工作的壓力把她的身體弄垮了。Thisquestioncanbebrokendownintotwoparts.這個問題可以分為兩個部分。breakdown出故障；失??；垮掉；分解【拓展】breakin的意思為“破門而入；打斷”。Lastnightathiefbrokeinandstoleawayhiscamera.昨夜一個小偷闖了進(jìn)來，偷走了他的相機(jī)。Hebrokeinwithsomeideasofhisown.

他插了話，說了說自己的一些看法。VocabularyLearning—callon【基本用法】callon的意思為“訪問，拜訪；要求，號召，呼吁；邀請”。I’mgoingtocallononeofmyoldclassmates.我要去看望我的一位老同學(xué)。Hecalledontheworkerstofightfortheirrights.他號召工人為爭取自己的權(quán)利而斗爭。You’dbettercallonyourfriendstohelpyou.你最好請朋友來幫你。callon訪問，拜訪；要求，號召，呼吁；邀請【拓展】callon和callat的意思一樣，都是“拜訪”“訪問”，但callon后接表示人的名詞或代詞，callat后接表示地點或場所的詞。Icalledonthedoctoryesterday.我昨天去拜訪了醫(yī)生。Icalledatthedoctor’syesterday.我昨天去了醫(yī)務(wù)室。VocabularyLearning—clarify【釋義】v.tomakesth.cleareroreasiertounderstand使更清晰易懂，闡明，澄清【例句】Theteacher’sexplanationclarifiedthepuzzlingproblem.老師的解釋闡明了這個難題。Heissuedastatementtoclarifythesituation.他發(fā)表了一項聲明以澄清情況。【同根詞】clarityn.明晰，清楚clarificationn.澄清，說明【詞語辨析】clarify,interpret,explain這組詞都有“說明”的意思，其區(qū)別是：clarify指把已發(fā)生的事件、情況和現(xiàn)狀說清楚；interpret著重以特殊的知識、經(jīng)驗來解釋難理解的事情；explain含義廣，最普通用詞，指把某事向原來不了解、不清楚的人解釋明白、說清楚等。clarify/?kl?r?fa?/VocabularyLearning—conflict【釋義】n.astateof

disagreement

or

argument

betweenpeople,groups,countriesetc(意見等的)抵觸，沖突，矛盾；fightingorawar武裝沖突；戰(zhàn)斗；戰(zhàn)爭v.iftwoideas,beliefs,opinionsetcconflict,theycannotexisttogetherorbothbetrue抵觸，沖突，矛盾【例句】Marxpointsoutthepotentialconflictsbelowthesurfaceofsociety.馬克思指出了隱藏在社會表層之下的潛在矛盾。

Foryearstheregionhasbeentornapartbyarmedconflicts.多年來這一地區(qū)被武裝沖突搞得四分五裂?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖+withsth.]

Ihavefoundnewevidencewhichconflictswithpreviousfindings.我已經(jīng)找到與先前的發(fā)現(xiàn)相矛盾的新證據(jù)。conflict/?k?nfl?kt/VocabularyLearning—contrast【釋義】n.anobviousdifferencebetweentwoormorethings差別，差異v.tocomparetwopeopleorthingsinordertoshowthedifferencesbetweenthem對照，對比【例句】There’samarkedcontrastbetweenhischaracterandhers.他的性格與她形成了鮮明對比。Ifyoucontrastsomeofherearlywritingwithherlaterwork,youcanseejusthowmuchsheimproved.如果你對比一下她的早期作品和后期的作品，就會看出她進(jìn)步有多大?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖by+...]Theprivatesector,bycontrast,hasplentyofmoneytospend.私營部門相比之下有很多錢可花?！就x詞】distinctionn.區(qū)別，差別【同根詞】contrastingadj.非凡，引人注目contrast/k?ntrɑ?st/VocabularyLearning—differ【釋義】v.tobedifferentfromsomethinginsomeway不同，不一樣，有區(qū)別【例句】Idifferfromyouincharacter.我與你在性格方面非常不同。Idifferwithhimonhowtosolvetheproblem.對于如何解決問題，我跟他的意見不一致?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖+in]Peopledifferintheirattitudestowardsfailure.人們對失敗持有不同的態(tài)度?！居洃洝縟if分開+fer帶來，拿來→分開帶→不同【同根詞】different不同的；differently不同地；difference差異，不同differ/'d?f?/

VocabularyLearning—distinguish【釋義】v.torecognizethedifferencebetweentwopeopleorthings區(qū)分，辨別，分清；tobeacharacteristicthatmakestwopeople,animalsorthingsdifferent成為……的特征，使具有……的特色，使有別于【例句】Shecandistinguishthembytheirvoices.她可以通過他們的聲音辨認(rèn)出他們。Whatwasitthatdistinguishedherfromherclassmates?是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢？【同根詞】distinctadj.有區(qū)別的，顯著的distinctionn.區(qū)別，差別【常用搭配】[bedistinguishedfor]Heisdistinguishedforhissenseofhumour.他以其幽默感著稱。distinguish/d??st??ɡw??/VocabularyLearning—embarrassed【釋義】adj.shy,awkwardorashamed,especiallyinasocialsituation（尤指在社交場合）窘迫的，尷尬的，害羞的【例句】I’veneverfeltsoembarrassedinmylife!我一生中從未感到如此難堪過！Heisembarrassedbecausehemadeamistake.他因為弄錯而顯得很窘。【同根詞】embarrassv.使尷尬；embarrassingadj.令人難堪的；embarrassmentn.尷尬，難堪【常用搭配】[beembarrassedabout]Iwasembarrassedaboutforgettinghisname.我把他的名字忘了，感到尷尬?！窘x詞】awkwardadj.令人尷尬的，使人難堪的embarrassed/?m?b?r?st/VocabularyLearning—employ【釋義】v.togivesb.ajobtodoforpayment雇用；tousesth.suchasaskill,method,etc.foraparticularpurpose應(yīng)用，運用，使用【例句】Thecompanyemploys18workers.該公司雇用18位職工。Heemployshistimewisely.他善于利用時間?！就~】employeen.雇員；employern.雇主【詞語辨析】employ,hire這組詞都有“雇用”的意思，其區(qū)別是：employ正式用詞，側(cè)重受雇者雖為薪金而工作，但工作固定共享有相當(dāng)尊嚴(yán)；hire普通用詞，常指短期或長期雇用某人從事某一特定工作或一次性的工作，含強(qiáng)調(diào)為薪金而工作的意味。employ/?m?pl??/VocabularyLearning—favour【釋義】v.topreferonesystem,plan,wayofdoingsth.,etc.toanother較喜歡；toprovidesuitableconditionsforaparticularperson,group,etc.有助于，有利于n.athingthatyoudotohelpsb.幫助，恩惠；approvalorsupportforsb./sth.贊同，支持【例句】Shealwaysfavoursheryoungestchild.她總是偏愛她最小的孩子。Thegovernmentfavourstheplan.政府支持這項計劃?！就~】favourableadj.有利的【常用搭配】[dosb.afavour]Wouldyoupleasedomeafavour,Ben?本，你能幫我個忙嗎？favour/?fe?v?(r)/VocabularyLearning—identical【釋義】adj.similarineverydetail完全同樣的，相同的【例句】Yourappearanceisidenticaltohers.你的相貌和她的一模一樣。Herdressisalmostidenticaltomine.她的連衣裙和我的幾乎一模一樣。【同根詞】identityn.身份；identifyv.確定，鑒定【詞語辨析】identical,like,similaridentical語氣最強(qiáng)，可指同一個人或物，也可指數(shù)個人或物之間完全沒有差別；like普通用詞，含義廣泛，指多個或全部特性都相似，但并非同一個，也可指在某個特殊的偶然相似；similar強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的人或事物之間完全或部分相似，暗示可暫不考慮或無視其差異之處。identical/a??dent?kl/VocabularyLearning—imply【釋義】v.expresssth.Indirectly暗示，暗指；tomakeitseemlikelythatsth.istrueorexists說明，表明【例句】Theteacher’ssmileimpliedthatshehadforgivenme.老師的微笑暗示著她已經(jīng)原諒了我。Hissilenceimpliedagreement.他沉默不語意味著同意了?！就~】impliedadj.暗指的，暗示的【詞語辨析】imply,suggest這組詞都有“暗示”的意思，其區(qū)別是：imply側(cè)重指話語、行為或情景中的一種暗示，聽者或讀者必須加以邏輯推斷才能領(lǐng)會。suggest指有意或無意的，直接或間接暗示，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的表征等使人引起聯(lián)想。imply/?m?pla?/VocabularyLearning—inference【釋義】n.theactorprocessofforminganopinion,basedonwhathasalreadyknown推斷，推理，推論【例句】Heinsistedthatourinferencewasallwrong.他硬說我們的推論完全錯了。Thereweretwoinferencestobedrawnfromherletter.從她的來信可以得到兩種推論?！就~】inferv.推斷，推論【常用搭配】[makeinferences]Ahumancansometimesmakeinferencesbasedonpreviousknowledge.人們有時可以根據(jù)前面的知識進(jìn)行推斷?！窘x詞】conclusionn.結(jié)論inference/??nf?r?ns/VocabularyLearning—interaction【釋義】n.akindofactionthatoccursastwoormoreobjectshaveaneffectupononeanother交流，互動【例句】Peoplegetjobsatisfactionfromdifferentfactors,suchassocialinteractionwithcolleagues.人們從工作中得到不同方面的滿足，比如同事之間的相互交流?！就~】interactv.互動，相互作用；interactiveadj.交互的，互動的【常用搭配】[interactionbetween]Thereisaneedformoreinteraction

betweenteachersandstudents.老師與學(xué)生之間需要更多的交流。interaction/??nt?r??k?(?)n/VocabularyLearning—interpret【釋義】v.

