江蘇省泰興市高三上學(xué)期期中調(diào)研考試英語試題（解析版）

江蘇省泰興市2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中調(diào)研英語試題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A1.Whichofthefollowingstatementagreeswiththeposter?A.HEIFERINTERNATIONALinvestsingirls’education.B.Allthegirlsinthedevelopedworldaregivenaccesstoschooling.C.Investingingirls’educationcangetridofpoverty.D.Well-educatedgirlstendtolandwell-payingdecentjobs.2.WhatkindoforganizationdoesHEIFERINTERNSTIONALprobablybelongto?A.Aprivategirls’school. B.Atechnicaltrainingcenter.C.Anon-profitorganization. D.Aninvestmentcompany.3.Whereprobablycanweseetheposter?A.Onafilmwebsite. B.Inaqualitymagazine.C.OnapopularTVprogram. D.Inatraditionaltextbook.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一則公益機(jī)構(gòu)的海報。圖文結(jié)合地展示了女孩選擇受教育/不受教育的命運(yùn)，受教育的女孩在后代健康、學(xué)業(yè)、工作待遇等方面都要優(yōu)于另一方。唯有教育能打破貧困的循環(huán)。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“andshewillbelikelytosecureawell-paidwagejob(而且她很可能會得到一份薪水豐厚的工作)”可知，受過良的女孩往往能找到高薪體面的工作。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)海報內(nèi)容“WhenyougiveamonthlygifttoHeiferInternationalyouwillensurethatchildren—especiallygirls—receivethemuch-deservedchancetolearn.Seehowsendingagirltoschoolcanbreakthecycleofpovertyforgenerationstocome.(當(dāng)你每月給HeiferInternational禮物，你將確保孩子——尤其是女孩——獲得了她們應(yīng)得的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會?？纯慈绾巫屢粋€女孩上學(xué)可以打破貧困的循環(huán)，為后代造福)”可知，HEIFERINTERNSTIONAL為貧困女童教育服務(wù)，屬于非盈利性慈善組織。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。本文是一則公益機(jī)構(gòu)的海報，圖文海報通常出現(xiàn)在雜志上。故選B項。BLookatthesethreepictures.Canyouidentifythetwopicturesthatareofthesameperson?Ifyoucan’tyoumayhaveasyndromecalledprosopagnosia,alsoknownasfaceblindness.Alotofushavetroublerecognizingpeople,butpeoplewithprosopagnosiacan’tevenrecognizethemselves.Manypeoplewhosufferfromfaceblindnesshavedevelopedstrategiesforrecognizingpeople.Forexample,theypayattentiontopeople’shairstyles,voices,andclothinginordertofigureoutwhotheyare.Butwhathappensifafriendgetanewhaircutorwaveshellowithoutspeaking?ForAylaBahur,herfaceblindnesspresentedanewhazardwhenshehadababy.Afterherdaughterwasborn,Aylarealizedthatshecouldnotpickherbabyoutfromtheotherbabiesinthematernityward.Recognizinganewbornbabymightbedifficultforanyone,butAylabecameterrified,thinkingofwhatmighthappeninthefuturewhenshehadtopickherdaughterupfromdaycareorfromschool.SoAylaboughtabraceletforherdaughterthatshecouldeasilydifferentiatefromabraceletanotherchildmightwear.Prosopagnosiacanbeaneffectofbraindamagefromanaccident,astroke,orsomeotherevent,oritcanhavegeneticcauses.Unlikepeoplewholosetheirfacerecognitionabilityasaresultofbraindamagethosewithgenericprosopagnosiaareoftenunawarethattheyhaveanimpairment.Theyoftendon’tfindoutthatthereissuchathingasfacerecognitionuntiltheylearnthatotherscanpickpeopleoutofacrowdjustbylookingattheirfaces.4.Themajorfunctionofthefirstparagraphis_________.A.todrawareaders’attentionB.toencouragereaders’thinkingC.toholdreaders’interestD.tointroducethetopic5.Whichofthefollowingcouldn’thelpthosewithprosopagnosiarecognizepeople?A.Bracelets B.Shoes C.Hairstyles D.Clothes6.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A.bygivingexamplesB.bymakingacomparisonC.byanalyzingcausesD.bycitingstatistics7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Prosopagnosiacanmakeeverydayactivitieschallenging.B.Ifamanwiththefaceblindnessseesafriendwithanewhaircut,heprobablywon’trecognizethatfriend.C.AylaBahardidn’tknowshehadProsopagnosiauntilherdaughterwasborn.D.Peoplewhodevelopfaceblindnessbecauseofbraindamageatawarethattheyhavelosttheirfacerecognitionability.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了傳說中的“臉盲癥”。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Lookatthesethreepictures.Canyouidentifythetwopicturesthatareofthesameperson?Ifyoucan’t,youmayhaveasyndromecalledprosopagnosia,alsoknownasfaceblindness.Alotofushavetroublerecognizingpeople,butpeoplewithprosopagnosiacan’tevenrecognizethemselves.（看這三張圖片。你能辨認(rèn)出這兩張是同一個人的照片嗎?如果你做不到這一點，你可能會患上人面失認(rèn)癥，也被稱為臉盲。我們很多人都認(rèn)不出別人，但面容失認(rèn)癥患者甚至認(rèn)不出自己）”，該段由三張圖片引入，再引出不能辨別臉的人是“prosopagnosia”，又介紹“prosopagnosia”的表現(xiàn)（難辨出別人，甚至自己）?？芍?，第一段的主要功能是介紹主題。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“theypayattentiontopeople’shairstyles,voices,andclothinginordertofigureoutwhotheyare.（他們會注意人們的發(fā)型、聲音和衣著，以了解他們是誰）”，可知，“鞋”不能幫助那些面孔失認(rèn)癥患者識別人。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ForAylaBahur,herfaceblindnesspresentedanewhazardwhenshehadababy.Afterherdaughterwasborn,Aylarealizedthatshecouldnotpickherbabyoutfromtheotherbabiesinthematernityward.（對于AylaBahur來說，她的臉盲癥在她生孩子的時候是一個新的危險。女兒出生后，Ayla意識到她無法從產(chǎn)科病房的其他嬰兒中分辨出自己的孩子）”可知，第三段通過具體講述AylaBahar的事例來展開的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ForAylaBahur,herfaceblindnesspresentedanewhazardwhenshehadababy.Afterherdaughterwasborn,Aylarealizedthatshecouldnotpickherbabyoutfromtheotherbabiesinthematernityward.（對于AylaBahur來說，她的臉盲癥在她生孩子的時候是一個新的危險。女兒出生后，Ayla意識到她無法從產(chǎn)科病房的其他嬰兒中分辨出自己的孩子）”，可知，C項AylaBahardidn’tknowshehadProsopagnosiauntilherdoctorwasborn.（AylaBahar直到她的女兒出生后才知道自己患有人面失認(rèn)癥）是不正確的。故選C。CForaslongasIcanrememberIwanttobeaperformer.ButwhenitcametimetogotocollegeanddecidewhatIwantedtobefortherestofmylife,itdidn’toccurtometochoosedramaasmymajor.Makingalivingasaperformerseemsimpracticaltome.SoinsteadofstartingdramaIstartedpre-law,andthenwenttolawschoollikemytwosistersdidbeforeme.Theyseemedhappyenough,Ithought;theyworkedabout80hoursaweek,buttheymadegoodmoneyandcouldaffordexpensivecarsandfancyapartmentsinthecity.AfterlawschoolIgotanewjobandworkedasalawyerforabigcompany.Ihadgreatbenefits,includingfourweeksofvacationayear,butInevergottouseanyofmyvacationtimebecausetherewasalwaystoomuchworktodo.Iworkedfrom7a.m.to9p.m.sixdaysaweek,andwhenIwasfinished,allIcoulddowascollapseintomybeduntilIwokeuptodoitalloveragainthenextday.Afterfiveyearsofthislifestyle,IthoughtIwasgoingtogocrazy.Iwasunhappyandexhausted,Ineversawmyfriendsormyfamily,andIrealizedIhadn’tbeeninaplayormusicalsinceIstartedlawschool.Ithoughtthatactinginasmallcommunityplaymightmakemefeelbetter,butrehearsalsandperformancesalltookplaceduringmyworkhours.SoImadeadrasticdecisionandquitmyjob.Igotasmallpartinalocalplayandthenleadrole.Nowmakemylivingfromacting,andonceinawhile,Idosomelegalconsultingforalittleextramoney.Idon’tgetpaidalotformyactingjobs,butit’senough.Ihadtogiveupmybigapartmentandexpensivecar,butI’msomuchhappiernow.Iseemyfriendsandfamily,Ihavefreetime,andIgettodosomethingIloveeveryday.8.Thewriterwenttolawschoolbecause_________A.histwosisterswenttolawschoolB.hewasinterestedinthepracticeoflawC.alawyer’sjobwouldbringhimadecentandleisurelifeD.actingjobswerenotwell-paidenoughtoearnaliving9.Afterfiveyearspracticinglawhowdidthewriterfindalawyers’workEXCEPT?A.exhausting B.enjoyable C.rewarding D.endless10.Thewritertoquithisjobasalawyerbecause________.A.hehatedworkingandwantedabreak.B.hedidn’thavegreatbenefitsC.workconsumedalmostallhistimeandenergyD.rehearsalsandperformancesalltookplaceduringhisworkhours11.Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.showhisaffectionactingB.sharehispracticallifestyleC.tellhisstoryofmakingalivingasanactD.informusofhimquittinghisjob【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者因為覺得律師工資高而選擇這個職業(yè)，但是后來他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個職業(yè)花費(fèi)了他大量的時間和精力。后來，他辭了職，重新當(dāng)上了自己喜歡的演員這個職業(yè)，重獲了快樂和自由?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Makealivingasaperformerseemedimpracticalforme.Soinsteadofstudyingdrama,Istudiedpre-law(作為一個表演者謀生對我來說似乎不切實際。所以我沒有學(xué)習(xí)戲劇，而是學(xué)習(xí)法律預(yù)科)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，靠演員維持生計不太可能，所以才選擇了法律，因此可知，作者上法律學(xué)校是因為當(dāng)演員掙得錢不足以維持生計。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二、三段的“Ihadgreatbenefits（我獲得了巨大的好處）”證明這個職業(yè)是rewarding的；“Iworkedfrom7a.m.to9p.m.sixdaysaweek（我每周工作六天，從早上7點到晚上9點）”體現(xiàn)出這個職業(yè)是endless的；“Iwasunhappyandexhausted（我不快樂，筋疲力盡）”體現(xiàn)出這個職業(yè)是exhausting的。所以文中沒有提到的是enjoyable。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Ineversawmyfriendsormyfamily(我從未見過我的朋友或家人)”和“SoImadeadrasticdecisionandquitmyjob.(所以我做了一個極端的決定，并辭掉了我的工作)”可知，工作花費(fèi)了作者大量的時間，以至于他很少有時間陪伴家人和朋友，因此作者決定辭去作律師的工作是因為工作消耗了他幾乎所有的時間和精力。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，作者前后有兩種生活方式，二、三段描述了當(dāng)律師的時候，是第一種生活方式，盡管掙了很多錢，但是沒有太多的私人時間，他并不快樂；最后一段描述了當(dāng)演員的時候，是第二種生活方式，盡管掙不了多少錢，但是他有更多的私人時間，能夠陪伴家人和朋友，因此，這篇文章的寫作目的是作者分享自己的生活方式，故選B。DTherearetwograndambitionsnowforcomputersciencetrulyintelligentmachinesanduseforquantumcomputersrecentdevelopmentssuggestnotonlythatthesegoalsshouldbeachievablebutthattheycouldbecloserthanwethink.Takethequesttodevelopartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)—AIsthatgowellbeyondbeinggoodatonespecifictask,butcaninsteaddoanythingahumancan.Somepeoplestillthinkthisisimpossible.AndyetanalysisofAIsdesignedtomasterhumanlanguagehaspromptedotherexpertstosuggestthatAGImightonlybeamatterofscalingupcurrenttechnology.BuildgiganticAIsandtrue,human-levelintelligencewillcome,theysay.This“scalinghypothesis”hascometotheforelargelythankstoGPT-3,anAIreleasedbySanFrancisco-basedOpenAIlastyearthatgeneratesremarkablyfluentstreamsofhumanlanguageoncommand.GPT-3isjustascaled-upversionofGPT-2,asimilarpredecessor.Thisnewneuralnetworkboastsanorderofmagnitudemoreparameters,equivalenttothenumberofsynapseslinkingneuronsinrealbrains,thanitsforerunner.ResearcherswhoevaluatesuchlanguageAIshavebeensurprisedbyjusttoknowhowmuchmoreadvancedGPT-3isthanGPT-2.Itcandothingsitwasn’ttrainedtodo,forexample,andtherearehintsthatitmightbecapableofhuman-likereasoning.Timewilltellifthescalinghypothesisisright.Inthemeantime,itwillbeinterestingtoseeiftheAIplayerswasthedeepestpockets,suchasDeepMind,followingOpenAI’sfocusonscaling.Howeverwhenitcomestogenuinelyuseforquantumcomputersthereisnodoubtthatscalingiskey—wearegoingtoneedmachineswiththousandsofqubits,thequantumversionofaclassicalbit.Thisiswhythenewsthatresearchershavedemonstratedaviablewaytomakesurethosequbitsdon’tconstantlyfallpreytoerrorsisabigdeal.Wemightfinallyhaveawaytoscaleupthenumberofoperationalqubitstowhatweneed.Therearestillnoguarantees.Evenso,itseemsthatcomputerscienceisstridingintothe2020sinrudehealth.12Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto“scalingup”underlinedinParagraph2?A.increasing B.revisingC.upgrading D.expanding13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.GPT-3iswaymoreadvancedthanGPT-2.B.GPT-3istotallydifferentfromGPT-2.C.Thenumberofoperationalqubitsisnotsufficientenough.D.Itwon'tbelongbeforeweseetrulyintelligentmachines.14.Accordingtothepassage,________A.genuinelyusefulquantumcomputerscouldcomeearlierthanexpected.B.expertsfirmlybelieveartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)isonlyamatteroftime.C.researchershavedemonstratedapracticalwaytoscaleupthecurrenttechnology.D.itisguaranteedthatthescalinghypothesiswillproveright.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsdevelopmentincomputerscience?A.doubtful B.optimisticC.uncertain D.pessimistic【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了計算機(jī)科學(xué)的宏偉目標(biāo)、目前技術(shù)的進(jìn)程和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，以及作者對未來計算機(jī)科學(xué)的展望。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“GPT-3isjustascaled-upversionofGPT-2,asimilarpredecessor.(GPT-3只是其前身GPT-2的升級版本)”可知，scaled-up就是在原來版本基礎(chǔ)上的升級，再結(jié)合第二段“AndyetanalysisofAIsdesignedtomasterhumanlanguagehaspromptedotherexpertstosuggestthatAGImightonlybeamatterofscalingupcurrenttechnology.(然而，在對旨在掌握人類語言的人工智能進(jìn)行分析后，其他專家認(rèn)為，實現(xiàn)通用人工智能(AGI)可能只是scalinup現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的問題)”中止劃線詞后currenttechnology可推知，scalingup也指在現(xiàn)有技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行升級，與upgrading(升級)同義。故選C項。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段“Wemightfinallyhaveawaytoscaleupthenumberofoperationalqubitstowhatweneed.(我們也許最終會有辦法把運(yùn)算量子位升級到我們需要的水平)”可推知，目前運(yùn)算量子位的數(shù)量還達(dá)不到我們需要的水平。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Thisiswhythenewsthatresearchershavedemonstratedaviablewaytomakesurethosequbitsdon’tconstantlyfallpreytoerrorsisabigdeal.Wemightfinallyhaveawaytoscaleupthenumberofoperationalqubitstowhatweneed.(這就是為什么研究人員已經(jīng)證明了一種可行的方法，以確保這些量子位不會經(jīng)常成為錯誤的犧牲品，這是一個重大的消息。我們也許終于有辦法把運(yùn)算量子位的數(shù)量放大到我們需要的水平)”可知，研究人員已經(jīng)有了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們終會把運(yùn)算量子位的數(shù)量升級到我們需要的水平，由此推知，真正有用的量子計算機(jī)可能會比預(yù)期的更早出現(xiàn)。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Evenso,itseemsthatcomputerscienceisstridingintothe2020sinrudehealth.(即便如此，計算機(jī)科學(xué)似乎正大步邁入21世紀(jì)20年代)”中“stridingintothe2020sinrudehealth”可推知，作者認(rèn)為計算機(jī)科學(xué)正大步邁入21世紀(jì)，所以他對計算機(jī)科學(xué)發(fā)展持樂觀態(tài)度。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Fewdaysagothegovernmentclosedtheschoolsforthevirus.Youwereeffectivelyyourchildren'steacherthosedays.Thatmightseemabitdaunting(令人氣餒的),butI'mheretotellyouthatit'spossible.Herearemytoptips.Don'ttryandcopytheschoolsystem.____16____Socastthataside.Stopworryingaboutit.Teachinthewaythatyouwouldteachandinthewaythatsuitsyouandyourchild.Thinkaboutsomethingtodowithtimetabling.Formanyofus,atimetableisabsolutelyessential.____17____Don'tlookonsocialmediaatthetimetablethatyourneighborhasposted；that'sallcolour-codedandterrifying.Justthinkofonethatsuitsyouandsticktothat.Haveabreathoffreshairinyourgarden.Ifyouhaveyourowngarden,rememberthatplayinginthegarden,playinginthemudiseducation.____18____Freshairwillmakethemlearnbetter.Sunshinewillbebetterforthem.____19____Asahomeeducator,ifthere'samathproblemthatthey'restrugglingwith,Icansitdownwiththem,explaintheconcept,andmakesurethey'veunderstoodit.Thisissomethingthatnotallchildrengetintheschoolsystem.Andthisissomethingthatyoucanreallymakethemostof,socherishtheopportunity.Takeadvantageofthemassivewealthofonlineresources.There'reabsolutelyloadsofthingsontheInternet.Therearesitesdedicatedtohomeeducation.There'sTwinkle,whichisareallygoodteacherresourcesite.There'sConquerMath,whichisabrilliantdailymathprogramme.____20____Thinkofitassomethingthatyourchildrencanusetogatherusefulinformation.Soyoucanworkwiththoseonlinetutorstogethertoeducateyourchildren.Tutoringyourchildrenathomeisareallygoodopportunityforyoutogettoknowyourchildren,andyoumightlearnsomethingaboutyourselfintheprocess.A.Valuetheone-to-onetimethatthisexperiencewillgiveyou.B.Don'tworryaboutwhathasbeenhappeningatschoolparticularly.C.Youneedtoknowwhatissuitableforthem,andwhatexcitesthem.D.Thewaythatteachersteachyourchildrenisverydifferentfromyours.E.Drawupaplanthatmatchesyourworkinghoursandtheirstudyinghours.F.Yourchildrendon'thavetositattheirdesksallday,staringatmathbooks.G.Don'tthinkofInternetassomethingthatyourchildrenaregoingtobegluedtoallday.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.A20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。因為新冠病毒疫情原因，政府關(guān)閉了學(xué)校，家長成了孩子們的老師，文章就家長如何在家里教育孩子提供了一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Don'ttryandcopytheschoolsystem.(不要試圖照搬學(xué)校的制度)”以及后文“Socastthataside.Stopworryingaboutit.Teachinthewaythatyouwouldteachandinthewaythatsuitsyouandyourchild.(所以先把這個扔到一邊。別擔(dān)心了。以你想要教導(dǎo)的方式，以適合你和你的孩子的方式教導(dǎo))”可知，本段是在強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)校的教育和家長的教育方式各不相同，家長不需要照搬學(xué)校的制度，用適合自己和孩子的方式進(jìn)行教導(dǎo)就好了。故D選項“老師教你的孩子的方法和你的非常不同”符合上下文語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Formanyofus,atimetableisabsolutelyessential（對我們許多人來說，時間表是絕對必要的）”可知對我們許多人來說，時間表是絕對必要的。由此可知，本句承接上文說明制定時間表的問題。故E選項“制定一份與你的工作時間和他們的學(xué)習(xí)時間相匹配的計劃”符合上下文語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouhaveyourowngarden,rememberthatplayinginthegarden,playinginthemudiseducation（如果你有自己的花園，記住在花園里玩耍，在泥里玩耍是教育）”可知，孩子們不必非要坐在書桌前才可以學(xué)習(xí)，在泥里玩也可以是一種教育。故F選項“你的孩子不必整天坐在書桌前，盯著數(shù)學(xué)書看”符合上下文語境，故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Asahomeeducator,ifthere'samathproblemthatthey'restrugglingwith,Icansitdownwiththem,explaintheconcept,andmakesurethey'veunderstoodit.Thisissomethingthatnotallchildrengetintheschoolsystem.Andthisissomethingthatyoucanreallymakethemostof,socherishtheopportunity（作為一名家庭教育工作者，如果他們遇到了數(shù)學(xué)問題，我可以和他們坐下來，解釋這個概念，確保他們理解了。這不是所有的孩子都能在學(xué)校學(xué)到的。這是你可以充分利用的東西，所以要珍惜這個機(jī)會）”可知本段是在說明家長應(yīng)當(dāng)珍惜陪伴孩子學(xué)習(xí)的這段時光。故A選項“珍惜這段經(jīng)歷給你的一對一的時間”符合上下文語境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“There'reabsolutelyloadsofthingsontheInternet.Therearesitesdedicatedtohomeeducation.There'sTwinkle,whichisareallygoodteacherresourcesite.There'sConquerMath,whichisabrilliantdailymathprogramme（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上絕對有很多東西。有一些網(wǎng)站專門提供家庭教育。有一個叫Twinkle的網(wǎng)站，這是一個非常好的教師資源網(wǎng)站。還有征服數(shù)學(xué)，這是一個很棒的日常數(shù)學(xué)節(jié)目）”可知，網(wǎng)上的資源網(wǎng)站可以幫助家長去發(fā)現(xiàn)適合孩子的，可以讓孩子興奮的東西。故C選項“你需要知道什么是適合他們的，什么能激起他們的興趣”符合上下文語境，故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Bigtreesareecologicallyimportant.Theyprovidefoodforcountlessotherspeciesand____21____formanyanimals.Withtallbranchesinthesun,theyabsorbvastamountsofenergy,whichallowsthemtoproducemassivecropsoffruitandflowers.Actually,onlyasmallnumberoftreespecieshavethegeneticabilitytogrowreallybig.Thebiggestare____22____toNorthAmerica,____23____bigtreesgrowallglobally.To____24____agiantsize,atreeneedstherightplacetoestablishitsseedlings,goodgrowing____25____andlotsoftimewithlowadultdeathrate.However,insomepartsoftheworld,populationsofbigtreesaredecliningbecausetheirseedlingscannot____26____.InsouthernIndia,forinstance,a(n)____27____non-nativebush,Lantana,isinvadingthefloorofmanyforests.Lantanagrowssothicklythatyoungtreesoften____28____totakeroot.Withnoyoungtreesto____29____them,mostofthebigtreeswillfinallydisappear.Similarly,withouttherightgrowingconditions.Treescannotgetreallybigandthereissomeevidencetosuggesttreegrowthcouldslowinwarmenvironments.Treegrowththere______30______obviouslyinwarmeryears.Duringtheday,theirgrowthshutsdownwhenitgetstoowarm,andatnightthey______31______moreenergybecausetheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)rateincreases.Withlessenergyproducedinwarmeryearsandmorebeingconsumedjusttosurvive,thereisevenlessenergy______32______forgrowth.Thetheorymeanstropicalforestswould______33______overtime.Asoldertreesdie,forestswould______34______someoftheirstoredcarbonintotheatmosphere,causingacycleoffurtherwarming,forestshrinkageandcarbon______35______.Besides,bigtreesarefacedwiththreatsfromelsewhere,survivingthestorms,meetingchallengesandgrowinghealthily.21.A.shelter B.shade C.location D.opportunity22.A.native B.natural C.foreign D.close23.A.therefore B.and C.but D.or24.A.reach B.achieve C.acquire D.land25.A.positions B.circumstances C.states D.conditions26.A.survive B.suffer C.stand D.stretch27.A.rigid B.straightforward C.aggressive D.tentative28.A.begin B.fail C.manage D.refuse29.A.recycle B.renew C.replace D.reproduce30.A.declines B.determines C.booms D.flies31.A.create B.consume C.waste D.generate32.A.applicable B.accessible C.acceptable D.available33.A.assemble B.maintain C.accumulate D.shrink34.A.extend B.guarantee C.release D.entertain35.A.accumulation B.reduction C.transmission D.emission【答案】21.A22.A23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.D34.C35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了大樹的重要性，大樹的形成條件以及如今由于氣候變暖，大樹數(shù)量減少的現(xiàn)象?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們?yōu)闊o數(shù)其他物種提供食物，為許多動物提供庇護(hù)所。A.shelter躲避處；住處；B.shade陰涼處；C.location地點；位置；D.opportunity機(jī)會。由上文“Theyprovidefoodforcountlessotherspecies”可知，大樹為動物樹木提供最基本的生長必需，即提供食物和住所，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最大的一種樹原產(chǎn)于北美，但是大樹遍布全球。A.native本地的；B.natural自然的；天然的；C.foreign外國的；D.close接近的。由下文“toNorthAmerica”可知，最大的樹產(chǎn)自北美，“benativeto”是固定搭配，表示“原產(chǎn)于”，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：最大的一種樹原產(chǎn)于北美，但是大樹遍布全球。A.therefore因此；B.and并且；C.but但是；D.or或者。前半句說最大的樹原產(chǎn)于南美，而此句是說普通的大樹分布全世界，所以前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了達(dá)到巨大的體型，樹木需要適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤絹碓?，需要良好的生長條件，以及足夠的時間來降低成蟲死亡率。A.reach到達(dá)；B.achieve實現(xiàn)；C.acquire獲得；D.land登陸。由下文“agiantsize”可知，此處表示大樹為了長到足夠大，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了達(dá)到巨大的體型，樹木需要適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤絹碓?，需要良好的生長條件，以及足夠的時間來降低成蟲死亡率。A.positions位置；B.circumstances環(huán)境；C.states國家；D.conditions條件。由上文“atreeneedstherightplacetoestablishitsseedlings,goodgrowing”可知，大樹需要適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤缴?，也需要良好的生長條件，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在世界的一些地方，大樹的數(shù)量正在減少，因為它們的幼苗無法存活。A.survive存活；B.suffer遭受；C.stand站立；忍受；D.stretch伸展。由上文“insomepartsoftheworld,populationsofbigtreesaredeclining”可知，在世界的一些地方，大樹的數(shù)量正在減少，這是因為幼苗無法存活，故選A。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，在印度南部，一種侵略性的非本土灌木，馬纓丹，正侵入許多森林的地面。A.rigid嚴(yán)格的；B.straightforward直截了當(dāng)?shù)模惶拐\的；C.aggressive好爭的；侵略的；D.tentative試探性的。由下文“Lantana,isinvadingthefloorofmanyforests”可知，馬纓丹，正侵入許多森林的地面，它們是具有侵略性的，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬纓丹長得很茂密，小樹常常無法生根。A.begin開始；B.fail失??；C.manage管理；D.refuse拒絕。由上文“Lantanagrowssothickly”可知，因為馬纓丹這種樹木長的很快，所以小樹很難生根，failtodo是固定搭配，表示“不能做某事”，故選B。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒有年輕的樹木來取代它們，大部分的大樹最終都會消失。A.recycle循環(huán)；B.renew更新；C.replace代替；D.reproduce繁殖；復(fù)制。由上下文“Withnoyoungtreesto____9____them,mostofthebigtreeswillfinallydisappear.”可知，沒有小樹可以生存長大來代替死去的大樹，所以大部分大樹最終會消失，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在溫暖的年份，那里的樹木生長明顯下降。A.declines減少；下降；B.determines決定；C.booms繁榮；D.flies飛。由上文“thereissomeevidencetosuggesttreegrowthcouldslowinwarmenvironments”可知，有證據(jù)表明，大樹在溫暖的環(huán)境中會長得慢，所以在溫暖的年份，那里的樹木生長明顯下降，故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：白天，它們的生長因為溫度過高而停止，到了晚上，它們消耗更多的能量，因為它們的新陳代謝率增加了。A.create制造；B.consume消費(fèi)；C.waste浪費(fèi)；D.generate產(chǎn)生；引起。由上下文“atnightthey____11____moreenergybecausetheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)rateincreases.”可知，在晚上，大樹新陳代謝率增加了，所以消耗更多能量，故選B。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著溫暖年份產(chǎn)生的能量越來越少，為了生存而消耗的能量越來越多，可用于生長的能量就越來越少。A.applicable適用的；B.accessible可進(jìn)入的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.available可利用的。由下文“forgrowth”可知，此處表示生長所需要的能量，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個理論意味著熱帶森林會隨著時間而萎縮。A.assemble集合；B.maintain維持；C.accumulate積累；D.shrink縮水；減少。由下文“forestshrinkage”可知，這個理論意味著熱帶森林慢慢會萎縮，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著老樹的死亡，森林會把它們儲存的碳釋放到大氣中，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步變暖，森林萎縮和碳排放的循環(huán)。A.extend延伸；B.guarantee保證；C.release釋放；D.entertain使娛樂。由上下文“Asoldertreesdie,forestswould____14____someoftheirstoredcarbonintotheatmosphere”可知，隨著老樹的死亡，森林會把它們儲存的碳釋放到大氣中，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著老樹的死亡，森林會把它們儲存的碳釋放到大氣中，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步變暖，森林萎縮和碳排放的循環(huán)。A.accumulation積累；B.reduction減少；C.transmission傳播；傳遞；D.emission排放物。由上文“Asoldertreesdie,forestswould____14____someoftheirstoredcarbonintotheatmosphere”可知，隨著老樹的死亡，森林會把它們儲存的碳釋放到大氣中，這會造成碳排放的循環(huán)，故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。CarvedintothecliffsabovetheDachuanRiver,theMogaoCavesrepresentthegreatInall,492cavesare____37____(present)preserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsandover2,000paintedsculptures,____38____provideanabundanceofvividmaterialsdemonstrating____39____(vary)aspectsofmedieval(中世紀(jì)的)politics,economics,culture,arts,religion,ethnicrelations,anddailydressinwesternChina.Thecaves____40____(link)tothehistoryoftranscontinentalrelationsandofthespreadofBuddhismthroughoutAsia,____41____(offer)invaluablereferenceforstudyingthecomplexhistoryofancientChinaandCentralAsia.In1961,theMogaoCaveswerelistedasoneoftheStatePriorityProtectedSitesandput____42____theprotectionofnationallaws.In1987,thecaveswereregisteredontheWorldHeritageList.Foryears,theAdministrativeInstitutionoftheMogaoThegoalofthefutureis____44____(conduct)themeasuressetoutinthemanagementplanbythe____45____(schedule)time,andmakeitshistoricalvalueavailabletofuturegenerations.【答案】36.achievement##achievements37.presently38.which39.various40.arelinked41.offering42.under43.hasbeencooperating44.toconduct45.scheduled【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講解了莫高窟保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀、歷史以及對未來保護(hù)的規(guī)劃?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：莫高窟雕刻在大川河畔的懸崖峭壁上，代表了1000多年來佛教藝術(shù)的偉大成就。設(shè)空處前為形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞形式。achievement可做抽象名詞指“成就”故用achievement；當(dāng)作具體名詞時，可看作可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)的形式，故答案為achievement(s)【37題詳解】考查副詞。句意：目前保存下來的洞穴共有492個，壁畫面積約為45,000平方米。設(shè)空處后為動詞，副詞修飾動詞，故應(yīng)用副詞的形式。故答案為presently?！?8題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：2000多件彩繪雕塑，提供了豐富生動的資料，展示了中國西部中世紀(jì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、藝術(shù)、宗教、民族關(guān)系和日常服飾的各個方面。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作指物的主語。先行詞為sculptures雕塑，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故答案為which?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意見上題解析。設(shè)空處后為名詞，形容詞修飾名詞，故設(shè)空處為形容詞形式。故答案為various?！?0題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：這些洞穴與跨越大陸的關(guān)系史和佛教在亞洲的傳播史有關(guān)，為研究古代中國和中亞的復(fù)雜歷史提供了寶貴的參考。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語thecaves之間是被動關(guān)系。敘述客觀事實應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故答案為arelinked?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些洞穴與跨越大陸的關(guān)系史和佛教在亞洲的傳播史有關(guān)，為研究古代中國和中亞的復(fù)雜歷史提供了寶貴的參考。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語，和句子的主語之間為邏輯主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。故答案為offering.【42題詳解】考查介詞。句意：1961年，莫高窟被列為國家重點文物保護(hù)單位，受到國家法律保護(hù)。undertheprotectionof…“在……的保護(hù)之下”為固定短語。故答案為under?！?3題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：多年來，莫高窟管理機(jī)構(gòu)一直與國際同行合作，研究保護(hù)和遺址管理。結(jié)合時間狀語foryears和語境可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并會持續(xù)到將來，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，主語為不可數(shù)名詞，助動詞用has。故答案為hasbeencooperating。【44題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：未來的目標(biāo)是在預(yù)定的時間內(nèi)執(zhí)行管理計劃中規(guī)定的措施。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語，表示將來要發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用動詞不定式的形式。故答案為toconduct?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意見上題解析。設(shè)空處在句中作定語，和所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系為邏輯被動關(guān)系。應(yīng)用動詞的過去分詞形式。故答案為scheduled。第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46.假如你是李華，為落實“五育并舉”的育人目標(biāo)，你校決定開展“勞動月（LabourMonth）”活動，請你以學(xué)生會的名義用英文寫一份倡議稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動的目的；2.活動的主要內(nèi)容；3.發(fā)出倡議。注意：1.寫作次數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Dearfellows,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dearfellows,Ourschoolhasdecidedtoholdthe“LabourMonth”,aimingtoraisestudents’awarenessofthesignificanceoflabourandhelpthemacquiresomebasiclifeskills.Anabundanceofactivitieswillbeincluded,likevisitingalocalfactory,workingontheschoolfarm,aspeechcontestonlabour,adisplayofdishescookedbystudents,etc.Everystudentisexpectedtotakeanactivepart,whichwillnotonlyboostyourcomprehensivequalitiesbutalsobetterprepareyouforthefuture.【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生以學(xué)生會的名義就勞動月寫一篇倡議書。【詳解】1.詞匯積累重要性：significance→importance比賽：contest→competition提升：boost→improve品質(zhì)/能力：qualities→abilities2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：Ourschoolhasdecidedtoholdthe“LabourMonth”,aimingtoraisestudents’awarenessofthesignificanceoflabourandhelpthemacquiresomebasiclifeskills.拓展句：Ourschoolhasdecidedtohol