2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國科學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國科學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommittedpartnerandthatmoststablemarriagesoccurinapowerrelation,withthemanbeingthecenter.Weusuallythinkofcompetitivenessasamaleactivity,andsoitismainly,whichisallthemorereasonforitcausingstressinamarriage.Ourancestrycertainlyincludedalongphasewhenthemalescompetedforthealpharole,inwhichthetopmaletookalltheadvantagesandmostofthegroupmatings.Mostmennursesecretdreamsofbeing“benign”dictators.Nomanlikeshiswifetoearnmorethanhedoes.Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.Womenhavetoacceptthatcomingintoourownandachievingthefullpotentialofour(seeminglysuperior)capacitytouseeducationwillundoubtedlymakeusmoreinaccessibleaspartners.Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.1.The“test-tubebabies”andotherthingsarementionedinParagraph1toindicate（

）.2.Conventionalsexualselection（

）.

3.ThestatisticsinParagraph2illustratethat（

）.

4.Whatmightbethemeaningof“whiphand”inParagraph4?5.Howismarriagerelatedtopower,accordingtothestudy?6.Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.thedevelopmentofmedicaltechnologyB.theradicalchangesofourlifestyleC.thedecreasingbirthrateofhumansocietyD.theindependenceofthefemalegender問題2選項(xiàng)A.getsout-of-dateB.remainsactiveC.becomesextinctD.seemsprevalent問題3選項(xiàng)A.women’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareindirectproportionB.men’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareininverseproportionC.womenprefertomarrymenwhoareveryintelligentD.menprefertomarrywomenwhoarelessintelligent問題4選項(xiàng)A.Control.B.Desire.C.Intelligence.D.Commitment.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Marriedmenandwomenallseekpowerovereachother.B.Apowerfulhusbandisthekeytothesuccessfulmarriage.C.Astablemarriagedependsonthepowerofthewife.D.Richmentendtoholdabsolutepowerovertheirwives.問題6選項(xiàng)A.SingleWomen’sSelf-reliance.B.RoadtoaSuccessfulMarriageC.WhyBrainyWomenStaySingle.D.StereotypesAboutMarriage.2.單選題Youcouldarguethatmanyartistshavebecomemore（

）happinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confidentinB.skepticalofC.realisticaboutD.incapableof3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Physicistsaren’toftenreprimandedforusingrisquéhumorintheiracademicwritings,butin1991thatisexactlywhathappenedtothecosmologistAndreiLindeatStanfordUniversity.Hehad_21_adraftarticleentitled“HardArtoftheUniverseCreation”tothejournalNuclearPhysics.Init,heoutlinedthe_22_ofcreatingauniverseinalaboratory:awholenewcosmosthatmightoneday_23_itsownstars,planetsandintelligentlife.Neartheend,Lindemadeaseeminglyflippantsuggestionthatouruniverseitself_24_knockedtogetherbyanalien“physicisthacker”.Thepaper’smoderatorobjectedtothis“dirtyjoke”onthegroundsthatreligiouspeoplemightbeoffendedthatscientistswereaimingtostealthe_25_ofuniverse-makingoutofthehandsofGod.Lindechangedthepaper’stitleandabstractbutheldfirm_26_thelinethatouruniversecouldhavebeenmadebya(an)_27_scientist.Fast-forwardaquarterofacentury,andthenotionofuniverse-making—or“cosmogenesis”asIdubit—seemslesscomicalthan_28_.I’vetravelledtheworldtalkingtophysicistswhotaketheconcept_29_,andwhohaveevensketchedoutroughblueprintsforhowhumanitymightonedayachieveit.Linde’smoderatorsmighthavebeenrighttobeconcerned,_30_theyweremakingthewrongassumptions.Theissueisnotwhomightbeoffendedby_31_,butwhatwouldhappenifitweretrulypossible.Howwouldwehandlethetheologicalimplications?Whatmoralresponsibilitieswouldcomewithfalliblehumanstakingonthe_32_ofcosmiccreators?Theoreticalphysicistshavegrappledforyearswithrelatedquestions_33_partoftheirconsiderationsofhowourownuniverse_34_.Inthe1980s,thecosmologistAlexVilenkinatTuftsUniversityinMassachusetts_35_amechanismthroughwhichthelawsofquantummechanicscouldhavegeneratedaninflatinguniversefromastateinwhichtherewasnotime,nospaceandnomatter.問題1選項(xiàng)A.releasedB.issuedC.submittedD.published問題2選項(xiàng)A.feasibilityB.possibilityC.necessityD.availability問題3選項(xiàng)A.revolveB.evolveC.deriveD.revive問題4選項(xiàng)A.mightbeB.couldbeC.mighthavebeenD.musthavebeen問題5選項(xiàng)A.featB.acquisitionC.harmonyD.liberty問題6選項(xiàng)A.besidesB.offC.overD.through問題7選項(xiàng)A.alienB.fakeC.foreignD.past問題8選項(xiàng)A.neverB.everC.beforeD.now問題9選項(xiàng)A.seriouslyB.forgrantedC.assuchD.inabigway問題10選項(xiàng)A.soB.butC.forD.and問題11選項(xiàng)A.paradoxB.cosmogenesisC.controversyD.embarrassment問題12選項(xiàng)A.partB.roleC.sideD.name問題13選項(xiàng)A.inB.toC.byD.as問題14選項(xiàng)A.workedB.beganC.existedD.kept問題15選項(xiàng)A.cameupwithB.abidedbyC.gotbyD.grappledwith4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Whileit’swidelyacceptedthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforyou,conventionalwisdom—andthegovernment’sdietaryguidelines—saythatalcoholcanbeconsumedinmoderation.TheUSgovernmentdefinesthatasonedrinkadayforwomenandtwoformen.Thisstudy,publishedintheBMJonTuesday,findsthatdrinkingaroundtheselevels—8to12drinksaweek—isassociatedwithafewmeasuresofcognitivedeclinethatshoweduponbrainscans.Researchersbrought550LondonerstoOxfordandranthemthroughanMRImachine.Buttheseweren’tjustanyLondoners—theyweregovernmentemployeeswho,abouteveryfiveyearssince1985,hadbeenfillingoutsurveysabouttheirhealthregimens,includinghowmuchalcoholtheyconsumed.Thisenabledtheresearcherstolookforrelationshipsbetweentheindividuals’drinkinghabitsandwhatshowedupontheirbrainscans.Theresearchersfoundthatmoderatedrinkingoverthose30-plusyearswasassociatedwithdegenerationandshrinkingofthehippocampus,aregionofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandnavigation,anddegenerationofthebrain’swhitematter.Consumingonemorealcoholicdrinkperweekwasassociatedwitha0.01percentdecreaseinthesizeofthehippocampus.Forcomparison,agingoneyearisassociatedwitha0.02percentdecrease.ThestudyonlylookedatafewhundredLondoners,mostlywell-educatedandmiddle-class,soitmaynotberepresentativeofawiderpopulation.Topiwala,apsychiatryprofessorattheUniversityofOxford,pointedouttheremighthavebeen“selectionbias”inthesample—individualshadtogetfromLondontoOxfordinordertoundergotheMRIscansandthenspendanhourinabrainscanningmachineandundergoothermemorytests—whichindividualswhowerealcoholdependentorhadsufferedbraindamagefromalcoholusemightbelesslikelytodo.Inanaccompanyingeditorial,KillianWelch,aneuropsychiatristatahospitalinScotland,wrotethatthestudymightchangewhatwethinkconstitutesahealthylevelofdrinking.“Thefindingsstrengthentheargumentthatdrinkinghabitsmanyregardasnormalhaveadverseconsequencesforhealth,”Welchwrote.Thisisimportant.Wealluserationalizationstojustifypersistencewithbehaviorsnotinourlong-terminterest.Withthepublicationofthispaper,justificationofmoderate’drinkingonthegroundsofbrainhealthbecomesalittleharder.48.TheUSgovernmentwouldprobablyagreethat________.49.Thesubjectsoftheresearch________.50.AccordingtoParagraph3,hippocampus________.51.Thestudyisquestioned,because________.52.WhatcanweinferfromWelch’scommentary?53.Thispassagecouldbebesttitled________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.8to12drinksaweekisanacceptablelevelB.dietaryguidelinesshouldbemodifiedC.moderatedrinkingcanleadtobraindamageD.thefindingsoftheBMJstudyhavebeenconfirmed問題2選項(xiàng)A.donotliveinLondonpermanentlyB.regularlyreportedtheirdrinkinghabitsC.wereskepticaloftheMRIresultsD.believedinthenegativeeffectofdrinkingonhealth問題3選項(xiàng)A.coordinatesbrainfunctionsB.remainsstableinsizewithoutdrinkingC.getssmallerwhenpeopledrinkmoreD.resultsintheshrinkingofthewhitematter問題4選項(xiàng)A.thesubjectsareunderstresswhentakingMRIB.thesamplingprocessisnotscientificenoughC.thememorytestsarenotfromauthoritativesourcesD.thealcoholicsarelikelytosufferbraindamage問題5選項(xiàng)A.Ahealthylevelofdrinkingisimportant.B.Brainhealthwillimproveifdrinkingisonlymoderate.C.Evenmoderatedrinkingisharmfultohealth.D.Thesalesofalcoholwilldecreaseafterthispublication.問題6選項(xiàng)A.DrinkingHabitsShouldBeAbandonedB.ModerateDrinkingCouldCauseBrainDeclineC.GovernmentalGuidelinesShouldBeFollowedD.AgingProcessAffectstheSizeofHippocampus5.單選題TheEgyptiansusedtobelievethatliteracywasdivine.Scholarsnolonger________thattheory,butwhyancientcivilizationsdevelopedwritingwasamysteryforalongtime.問題1選項(xiàng)A.embraceB.involveC.formulateD.comprehend6.單選題WhenChelseacaughta（）disease,noneofhisfriendswereallowedtovisithim.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conspicuousB.contagiousC.consequentD.captivating7.單選題Researchmarchesonward,butwe’restill（

）somethingassimpleastheflu.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inthecourseofB.withtheexceptionofC.onthebrinkofD.atthemercyof8.單選題Mymotherwouldratherputhonestyfirstinher（

）ofvalues,whichisimportantforourgrowth.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inventoryB.hierarchyC.observationD.identification9.單選題Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.問題2選項(xiàng)A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonlyB.aperiodicdietwithalittlefoodC.acalorie-consistentdietD.adietlastingforfivedaysonly問題3選項(xiàng)A.Energysupplements.B.Sportdrinks.C.Meatandfish.D.Foodwithadditives.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Nicebodyshape.B.Psychologicalwell-being.C.Betterhealthinoldage.D.Goodrelationswithothers.問題5選項(xiàng)A.healthyteasB.populardietsC.fastfoodD.weight-reducingmedicines問題6選項(xiàng)A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?B.SayNotoStarvation.C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?10.翻譯題Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.Herearesomereasons:Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.11.單選題Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fastensB.detersC.encouragesD.fixes12.單選題Peoplewho（

）largeamountsofanimalfatsaremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdisease.問題1選項(xiàng)A.congestB.irrigateC.consumeD.purchase13.單選題Thetermindustrialdesignwas________in1919bytheAmericanindustrialdesignerJosephSinel.問題1選項(xiàng)A.originatedB.coinedC.inspiredD.inserted14.單選題WhenmyKoreanfriendstalksoccer,historyandterritorialdisputeswithJapan,they________withpatriotism.問題1選項(xiàng)A.brimB.dealC.tangleD.boggle15.單選題

Forthemostpart,blacksportsmenacceptthattheyhaveadvantages，inanunspecifiedway,overtheirwhite（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.supervisorsB.subordinateC.counterpartsD.correspondents16.單選題NewYear’sdetoxproductsthatpurporttoridthebodyofharmfulchemicalsaccumulatedthroughseasonalover-indulgenceareawasteoftimeandmoney,leadingscientistssaidrecently.Mostofthepills,juices,teasandoilsthataresoldfortheirdetoxifyingeffectsonthebodyhavenoscientificfoundationfortheirclaims,accordingtotoxicologistsanddieticians.Theywillnotinfluencetherateatwhichthebodyridsitselfoftoxins,andanybeneficialeffectswouldbematchedatmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights.Theentiremarketfordetoxproducts,whichisworthtensofmillionsofpoundsayear,restsonmythsaboutthehumanbodythatarehittingconsumersinthewallet,theexperts’reporthasfound.“Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess.Thedetoxfad--orfads,astherearemanymethods--isanexampleofthecapacityofpeopletobelievein(andpayfor)magicdespitethelackofanysoundevidence.”saidMartinWiseman,VisitingProfessorofHumanNutritionattheUniversityofSouthampton.Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists.Thefullreport,MakingSenseofChemicalStories,willbepublishedlaterthismonthbythecharitySenseAboutScience.Itfoundthatpopularideasaboutdetoxarebasedonmisconceptionsabouthowthehumanbodyrespondstochemicalsinthediet.Theliverandkidneysarehighlyefficientorgansthathaveevolvedtobreakdownandremovetoxinsfromthebloodstream,andtheirfunctionisnothelpedbyproductssuchasGillianMcKeith’s￡19.99“24hourdetoxprogramme,”whichclaimsto“assistthenaturaldetoxificationprocessinyourbody.”“Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason,”saidJohnEmsley,oftheRoyalSocietyofChemistry.SirColinBerry,ProfessorEmeritusofPathologyatQueenMary,UniversityofLondon,said:“Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets.”1.Itcanbeinferredthatpeopleusually（）.2.Accordingtoscientists,whathelpsridthebodyoftoxinsincludes（）.3.Theboldfacedword“expunged”(inPara.5)canbestbereplacedby（）.4.Expertsconsideritamyththat（）.5.Thecriticismofthedetoxindustrystarted（）.6.JohnEmsleyandColinBerrysharetheideathat（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.takeharmfulchemicalsB.consumedetoxproductsC.haveabalanceddietD.wastemoneyonfood問題2選項(xiàng)A.goingtobedearlyB.drinkingherbalteaC.takingcertainpillsD.doingmuchexercise問題3選項(xiàng)A.testedB.digestedC.eliminatedD.accumulated問題4選項(xiàng)A.detoxproductshavemarvelouseffectsB.noxiouschemicalsgatherinthebodyC.peoplegenerallyovereatatChristmasD.people’scapacitytobelieveisunlimited問題5選項(xiàng)A.ataconferenceheldattheUniversityofSouthhamtonB.fromareportentitled“MakingSenseofChemicalStories”C.byacharityorganizationcalledSenseAboutScienceD.withastudyonpublicunderstandingofchemicals問題6選項(xiàng)A.toxinscanstayinthebodyaslongas36hoursB.drinkingexcessivealcoholleadstodeathC.detoxtabletsfacilitatethenaturaldetoxificationD.thehumanbodyhasapowerfuldetoxsystem17.單選題Manyforeignstudentshavethe（

）beliefthatBritishEnglishissomehowmorepureandperfectthanAmericanEnglish.問題1選項(xiàng)A.indistinctB.subjectiveC.erroneousD.communistic18.單選題Shehashelpedthousandsofmenandwomen（

）withthingsthatbotherthemandthattheycouldnottalkaboutwithothers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.cometothepointB.cometotermsC.comeintoforceD.comeintocontact19.單選題Iampreparedtomakesome（）onminordetails,butIcannotcompromiseonfundamentals.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confessionB.concessionC.concordD.consent20.單選題OneofthelargestearthquakeseverrecordedhitonBoxingDay2004.TheresultingtsunamidevastatedhugeswathsoftheIndianOceancoastlineandleftanestimatedquarterofamillionpeopledeadacrossIndonesia,SriLanka,IndiaandThailand.Aidagenciesquicklyarrivedtohelpbatteredandtraumatisedsurvivors.MentalhealthcarewasamassivepartoftheemergencyresponsebuttheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)promptlydidsomethingithasneverdonebeforeorsince.Itspecificallydenouncedatypeofpsychologicaltherapyandrecommendedthatitshouldn’tbeused.Thetherapywasasinglesessiontreatmentcalled“psychologicaldebriefing”，whichinvolvedworkingwithdisastervictimstoencouragepeopletosupposedly“process”theintenseemotionsbytalkingthroughtheminstages.Itwasintendedtopreventlatermentalhealthproblemsbyhelpingpeopleresolvedifficultemotionsearlyon.Theonlytroublewasthatitmadethingsworse.Studieshadshownthatpeoplegivenpost-disasterpsychologicaldebriefingweresubsequentlymorelikelytosuffermentalhealthproblemsthanpeoplewhohadhadnotreatmentatall.Guidancefromtheworld’smostinfluentialhealthauthorityhadlittleeffect,andthetherapywasextensivelyused.Thereluctancetodothingsdifferentlywastiedupwithsomeoftheleast-appreciatedfactsaboutourreactionstodisaster.Inourtrauma-focusedsociety,itisoftenforgottenthatthemajorityofpeoplewhoexperiencetheravagesofnaturaldisaster,becomethevictimsofviolenceorloselovedonesintragedywillneednoassistancefrommentalhealthprofessionals.Mostpeoplewillbeshakenup,distressedandbereaved,butthesearenaturalreactions,notinthemselvesdisorders.Onlyaminorityofpeople一rarelymorethan30%inwell-conductedstudiesandoftenconsiderablyless—willdeveloppsychologicaldifficultiesasaresultoftheirexperiences,andthesinglemostcommonoutcomeisrecoverywithouttheneedofprofessionalhelp.Butregardlessoftheeventualoutcome,youarelikelytobeatyourmoststressedduringthedisasterandyourstresslevelswilldecreaseafterwardseveniftheydon’treturntonormal.Yourbodysimplycannotmaintainpeaklevelsofanxiety.Theseareimportantfactstobearinmindbecause,fromthepointofviewofthedisastertherapist,psychologicaldebriefingseemstowork一stresslevelsgenuinelydrop.Butwhattheindividualtherapistcan’tseeisthatthiswouldhappenmoreeffectively,leavinglesspeopletraumatised,iftheydidnothing.1.InParagraph1,theunderlinedword“battered”means（

）.2.InParagraph2,“psychologicaldebriefing”iscloseto（

）.

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?4.Psychologicaldebriefingwasstillwidelyusedbecause（

）.

5.Paragraph4indicatesthat（

）.

6.AccordingtoParagraph5，weshouldbearinmindthat（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.bruisedB.shockedC.torturedD.destroyed問題2選項(xiàng)A.neurotherapyB.behaviortherapyC.physicaltherapyD.psychotherapy問題3選項(xiàng)A.Theemergencyresponsedidnotinvolvepsychologicaldebriefing.B.Mentaltherapyreducedtheincidenceofemotionalproblems.C.Psychologicalinterventioncausedmoreseriousemotionalproblems.D.PsychologicalinterventionwasnotrecommendedbytheWHO.問題4選項(xiàng)A.itwasprovedtobehighlyeffectivebysurvivorsB.theWHOremindedpeopletogetassistancefrommentalhealthprofessionalsC.professionalspaidalotofattentiontothenecessityofpsychologicalinterventionD.themajorityofsurvivorsdevelopedmentaldisorders問題5選項(xiàng)A.mostsurvivorswillgetovertraumawithoutprofessionalassistanceB.onethirdofsurvivorswillhavementalillnessesafterdisastersC.itisdifficultforsurvivorstoreturntonormallevelsofmentalhealthD.peaklevelsofanxietywillleadtomentaldisorders問題6選項(xiàng)A.psychologicaldebriefingmainlydealswithstresslevelsB.psychologicaldebriefinghaslittleeffectC.moreprofessionalaidshouldbegiventosurvivorsD.stresslevelsarethekeytomentalbreakdowns21.單選題Supposeyouarethereinthemuseum,withthehead-sizedsmartphonepermanentlypositionedinfrontofyournose.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencethisweek,youaredoingitallwrong.Thattinycamerayouareusingtocarefully（1）yourartviewingexperienceisactually（2）

yourartmemory,notpreservingit.Thestudy,

（3）

byFairfieldUniversity’spsychologicalscientistLindaHenkel,claimsthatmuseumgoershaveworsememories

（4）

objectsandspecificobjectdetails

（5）

theyusedacameratorecordpaintings,archeologicalrelicsorhistoricalartifacts

（6）

.It’saphenomenonHenkelcallsthe“photo-takingimpairmenteffect”.“Whenpeople（7）

technologytorememberforthem一countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingto

（8）

toitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegative（9）

onhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplainsinadescriptionofthestudy.Toreachherconclusion,Henkel

（10）

anexperimentatBellarmineArtMuseumatFairfieldUniversity,（11）

sherecruitedundergraduatestudentsto

（12）

theinstituteandtakenoteofspecificobjectsondisplay.Thesubjectscouldeitherphotographtheitemsorjustobservethem—itwas

（13）

them.Thenthefollowingday