tobelievethatsomethingsomeonedoesorsomethingthathappenshasaparticularmeaning把……理解為toexplainthemeaningofsomething解釋，闡釋【例句】

Hisrefusaltoworklatewasinterpretedasalackofcommitmenttothecompany.他拒絕加班被認(rèn)為是對公司缺少奉獻(xiàn)精神。

Freudattemptedtointerpretthemeaningofdreams.弗洛伊德嘗試解釋夢的含義?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖interpretsth.assth.]The

statement

was

interpreted

asa

threat

againstthe

United

States.該聲明被解讀為對美國的威脅?！就~】interpretationn.解釋interpret/?n?t??pr?t

/VocabularyLearning—lower【釋義】v.letorbringdown,causetobedown,makelesshigh降低adj.locatedbelowsth.else,especiallysth.ofthesametype,ortheotherofapair下面的，下方的；lesshighinposition,rank,ororder較低的【例句】Canyoulowerthosebrightlightsalittle?你能把那些燈的亮度減弱一點嗎？Thelowerdeckismoreconvenient.下層甲板更方便些。【常用搭配】[loweroneself]Ihopeyouwouldn’tloweryourselfbycheatingintheexamination.我希望你不會在考試中作弊而降低你的人格。【近義詞】inferioradj.低等的，下級的lower/'l???(r)/VocabularyLearning—merely【釋義】adv.only,simply只是，僅僅，只不過【例句】Sheismerelyachild.她只不過是個孩子。Hesaidnothing,merelysmiledandwatchedher.他什么也沒說，只是微笑著看著她?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖notmerely]Itisnotmerelyajob,butawayoflife.這不僅僅是一份工作，而且是一種生活方式?！窘x詞】only,simplyThisclubisformembersonly.這家俱樂部只對會員開放。Youcanenjoyallthewatersports,orsimplylieonthebeach.你可以進(jìn)行所有的水上運動，或只是躺在沙灘上。merely/?m??li/VocabularyLearning—occupy【釋義】vt.tofilloruseaspace,anareaoranamountoftime.占用，占去（空間、面積、時間）【例句】Footballoccupiesmostofmyleisuretime.足球占去了我大部分的閑暇時間。Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.床似乎占去了大半個屋子。【常用搭配】[+sbwith(sth/doingsth).]Sheoccupiedherselfwithroutineofficetasks.她忙于辦公室的日常工作?！就~】occupiedadj.

忙于……的；感興趣的Allthenewtoyskeptthekidsoccupiedforhours.這些新玩具讓孩子們興致勃勃地玩了好幾個小時。occupy/?ɑkj?pa?/VocabularyLearning—perceive【釋義】v.tonoticeorbecomeawareofsth.注意到，意識到，察覺到；tounderstandorthinkofsb./sth.inaparticularway將……理解為，將……視為，認(rèn)為【例句】IperceivedthatIcouldnotmakehimchangehismind.我意識到我不能使他改變主意。Theyperceivetelevisionasentertainment.他們將電視視為娛樂?！就~】perceptionn.理解，看法，感知perceptibleadj.可查覺的，可感知的【常用搭配】[perceive…as…]Shedidnotperceiveherselfasdisabled.她沒有把自己看成殘疾人。perceive/p??si?v/VocabularyLearning—react【釋義】v.tochangeorbehaveinaparticularwayasaresultoforinresponsetosth.起反應(yīng)，（對……）作出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)；tobecomeill/sickaftereating,breathing,etc.（對食物等）有不良反應(yīng)，過敏【例句】Hewasslowtoreact.他反應(yīng)遲鈍。Peoplecanreactbadlytocertainfood.人們會對某些食品嚴(yán)重過敏?！就~】reactionn.反應(yīng)reactiveadj.反應(yīng)的【常用搭配】[reactto]Howdidtheaudiencereacttohisremarks?聽眾對他的講話反應(yīng)如何？react/r???kt/VocabularyLearning—reliable【釋義】adv.thatcanbetrustedtodosomethingwell,thatyoucanrelyon可信賴的，可靠的【例句】Itisdifficulttoobtainreliableevidence.很難獲得可靠的證據(jù)。Judgingbytheordinarystandards,hewasreliable.用一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，他是可信賴的。Dogsareman’sreliablefriends.狗是人類可靠的朋友?！就~】relyv.依賴，依靠

reliabilityn.可靠性【近義詞】credibleadj.可信的，可靠的dependableadj.可信賴的，可靠的trustworthyadj.可信賴的，可靠的reliable/r??la??b(?)l/VocabularyLearning—reveal【釋義】v.tomakesth.knowntosb.揭示，顯示，透露【例句】Herlaughrevealedhereventeeth.她一笑露出了她那整齊的牙齒。Onedaythetruthabouttheseeventswillberevealed.這些事件的真相總有一天會大白的?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖revealto]The