2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中央民族大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中央民族大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey（）.12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby（）.13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.sleepinthreedistinctpartsB.havemanyfiveminutenapC.sleepinonelongblockD.takeoneortwonapsdaily問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.itsgenesB.itshabitC.itsmentalstateD.itsphysicalcondition問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.takesomerefreshmentB.gotobedearlyC.havealongrestD.giveittosleep2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandhiscompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeen(1)eversince.Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,(2)whatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssuffercontinuallyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildren(3)rompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agood“old-fashioned”spankingisoutofthe(4):nomodernchild-rearing(5)wouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowed(6)toshout.Whoknowswhatdeep(7)woundsyoumightinflict.Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumatic(8).Soitisthatparents(9)toavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes(10)ahundredyearsagohadn’tevenbeenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive(11)ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.Psychologistshavesucceededin(12)parent’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.(13)thegreatmodernclassicsonchild-care,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited(14)flyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparent’livesare(15)accordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopinto(16),theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescent(17)againstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,(18),parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerely(19)thefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobut(20)?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.relaxedB.thrilledC.bewilderedD.inspired問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.soB.butC.andD.or問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.pleasantlyB.enthusiasticallyC.cautiouslyD.gaily問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.problemB.questionC.issueD.argument問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.brochureB.pamphletC.manualD.publication問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.evenB.alsoC.justD.as問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.physicalB.emotionalC.psychologicalD.sensational問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.experienceB.hazardC.adventureD.impact問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.striveB.hesitateC.anticipateD.oblige問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.whatB.itC.whichD.this問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)A.penaltyB.barbarityC.scoldD.permissiveness問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)A.establishingB.enhancingC.detainingD.undermining問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)A.WithrelationtoB.WithregardtoC.InadditiontoD.Intermsof問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)A.demonstrationB.adviceC.criticismD.interpretation問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)A.operatedB.intensifiedC.regulatedD.compensated問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)A.adultsB.teenagersC.parentsD.veterans問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)A.resistanceB.objectionC.hostilityD.rebellion問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)A.atfirstB.inparticularC.afterallD.forinstance問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)A.devastatesB.spoilsC.manipulatesD.converts問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)A.refuseB.violateC.abideD.obey3.單選題Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?18.Whatdosethespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention?19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel（）.20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Confidence.B.Preparation.C.Informativeness.D.Organization.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Gatherabundantdata.B.Organizetheideaslogically.C.Developagreatopening.D.Selectappropriatematerial.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.uneasyB.uncertainC.frustratedD.depressed問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.B.Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimage.C.Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.D.Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Oneofthemostdangerousdrugsforpregnantwomentoconsumeisalcohol.Becausealcoholis(1)quicklyintothebloodandpassesquicklyintothe(2)andmembranes,thehumanfetusisparticularly(3)toitseffect.Infact,thenegativeeffectsonafetusareso(4)thatbabiesbornafter(5)toalcoholaresaidtobesufferingfromfetalalcohol(6).(7)apregnantwomandrinksalcohol,thealcohol,ispassedintothebloodstreamalmost(8).Moreover,becausethebloodstreamofthefetusis(9)thatofthemother,thealcoholpassesdirectlyintothefetusaswell.(10),what’smore,the(11)ofalcoholinthefetusisexactlythesameasinthemother.Forthemother,thisconcentrationisnotaproblembecauseherlivercan(12)oneounceofalcoholfromhersystemperhour.However,thefetus’liverisnotcompletely(13).Therateatwhichitisableto(14)thealcoholfromthebloodofthefetusismuchslower.(15),thealcoholwillbereturnedtothemother’ssystembypassingacrosstheplacenta,butthisprocessisslow.Bythetimethis(16),majorneurologicaldamagemayhavealready(17).Researchhasshownthataslittleasonedrinkofalcoholcanproducesignificant,(18)damagetothefetus.Babiesbornafterexposuretoalcoholgenerally(19)facialdistortion,inabilitytoconcentrate,anddifficultyinremembering.Simplyspeaking,itis(20)thatpregnantwomenavoidalcohol.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.conferredB.deliveredC.endowedD.injected問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.tissueB.muscleC.fabricD.liver問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.accessibleB.resistantC.vulnerableD.immune問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.pronouncedB.accurateC.severeD.harsh問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.adaptationB.infectionC.exposureD.contraction問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.affectionB.impactC.consequenceD.syndrome問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.AfterB.AsC.WhenD.Because問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.simultaneouslyB.immediatelyC.directlyD.frequently問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.tiedtoB.similartoC.fixeduponD.linkedto問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.BesidesB.AndC.RatherD.Likewise問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)A.condensationB.functionC.concentrationD.poison問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)A.distinguishB.removeC.abandonD.discriminate問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)A.developedB.cultivatedC.nurturedD.grown問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)A.eliminateB.preventC.distanceD.relieve問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)A.EventuallyB.PracticallyC.VirtuallyD.Gradually問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)A.takeseffectB.takesplaceC.hasimpactD.prevailsover問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)A.experiencedB.arisenC.emergedD.occurred問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)A.irreversibleB.perceivableC.incomprehensibleD.unimaginable問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)A.revealB.exhibitC.involveD.perform問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)A.desirousB.hopefulC.imperativeD.optimistic5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題“Nomanisanisland,”wrotethepoetJohnDonneseveralcenturiesago.Hewasacknowledgingoneofourmost(1)characteristics:thefactthatwearesocialanimalswhosebehaviorandpersonalitiesare(2)bythegroupstowhichwebelong.Throughoutlife,mostofourdailyactivities(3)inthecompanyofothers.Whetherourpurposeisworking,playing,raisingafamily,learning,orsimplyrelaxing.Weusually(4)itingroupsevenifthegroupisassmallastwoorthreepeople.Ourneedforhumancontactsisnotmerelyapracticalone;itisadeeppsychologicalneedaswell.Ifpeopleare(5)ofthecompanyofothersfor(6)periods,mentalbreakdownistheusualresult.EventheGenevaConvention,aninternationalagreementthat(7)thetreatmentofprisonersofwar,recognizesthisneed.Itregards(8)imprisonmentformorethanthirtydaysasacruelformoftorture.Initsstrictestsense,agroupisacollectionofpeople(9)togetherinanorderlywayonthebasisofsharedexpectationaboutoneanother’sbehavior.Asaresultofthisinteraction,membersfeelacommonsenseof“belonging.”They(10)membersfrommembersandexpectcertainkindsofbehaviorfromoutsiders.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.oddB.distinctiveC.explicitD.obvious問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.shapedB.distinguishedC.identifiedD.justified問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.designedB.undertakedC.assignedD.performed問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.reachB.completeC.pursueD.accomplish問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.concernedB.deprivedC.relievedD.informed問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.continuousB.noticeableC.dramaticD.prolonged問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.regulatesB.prescribesC.rectifiesD.demonstrates問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.harshB.severeC.solitaryD.remote問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.livingB.interactingC.communicatingD.putting問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.distinguishB.isolateC.separateD.recognize6.填空題Directions:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulisten,completethesentensesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)6.Whatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple?7.Writingdownalistofprobleminthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem.8.Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan’ttalkwitheachother?9.Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir（）.10.Accordingtotheoldnotion,whatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder?7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal:wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDay0’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（）.3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof（）.4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare（）.5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.medicalresourcesareoftenwastedB.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseasesC.sometreatmentsaretooaggressiveD.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.strongdisapprovalB.reservedconsentC.slightcontemptD.enthusiasticsupport問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.moreflexiblyB.moreextravagantlyC.morecautiouslyD.morereasonably問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slivesB.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthlivingC.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflifeD.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.3.Incountriesotherthantheirown,mostAmericans（）.4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.standstillB.jumpasideC.stepforwardD.drawback問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.culturalself-centerednessB.casualmannersC.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitorsD.arrogancetowardsothercultures問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.areisolatedbythelocalpeopleB.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrierC.tendtogetalongwellwiththenativesD.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.affecttheirimageintheneweraB.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldC.limittheirroleinworldaffairsD.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriendsB.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairsC.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplacesD.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Morethantwomillionfilmslieinstoreroomsaroundtheworld,someofthemsobadlydamagedthattheycannolongerbescreened.Ifnothingisdone,theycoulddisappearforgood,likehalfthefilmsmadeintheUSbefore1950.Butresearchpromisesanautomatedtechnique,torestoretheseoldfilmstotheirformerglory.Filmscanbecleanedchemicallyorbyusingultrasound.Butthisistime-consumingandexpensive,andchemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms.Anotherapproachistodigitizethefilmandthencleanupthedigitalversionframebyframe—aterriblejob.WhenDisneycleanedupSnowWhiteforreleaseonDVD,forinstance,graphicartistsworkedinshiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks.“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”saysSamiaBoukir,whostartedworkonanautomatedsystem,“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”O(jiān)nceafilmhasbeenscannedin,thefirststageoftheprocessistofinddustspots.Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes,sothesystemlooksforsmallspotsthatarevisibleononeframeandabsentonitsneighbors.Thesoftwarerepairstheimagebysamplingtheunspoiltareaoftheimageontheadjacentframesandreplacingthedustspotwithanaverageofthesampledpictureelement.Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframesandcanbeconfusedwithverticallinesthatarepartofthefilm.Butatelltalepatternoftengivesthemaway:scratchesarenormallycausedbythemechanicalpartsofaprojectorrubbingonthefilm,sotheytendtorepeatatregularintervals.Thesystemlooksforaperiodicpatternofthistypefromframetoframe,predictingwhenitshouldoccurinthesubsequentframes.Havingidentifiedthescratchanditsduration,thesoftwarethenrepairsthedamagebytakingpictureelementfromundamagedframesbeforeandafterthescratch.Thissmoothingeffectavoidsanysharpedgesintherestoredimage.Oncerestored,thedigitizedfilmscanbeviewedbyfuturegenerationswithoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector.“Filmhasahundred-yearhistory,buttheknowledgeofhowtostoreitproperlyisonly15yearsold,”saysGodfreyPyeofSunsetDigital,aHollywood-basedcompany.1.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.2.WhatisSamiaBoukir’sattitudetowardsautomatedrestorationofthefilm?3.Whatisthecharacteristicofthedistributionofdustspotsonthefilms?4.Thefollowingstatementsisthereasonswhyscratchesarehardtobedetected.（）5.Bysayingthat“withoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector”,(L.1-2,Para.7)theauthormeansthat（）問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.therehavebeenmanymethodstocleanupthefilmsB.DisneyrepairedthedamageofSnowWhiteforprofitC.chemicalcleaningandtheuseofultrasoundhavethesameeffectD.cleaningdigitalizedfilmisconsideredfeasibleinfilmrestoration問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Neutral.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Thespotsareintheunspoiltareaoftheimage.B.Thespotsareontheaveragesampledpictureelement.C.Thespotscannotappearontwoadjacentframesatthesametime.D.Thespotsareontheframethatisvisile.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Thescratchesappearatorderintervals.B.Itiseasytodistinguishverticallinesandscratches.C.Thescratchescanextendtoseveralframes.D.Theshapeofscratchesisdifferentfromsomepartsofthefilm.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.laterusemaynotcausenewdamagetothefilmsafterrestoration.B.thereisnoenvironmentalriskinrepairingtheoriginalfilms.C.therestoredfilmshaveperfectvisualeffect.D.theprojectorhasthefunctionofprotectingtherestoredfilms.10.翻譯題Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedbyinflowfromthesubtropics.TheCoriolisEffectturnstheseinflowstotherightinthenorthernhemisphereandtotheleftinthesouthern,resultinginthegreattrade-windbeltsthatblowequatorwardandwestwardoverthewidthofthetropicalPacific.(3)Intheocean,thesewindstendtopushthesurfacewatertowardsthewest,sosealevelatIndonesiaisabout50cmhigherthanattheSouthAmericancoast,whichgivesanideaofthepowerandsteadinessofthetradewinds.Assurfacewaterispushedwest,coolersubsurfacewaterisdrawnuptothesurfaceintheeasternequatorialPacific.Thisupwelledwaterisnutrientrich,andsupportsalargepopulationofmarineandbirdlife,aswellasanimportantfisheryoffthecoastofPeruandEcuador.(4)Then,duringitsjourneywest,surfacewaterisheatedbythesuntotemperaturesofabout29℃overahugeareawestofthedateline,knownasthewestPacificwarmpool,wheretheoceanisroughly6℃higherthanwhenthewatercametothesurfaceintheeast.Thisairisalsoveryhumidduetoitslongpassageoverthetropicalocean,andwhenitrisesinthewestheavyprecipitinisproducedoverIndonesiaandSoutheastAsia.Thewarmpoolisoneofthemajordrivingforcesofworldclimate.Itswarmthstrengthenstherisingmotioninthewestandtherebyreinforcesthewestwardwindsofthetradewindsystem.(5)Therising,moisture-ladenairpumpsheatandwatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcanbecarriedgreatdistances.Thehugesourceofheathelpssetthepathofthejetstreamsthatcontroltemperate-zoneweather,muchasalargerockinastreamdeterminesthepatternofwaterflow,includingwaverymotionsthatextendwelldownstreamoftherock.Therefore,whenthewarmpoolchangesshapeorposition,theeffectsrippleoutwardtoaffectmuchoftheworld’sweather.11.寫(xiě)作題Directions:Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.callonscientiststotakesomeactionsB.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightsC.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchD.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.cruelbutnaturalB.inhumanandunacceptableC.inevitablebutviciousD.pointlessandwasteful問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.discontentwithanimalresearchB.ignoranceaboutmedicalscienceC.indifferencetoepidemicsD.anxietyaboutanimalrights問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.communicatemorewiththepublicB.employhi-techmeansinresearchC.feelnoshamefortheircauseD.strivetodevelopnewcures問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.awell-knownhumanistB.amedicalpractitionerC.anenthusiastinanimalrightsD.asupporterofanimalresearch13.翻譯題Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(1)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthe