演示文稿第三新視野讀寫第單元講解

（優(yōu)選）第三版新視野讀寫第單元目前一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?目前二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Dr.BarrySchwartz目前三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.目前四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點6UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?目前五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可預(yù)見的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?目前六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之戰(zhàn))againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJulu目前七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestions目前八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)目前九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競爭的，對抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競爭對手v.

tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse與…相匹敵；比得上

目前十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝國的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝國軍隊imperialpolicies帝國政策imperialpower皇權(quán)目前十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點motivatev.

1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激勵；激發(fā);

驅(qū)使;推動…甘愿苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成為…的動機(jī)；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.目前十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Translation這個計劃旨在促使員工更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.目前十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief堅定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；堅信；堅定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪；定罪；證明有罪convictionforsth目前十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.目前十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點validate

v.(formal)1.

toprovethatsthistrue證實；確認(rèn)；確證2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批準(zhǔn)；確認(rèn)…有效；認(rèn)可Collocations:tovalidateatheory證實理論tovalidateacontract使合同生效目前十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占領(lǐng)2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占領(lǐng)（或征服）的地區(qū)3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（愛情方面）被俘虜?shù)娜?/p>

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（對困難、危險等的）控制目前十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Collocations:theconquestofdisease戰(zhàn)勝疾病theconquestofnature對自然的征服theconquestofspace對宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.目前十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)目前十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)目前二十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有啟迪的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

rmationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；闡明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)領(lǐng)悟〔明白〕(某事)目前二十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?請給我解釋一下你將來的計劃好嗎?Translation目前二十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行為的；行為研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblems目前二十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage獲益；得到好處；對…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永遠(yuǎn)不會成為一名職業(yè)音樂家,然而我敢肯定她從音樂課中學(xué)到很多東西。目前二十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點n.

themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利潤；收益；贏利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

目前二十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.目前二十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)目前二十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保護(hù)；維護(hù)；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway貯存；保鮮

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition維持…的原狀；保存；保養(yǎng)4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使繼續(xù)存活；保護(hù)；保全目前二十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點fluctuatev.（大小、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等）波動；（在…之間）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.目前二十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou堅決地表示；申辯

～+that-clause2.

tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公開）反對；抗議

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民抗議在他們農(nóng)田上新修飛機(jī)場。目前三十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓緊；緊握；緊抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘??；附著

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.目前三十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.目前三十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.Tips目前三十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.Tips目前三十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.Tips目前三十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.目前三十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢復(fù)（某種情況或感受）2.

torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修復(fù)；整修；使復(fù)原

3.

tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或?qū)嵤?；恢?fù)

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

歸還（失物、贓款等）restoreto…恢復(fù)到…

目前三十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife蘇醒過來restorecalm恢復(fù)平靜restoresb'seyesight恢復(fù)某人的視力

restorebuilding修復(fù)建筑物目前三十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點implementv.

tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行；實施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）簡單的戶外用具agriculturalimplements目前三十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（權(quán)）；把（工作、權(quán)力等）委托（給下級）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth選派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的權(quán)力交給副手。目前四十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丟棄；拋棄I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些雜志扔了。目前四十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表的2.

awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的運動outwardinvestment對外投資outwardcalm外表的平靜目前四十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點prejudicen.[U,

C]

anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏見,成見,歧視

~(againstsb/sth)v.

toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使懷有（或形成）偏見

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.目前四十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.目前四十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloser目前四十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.目前四十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcar