2022年湖南省長沙市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級

2022年湖南省長沙市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Exceptforphysicalfitness,healthalsoinvolves______.

2.

ThenativeanimalsthateatGMcropsmightbepoisonedby______.

3.

Thelarge-scaleraidin2005indicatesthatthesocialorderisamessinHolland.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HappyEarthDay

TheGoodNews

Here'sthegoodnews:ourairiscleaner,ourlakesarepurer,ourforestsarehealthier,endangeredspeciesarerecovering,toxicemissionsaredown,andacidrainhasdiminisheddramatically.Andyet,ifyou'velookedatanewspaperorwatchedtheeveningnewslately,youmightthinkourenvironmentisundersiege(圍攻).Mediacoverageoftheenvironmentisheavyondoomsday,butthetruthisnotatallbreak:nearlyallenvironmentaltrendsintheUnitedStatesarepositiveandhavebeenforyears--ifnetdecades.

Eco-legislation,greenorganizations,corporatecooperationandnewinventionshaveallquietlysteeredourenvironmentinapositivedirection.Wecan'taffordtobecomplacent(自滿的),though--especiallywhenitcomestogreenhousegases,sinceglobalwarmingistheonehugeproblemwehaven'treallytackled.Butalmosteverymeasuretakenbygovernmentagenciesandgrass-rootseffortstnimprovetheenvironmenthasshownencouragingresults--usuallyfasterthanexpectedandatalowercost.Nowthat'sgoodnews.

Scientistsandenvironmentaliststhinkthateventheworrisomefactofglobalwarmingcanbeameliorated(改善).Thereisastrongscientificconsensusthattheglobalwarmingthreatrequiresaction,butifcurrentenvironmentaltrendspersistandthereductionofmostpollutantscontinuestobeaccomplishedfasterandmorecheaplythanexpected,wemaybeabletocontrolandreducegreenhousegasesinbothaffordableandpracticalways.

ConsidersomeoftheenvironmentalimprovementstheUnitedStateshaswitnessedoverthelastthreedecades.

ImprovedAirQuality

Takeanice,bigcleansingbreath.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,emissionsoftheprimarysmog-causingchemicalsfromcarsandtruckshavedeclined54percentsince1970,eventhoughthenumberofregisteredcarsandtruckshasmorethandoubled,from108,407,000to230,428,000,andtheyarenowdrivenoneandahalftimesasfarannually.

Keepbreathing,becausethefineparticulateslinkedtorespiratorydisease,includingthosesometimesseenassoot(煤煙),aredownbyaboutone-thirdsince1979(thoughfewercitiesweresurveyedbackthen).Thelevelofcarbonmonoxide,adangerousodorlessgas,isdown53percentsince1970.Andemissionsofsulfurdioxide,oftenthemajorculpritbehindacidrain,aredown49percentsince1970,despitethefactthattheUnitedStatesnowbumsfarmorecoal,themainsourceofthispollutant.

TheseimprovementshavetranslatedintobetterairqualityformillionsofAmericans.Between1976and1990,theLosAngelesareaaveragedsome150daysperyearinviolationoffederalsmogstandards;in2004,thatfiguredroppedtojust27violationdays,thefewesteverforthatcity.

And,incaseyouarewondering,federalstandardshavebecomestricter;notweaker,duringthisperiod.Ofcourse,thereismoretobedone-27smogdaysinLosAngelesarestill27toomany,andAtlanta,Houstonandothercitiescontinuetoexperienceair-pollutionproblems.Butoverall,air-qualitytrendsarestronglypositive.Now,exhale.

BetterWaterQuality

Otherenvironmentaltrendsareequallyencouraging.Waterqualityhasimproved,too,andratesofwaterbornediseasearealsoindecline.It'shardtobelieve,butjustagenerationago,factoriesandmunicipalpla

A.Globalwarming.

B.Acidmin.

C.Toxicemission.

D.Environment.

5.

BernicediscardedthemealsdeliveredbyMealsonWheels,believing______.

6.

Differentfromanimals,thetreesinfluencetheearth'satmosphereby______.

A.expellingcarbondioxidefromtheirleaves

B.expellingoxygenfromtheirleaves

C.directlyreducetheblanketofgases

D.turningsomecarbondioxideintolignin

7.

Whydoesthepassagesayanxietyispartofthe"fightorflight"mechanism?

A.Anxietyisanorganofourbodyorpartofourbody.

B.Anxietyisawarningforyoutofightortoescapefromdanger.

C.Anxietykeptpeoplealivewhenindanger.

D.Anxietyisacarry-overfromourancientancestors

8.

Theauthorrealizedthatworkinglongerhoursatoffice______.

A.resultedinmoreaccomplishment

B.wasoftendemandedbytheboss

C.couldhelpimproveefficiency

D.wasanextremelyfoolishidea

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotabigadvantageofswimmingaccordingtothepassage?

A.Waterreducesthepressureonpeople'sjoints.

B.Swimmingworksmostofthemajormuscles.

C.Watercangreatlyincreasepeople'sfitness.

D.Swimmingcanburnthefatquiteeffectively.

10.

AlargesumofmoneymustbespentonLyubomirsky'sresearchbecauseitneedstotracealotofpeople______.

11.

Dihydrogenmonoxideisaverydangerouschemical,whichisoftenusedasanindustrialsolvent.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Prisontermstobeservedonweekendsonlyare______.

13.

Bennerandhisteamhypothesizedthatduplicationoftheancestralgeneoccurrednearthetime______.

14.

Theargumentfordesigninglanguagesforbadprogrammersisthat______.

15.

In1992,employmentinthemanufacturingsectionwas______.

16.

Infat-burningexercise,oneofthemostimportantgoalisto_____.

17.

Newtonwasverycreativeinthinkingandsolvingproblemswhenhewasalittleboy.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Somepeople'spowertosatisfyhisorherurgetoeatcanbeenhancedby______.

19.

Thedominantpartinthenextsociety'sworkforceis

20.

Mr.Bellavance,wasalwaysoptimisticduringtheperiodofunemployment.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B10】

22.(44)

23.(26)

A.Sheisn'tthereinthemorning.

B.Herassistantisn'tthereinthemorning.

C.Shewon'thavetheformsheneedsuntiltheafternoon.

D.Sheisn'tasbusyintheafternoon.

24.(35)

A.Someoldform.ofidealworld.

B.Adventuresinocean.

C.Predictingdevelopmentintechnologyandtheireffectsonsociety.

D.Futureworldswhichhavenothingincommonwithourworld.

25.(21)

A.1000.B.100.C.200.D.2000.

26.聽力原文：EvenatschooltherehadbeenanunhealthycompetitionbetweenGeorgeandRichard.

"I'llbethefirstmillionaireinColeford!"Richardusedtoboast.

"Andyou'llbesorryyouknewme,"Georgewouldreply,"becauseI'llbethebestlawyerinthetown!"

GeorgeneverdidbecomealawyerandRichardnevermadeanymoney.InsteadbothmenopenedbookshopsonoppositesidesofColefordHighStreet.Itwashardtomakemoneyfrombooks,whichmadethecompetitionbetweenthemworse.

ThenRichardmarriedamysteriousgirl.Thecouplespenttheirhoneymoononthecoast-butRichardnevercameback.Thepolicefoundhiswalletonadesertedbeachbutthebodywasneverfound.Hemusthavedrowned.

Nowwithonlyonebookshopintown,businesswasbetterforGeorge.Butsometimeshesatinhisnarrow,oldkitchenandgazedoutofthedirtywindow,thinkingabouthisformerrival.Perhapshemissedhim?

Georgewasveryinterestedinolddictionaries.He'drecentlyfoundacollectorinAustraliawhowassellingararefirstedition.Whentheparcelarrived,thebookwasinperfectconditionandGeorgewasdelighted.Butwhilehewashavinglunch,Georgeglancedatthephotointhenewspaperthatthebookhadbeenwrappedin.Hewasastonished-thesmilingfacewasolderthanherememberedbutunmistakable!Trembling,Georgestartedreading.

"BookendshaveboughttenbookstoresfromtheirrivalsDylans.Thecompany,ownedbymultimillionaireRichardPike,isnowthelargestbooksellerinAustralia."

26．WhatdowelearnaboutGeorgeandRichardwhentheywereatschool?

27.HowdidGeorgefeelaboutRichardafterhisdisappearance?

28.WheredidGeorgegetinformationaboutRichard?

29.WhathappenedtoGeorgeandRichardintheend?

(33)

A.Theywereroommates.

B.Theyweregoodfriends.

C.Theywerecompetitors.

D.Theywerebooksellers.

27.聽力原文：F:Hello!ThisisProfGates'office.I'mcallingtoremindyouofyour4:15appointmentwiththeprofessortodiscussyourtermpapertomorrow.

M:Oh,thanks.It'sagoodthingthatyoucalled,Ithoughtitwas4:15today.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Hedidn'tmaketheappointmentwiththeprofessor.

B.Hetotallyforgetsabouttheappointment.

C.Hewouldprobablygototheprofessor'sofficetodayifthewomandidn'tcallhim.

D.Hethoughtheappointmentwas4:50.

28.【B3】

29.(22)

A.Payforthelostbooks.

B.Reconfirmwiththelibrarythatthebookswerereturned.

C.Checktoseeifthebooksarestillatherhome.

D.ChecktoseeifthebooksareatHenzer'splace.

30.【B8】

31.聽力原文：F:Canyouhelpme?Idon'tknowwhereIamonthismap.AndIdon'tknowwheretheStudentsUnionis.

M:Ithinkit'sinThompsonHail.I'mheadingthatwaynow.

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

(15)

A.Hewillshowherthewayonthemap.

B.Hewilltakehertothepoliceoffice.

C.Hewilltakehertoherdestinationhimself.

D.Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.

32.

【B3】

33.(25)

A.Knowthelimitofyourtemper.

B.Tellthemdon'tdothesamethingsagain.

C.Givethemrewardtobehavewell.

D.Pretendtobeunawareofwhathappened.

34.

【B6】

35.聽力原文：M:IamjustwritingMaryaboutourvacation.Whydon'tyouenclosethispictureofusinfrontoftheGrandCanyon?

W:Don'tyouthinkit'salittleoutoffocus?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(13)

A.Thephotographisnotgoodenoughtosend.

B.ThephotographwasnottakenattheGrandCanyon.

C.TheyalreadysentMaryaphotographoftheirvacation.

D.Sendingpicturesthroughthemailistooexpensive.

36.(29)

A.Rudeness.B.Nervousness.C.Ignorance.D.Convention.

37.(36)

A.Becausetheyhaveto.

B.Becausetheywantto.

C.Becausetheirchildrenwantthemto.

D.Becausetheydon'tknowhowtospendtheirsparetime.

38.

【B9】

39.(24)

A.Becauseshewantstostudyforatest.

B.Becauseshewantstogoswimmingatthestudentcenter.

C.Becauseshehastodoresearchinthelibrary.

D.Becausesheisnotinterestedintheman.

40.(28)

A.Shemeanttoaskthecrewwheretheladieslavatorywas.

B.ShewantedtowatchTV.

C.Shetookitfortheladies'lavatory.

D.Shewantedtotalktothecaptain.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

FromDrRattan'spointofview,theresultsofcalorierestrictionintheCALERIEstudy______.

A.weredoubtablewhethertheywerevalidornot

B.didnotshowtheeffectinpreventingage-relateddiseases

C.failedtoprovetheeffectinincreasingaveragelifespan

D.couldnottestifytheeffectinchangingmaximumlifespan

42.Itistreeaboutthemediamentionedinthepassagethatthey______.

A.usedtosellandbuyeachotheringreatnumbers

B.aretradingeachotheringreaternumberstoday

C.usedtobecontrolledbytwonetworks--ABCandNBC

D.havestoppedthetrendofacquisitionsinthe1990s

43.Nowadaysintheschools______.

A.self-esteemisemphasizedastheultimategoalofone'spursuit

B.theself-esteemmovementhaslostitsmomentum

C.theideaofself-esteemboostsrealachievement

D.emphasisinself-esteemhelpstopromotetheideaofequality

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Theethical(倫理的)behavior.inindustrializedcountrieshasbeenputunderpressure.DuringthelastyearinNorwaywehaveseencaseswherelargefoodcompaniespaydistributorstokeepawaycompetitorsandsupplierspayingpersonalbenefitstomanagersofshopstogetownproductsbetterpromotedandpositionedintheshops.Theareaswheretheethicsdoesnotmanagetosetfairlimits,thelawmakersgetunderpressuretogivenewlawstocopewiththeunfairbehavior.

Theexamplesmentionedhavebeengivengoodcoverageinthemedia.However,anotherareawithquiteanotherdimensioniscontinuouslyrunningwithoutlargereportsinthemedia.InthisareaoneindividualiskilledunnecessarilynearlyeverythirddayalltheyearroundinNorway.Thecoveragemaybeapictureinthelocalnewspaper.Isthisduetounethicalbehavior.ormaybeduetothelackofactionbytherealresponsiblebodythatthiskillingisgoingonandon,yearafteryear?Arethekillingsonourroadsjustaccidentswehavetoacceptduetothedriversownactions?

WhatcouldbedoneiftheresponsiblebodyinrealitywantedtoimprovethesafetyonNorwegianroads?Maybethepossibleactionsasfollowsarehelpful.

Alarge-scaleprofessionalcampaignisneededfortrafficsafetyontheroads.Thecampaignwouldhavetobeperformedbyhighlyprofessionalpromotivecompaniesthroughallnormalcanalsaspapers,radio,TV,etc.Also,wewillestablishacampaignperson"Rusken"."Rusken"hasallthebadattitudesrelatedtoroadsafety.Nooneshouldwanttobea"Rusken".Thechildrenorwife/husbandinthecarshouldnotwanttohavea"Rusken"driver.Thesafesmoothdrivingshouldbetheaimforeverybodyontheroad.

Anannualcompetitioncouldbeintroducedandconnectedwithan"Oscar"prizeforthecarmodelhavingleastinjured.Paralleltothisanegative"Oscar"couldbegiventothecarmodelhavingrelativelythehighestnumberofinjuriesduringthelastyear.Clearcriteriaforbestandworsthavetobeestablishedinadvance.TheinjurystatisticsrelatedtocarmodelscouldbemadeopenavailableonInternet.

Inadditiontocarmodels,themedia,thejournalistandthepromotiveagencyhavinggiventhebestattitudetowardssafedrivingduringthelastyearshouldgettheir"Oscar"aswell.Theworstinrelationtoroadsafetycouldgetanegative"Oscar".

Ihetrafficisnotdone,themainresponsibilityforthisislyingwithintheParliamentandtheDepartmentofTransport.Themediamayhelptoputtheagendaonthetable.Themedia,however,ispartlypaidbytheadvertisementsfromthecarindustry.Thisillustratesthegeneralethicalproblembetweenmoneyandothervaluesinthesociety.

Theethicalbehavior.refersto______.

A.theindustrializedcountries'policy

B.thelawinNorway

C.thefaircompetitionincommerce

D.themanagersoffoodfactories

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Abouttenmenineveryhundredsufferfromcolorblindnessinsomeway;womenareluckieronlyaboutoneintwohundredisaffectedinthismanner.Therearedifferentformsofcolorblindness.Amanmaynotbeabletoseedeepred.Hemaythinkthatred,orangeandyellowareallshadesofgreen.Sometimesapersoncannottellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.Inrarecasesanunluckymanmayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen--astrangeworldindeed.

Incertainoccupationscolorblindnesscanbedangerousandcandidatesaretestedmostcarefully.Forexample,whenfightingatnight,soldiersuselightsofflarestosignaltoeachother.Agreenlightmaymean"Advance"andaredlightmaymean"Danger!Keepback!"Youcanseewhatwillhappenifsomebodythinksthatredisgreen!Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisastrangethingtoexplain.Inasingleeyetherearemillionsofverysmallthingscalled"cones".Thesehelptoseeinabrightlightandtotellthedifferencebetweencolors.Therearealsomillionsof"rods"buttheseareusedforseeingwhenitisnearlydark.Theyshowusshapebutnotcolor.Waituntilitisdarktonight,andthengooutside.Lookroundyouandtrytoseewhatcolorsyoucanrecognize.

Birdsandanimalswhichhuntatnighthaveeyeswhichcontainfewornoconesatall,sotheycannotseecolors.Asfarasweknow,batsandadultowlscannotseccolorsatallonlylightanddarkshapes.Similarlycatsanddogscannotseecolorsaswellaswecan.

Insectscanseeultra-violetrayswhichareinvisibletous,andsomeofthemcanevenseeX-rays.Thewingsofamothmayseemgrayanddulltous,buttoinsectstheymayappearbeautiful,showingcolorswhichwecannotsee.Scientistsknowthatthereareothercolorsarounduswhichinsectscanseebutwhichwecannotsee.Someinsectshavefavoritecolors.Mosquitoeslikeblue,butdonotlikeyellow.Aredlightwillnotattractinsectsbutabluelampwill.

Accordingtothepassage,colorblindnesscanbedangerousincertainoccupationslike______.

46.

Whatisthe"greenhouseworlds"?

47.

Whatdoeshumansocietydependontomakeprogressaccordingtotheauthor?

48.

Accordingtothepassage,insectscansee______whichhumanscan'tsee.

49.

Theauthorwasmostcriticalofshareholdersbecausetheywereunawareof______.

50.

【C5】

51.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardswestwardexpansionis______.

A.stronglycondemning

B.mildlycriticizing

C.indifferent

D.supporting

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

BasicEnglishisEnglishmadesimplebylimitingthenumberofitswordsto850,andbycuttingdowntherulesforusingthemtothesmallestnumbernecessaryfortheclearstatementsofideas.Andthisisdonewithoutchangeinthenormalorderandbehavior.ofthesewordsineverydayEnglish.Thisisthefirstpointtomakeclear.BasicEnglishhasonly850wordsanditsrules,butitkeepstotheregularformsofEnglish.Andthoughitisdesignedtogivethelearneraslittletroubleaspossible,itisnomorestrangetotheeyesofitsreadersthantheselines,whichare,infact,inBasicEnglish.

ThesecondpointtomakeclearisthatevenwithsosmallawordlistandsosimpleastructureitispossibletosayinBasicEnglishanythingneededforthegeneralpurposesofeverydayexistence—inbusiness,trade,industry,science,medicalwork—inalltheartsofliving,inalltheexchangesofknowledge,desires,beliefs,opinions,andnews,whicharethechiefworkofalanguage.Itistruethatifwegooutsidethefieldofgeneralinterestsandintospecialbranchesofthesciences,theartsorthetrades,weshallhavetohaveotherwords,notlistedamongthe850.Butthesensesoftheseotherwordsmaybemadeclearinfootnoteswiththe850,byteachinggiventhroughBasicEnglish,ortheymaybeseenintheGeneralBasicEnglishDictionary,which,usingonlythebasicwords,givesthesensesoftwentythousandwords.InthiswayBasicEnglishbecomesaframeworkinwhichwordsneededforspecialpurposestaketheirplace,andfromandthroughwhichtheytaketheirsenses.Aknowledgeofthe850andoftherulesbywhichtheyareputtogetherisenough,however,fortalkandwritingonalleverydaygenerallevels.Itwouldbeclearbutnotverybrightreading.Thesameword—becausethereareonly850ofthem—wouldkeepcomingbackagainandagain.AreaderwhohastherestoftheEnglishLanguagemaygetalittletiredofBasicWritingafteratime.

ThethirdmostimportantpointaboutBasicEnglishisthatitisnotmerelyalistofwords,governedbyaminimumapparatusofessentialEnglishGrammar,butahighlyorganizedsystemdesignedthroughouttobeaseasyaspossibleforalearnerwhoistotallyignorantofEnglishorofanyrelatedlanguage.Itisalanguageforalltheworld,notjustforthosewhohappentohavesomerelatedlanguageastheirmothertongue.

Whatdoes"theselines"inParagraph1referto?

53.Scientistsarenotthinkingofusingmusselstoproducethesupergluemainlybecauseof______.

A.thepossiblemass-productionofthesuperglue

B.theirconcernaboutthecostofcollectingmussels

C.theirconcernabouttheextinctionofthespecies

D.theworld'slimiteddemandforthesuperglue

54.Scientificconsensusisararething.Buttheexpertsagreealmostunanimouslyononething—humankindischangingtheearth'snaturalenvironment,andquickly.Asanexpandingglobalpopulationspreadseverfurtheraroundtheglobe,habitats(棲息地)arebeingdestroyedtomakeroomformushroomingtownsandcities,allthewhileconsumingmoreandmoreoilandotherfossilfuels.

Inmanywayshumanshaveneverhaditsogood:averagegloballifeexpectancyhasshotupbyalmost20yearsinthepasthalf-century,mostcountriesaregettingricherbythedayandmedicalsciencehasbeatenscoresofpreviouslyfatalconditions.Andyetthereareincreasingfearsthatthishuman-dominatedphaseoftheearth'slonghistorydocsmuchharmtotheearth.ThestatisticscompiledbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,orUNEP,canmakefordepressingreading.Speciesarebecomingextinctataspeedaround100timesfasterthanwouldhappennaturally.Almosthalftheworld'soriginalforests—thehabitatwhichsupportsaroundtwo-thirdsofthewildlife—hasdisappearedin.thepastthreedecades.Farminglandiseatenbydesertsaround30timesfasterthaneverbeforeseen,whileairpollutionisthoughttokill50,000annuallyintheUnitedStates.

Mostseriouslyofall,theclimateappearstobechanging.Thebillionoftonsofcarbondioxidepumpedintotheearth'satmosphereannually,alongwithotherso-calledgreenhousegases,iscausingtheearthtoheatup,virtuallyallenvironmentalscientistsagree.Suchachangewouldhaveawiderangeofimpactsonthenaturalworldandhumansociety.

Environmentalcampaigners—joinedbyincreasingnumbersofpoliticians—wanturgentaction."Wereallyshouldbeveryalarmedasaglobalcommunity,"saysTonyJuniper,directorofgreengroupFriendsoftheEarth,"Westillhavetimetodosomethingaboutthesethings,buttimeisnowextremelyshort.Thereisanincreasinglyconfidentassessmentaboutthelikelihoodoftheconsequencesofglobalclimatechange,andthetimescalesthatwehavetodealwithit."

Theinternationalresponsehasbeenmixed.The1997Kyotoprotocol(協(xié)議)committedindustrializednationstocuttheircombinedgreenhousegasemissionsbelow1990levelsby2008-12,butwasunderminedaftertheUnitedStates,thebiggestglobalpolluter,declinedtoapprovethedeal.WashingtonopposedKyoto'smethodsratherthanitsaims.Itacknowledgedsomethingneedstobedone,callingforthecountrytocureitsaddictiontooil.Whatevertheconsensusondiagnosis,thereislittleagreementonaction,somethingtheUNEPwarnsmustchange.Totackleglobalwarming,itwarnsthatonlyafundamentalchangeinlifestyle.andeconomy,withasignificantmoderationintheconsumptionofresources,canbringanyhopeofasolution.

Bysayingthat"humanshaveneverhaditsogood"(Linel,Para.2),theauthormeansthatpeoplenowadays______.

A.enjoyamuchbetterlifethanbefore

B.hasreachedthepeakofcivilization

C.aremorepowerfulinchangingtheearth

D.liveinaworldwithmoreadvancedmedicalscience

55.

Thesecondparagraphusesfactstodeveloptheideathat______.

A.aplantneedsmorewaterthanisfoundinitscomposition

B.aplantefficientlyutilizesmostofthewateritabsorbs

C.thestrongerthewind,themorewatervaportheplantloses.

D.carbondioxideistheessentialsubstanceneededforplantdevelopment

56.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoPara.1?

A.PartoftheeventsoccurringontheuniversitycampusatBerkeleyweregivennationalmediacoverage.

B.The1989SanFranciscoearthquakehasn'tbeencoveredbythevideoprogramme.

C.Electronicmediacanlimitone'scontactwiththeworld.

D.Thoselivingfarawayfromacertaineventcannothaveperceptionofrealities.

57.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames______.

A.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

B.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolor

C.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

58.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thewarningagainst"passivedrinking".

B.Differentattitudestowardssmokinganddrinking.

C.TheglobalwaronalcoholabuselaunchedbyWHO.

D.Similaritiesanddifferencesbetweensmokinganddrinking.

59.TheforestfromwhichMantakeshistimberisthetallestandmostimpressiveplantcommunityonEarth.IntermsofMan'sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging,savefortheseasonalgrowthandfalloftheleaves,buttoforesteritrepresentstheclimaxofalongsuccessionofevents.

Nowoodedlandscapeweseetodayhasbeenforestforalltime.Plantshaveminimumrequirementsoftemperatureandmoistureand,inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth'ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive.However,assoonasclimaticconditionschangeinfavourofplantlife,afascinatingsequenceofchangesoccurs,calledaprimarysuccession.

Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidspreducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroot-hold.Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyform.acoveringofplantlife.Rootsprobeevendeeperintothedevelopingsoilandeventuallylargeshrubsgivewaytothefirsttrees.Thesegrowrapidly,cuttingoffsunlightfromthesmallerplants,andsoonestablishcompletedomination-closingtheirranksandformingaclimaxcommunitywhichmayendureforthousandsofyears.

Yeteventhiscommunityisnoteverlasting.Firemaydestroyitoutrightandsettlersmaycutitdowntogainlandforpastureorcultivation.Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingnmchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil.Shrubsandtreesareamongtheearlyinvaders,theirseedscarriedbythewind,bybirdsandlodgedinthecoatsofmammals.

Foraslongasitstandsandthrives,theforestisavastmachine,storing