外文翻譯有關(guān)模具

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助!譯文一：模具的發(fā)展趨勢1．模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三維化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展

（1）模具軟件功能集成化

模具軟件功能的集成化要求軟件的功能模塊比較齊全，同時各功能模塊采用同一數(shù)據(jù)模型，以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的綜合管理與共享，從而支持模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造、裝配、檢驗(yàn)、測試及生產(chǎn)管理的全過程，達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳效益的目的。如英國Delcam公司的系列化軟件就包括了曲面/實(shí)體幾何造型、復(fù)雜形體工程制圖、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)高級渲染、塑料模設(shè)計(jì)專家系統(tǒng)、復(fù)雜形體CAM、藝術(shù)造型及雕刻自動編程系統(tǒng)、逆向工程系統(tǒng)及復(fù)雜形體在線測量系統(tǒng)等。集成化程度較高的軟件還包括：Pro/ENGINEER、UG和CATIA等。國內(nèi)有上海交通大學(xué)金屬塑性成型有限元分析系統(tǒng)和沖裁模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)；北京北航海爾軟件有限公司的CAXA系列軟件；吉林金網(wǎng)格模具工程研究中心的沖壓模CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng)等。

（2）模具設(shè)計(jì)、分析及制造的三維化

傳統(tǒng)的二維模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)已越來越不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)和集成化技術(shù)要求。模具設(shè)計(jì)、分析、制造的三維化、無紙化要求新一代模具軟件以立體的、直觀的感覺來設(shè)計(jì)模具，所采用的三維數(shù)字化模型能方便地用于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的CAE分析、模具可制造性評價(jià)和數(shù)控加工、成形過程模擬及信息的管理與共享。如Pro/ENGINEER、UG和CATIA等軟件具備參數(shù)化、基于特征、全相關(guān)等特點(diǎn)，從而使模具并行工程成為可能。另外，Cimatran公司的Moldexpert，Delcam公司的Ps-mold及日立造船的Space-E/mold均是3D專業(yè)注塑模設(shè)計(jì)軟件，可進(jìn)行交互式3D型腔、型芯設(shè)計(jì)、模架配置及典型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。澳大利亞Moldflow公司的三維真實(shí)感流動模擬軟件MoldflowAdvisers已經(jīng)受到用戶廣泛的好評和應(yīng)用。國內(nèi)有華中理工大學(xué)研制的同類軟件HSC3D4.5F及鄭州工業(yè)大學(xué)的Z-mold軟件。面向制造、基于知識的智能化功能是衡量模具軟件先進(jìn)性和實(shí)用性的重要標(biāo)志之一。如Cimatron公司的注塑模專家軟件能根據(jù)脫模方向自動產(chǎn)生分型線和分型面，生成與制品相對應(yīng)的型芯和型腔，實(shí)現(xiàn)模架零件的全相關(guān)，自動產(chǎn)生材料明細(xì)表和供NC加工的鉆孔表格，并能進(jìn)行智能化加工參數(shù)設(shè)定、加工結(jié)果校驗(yàn)等。

（3）模具軟件應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化趨勢

隨著模具在企業(yè)競爭、合作、生產(chǎn)和管理等方面的全球化、國際化，以及計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得在模具行業(yè)應(yīng)用虛擬設(shè)計(jì)、敏捷制造技術(shù)既有必要，也有可能。美國在其《21世紀(jì)制造企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略》中指出，到2006年要實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車工業(yè)敏捷生產(chǎn)/虛擬工程方案，使汽車開發(fā)周期從40個月縮短到4個月。2.模具檢測、加工設(shè)備向精密、高效和多功能方向發(fā)展（1）模具檢測設(shè)備的日益精密、高效

精密、復(fù)雜、大型模具的發(fā)展，對檢測設(shè)備的要求越來越高。現(xiàn)在精密模具的精度已達(dá)2～3μm，目前國內(nèi)廠家使用較多的有意大利、美國、日本等國的高精度三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)，并具有數(shù)字化掃描功能。如東風(fēng)汽車模具廠不僅擁有意大利產(chǎn)3250mm×3250mm三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)，還擁有數(shù)碼攝影光學(xué)掃描儀，率先在國內(nèi)采用數(shù)碼攝影、光學(xué)掃描作為空間三維信息的獲得手段，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了從測量實(shí)物→建立數(shù)學(xué)模型→輸出工程圖紙→模具制造全過程，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了逆向工程技術(shù)的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用。這方面的設(shè)備還包括：英國雷尼紹公司第二代高速掃描儀(CYCLONSERIES2)可實(shí)現(xiàn)激光測頭和接觸式測頭優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)，激光掃描精度為0.05mm，接觸式測頭掃描精度達(dá)0.02mm。另外德國GOM公司的ATOS便攜式掃描儀，日本羅蘭公司的PIX-30、PIX-4臺式掃描儀和英國泰勒·霍普森公司TALYSCAN150多傳感三維掃描儀分別具有高速化、廉價(jià)化和功能復(fù)合化等特點(diǎn)。

（2）數(shù)控電火花加工機(jī)床

日本沙迪克公司采用直線電機(jī)伺服驅(qū)動的AQ325L、AQ550LLS-WEDM具有驅(qū)動反應(yīng)快、傳動及定位精度高、熱變形小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。瑞士夏米爾公司的NCEDM具有P-E3自適應(yīng)控制、PCE能量控制及自動編程專家系統(tǒng)。另外有些EDM還采用了混粉加工工藝、微精加工脈沖電源及模糊控制(FC)等技術(shù)。（3）高速銑削機(jī)床(HSM)銑削加工是型腔模具加工的重要手段。而高速銑削具有工件溫升低、切削力小、加工平穩(wěn)、加工質(zhì)量好、加工效率高(為普通銑削加工的5～10倍)及可加工硬材料(<60HRC)等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因而在模具加工中日益受到重視。瑞士克朗公司UCP710型五軸聯(lián)動加工中心，其機(jī)床定位精度可達(dá)8μm，自制的具有矢量閉環(huán)控制電主軸，最大轉(zhuǎn)速為42000r/min。意大利RAMBAUDI公司的高速銑床，其加工范圍達(dá)2500mm×5000mm×1800mm，轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)20500r/min，切削進(jìn)給速度達(dá)20m/min。HSM一般主要用于大、中型模具加工，如汽車覆蓋件模具、壓鑄模、大型塑料等曲面加工，其曲面加工精度可達(dá)0.01mm。外文原文:Dietrend1．moldCAD/CAE/CAMbeingintegrated,three-dimensional,intelligentandnetworkdirection(1)moldsoftwarefeaturesintegratedDiesoftwarefeaturesofintegratedsoftwaremodulesrequiredrelativelycomplete,whilethefunctionmoduleusingthesamedatamodel,inordertoachieveSyndicatednewsmanagementandsharingofinformationtosupportthemolddesign,manufacture,assembly,inspection,testingandproductionmanagementoftheentireprocesstoachieveoptimalbenefits.SeriessuchastheUKDelcam'ssoftwarewillincludeasurface/solidgeometricmodeling,engineeringdrawingcomplexgeometry,advancedrenderingindustrialdesign,plasticmolddesignexpertsystem,complexphysicalCAM,artisticdesignandsculptureautomaticprogrammingsystem,reverseengineeringandcomplexsystemsphysicallinemeasurementsystems.Ahigherdegreeofintegrationofthesoftwareincludes:Pro/ENGINEER,UGandCATIA,etc..ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,ChinawithfiniteelementanalysisofmetalplasticformingsystemsandDieCAD/CAMsystems;BeijingBeihangHaierSoftwareLtd.CAXASeriessoftware;JilinGoldGridEngineeringResearchCenterofthestampingdiemoldCAD/CAE/CAMsystems.(2)molddesign,analysisandmanufactureofthree-dimensionalTwo-dimensionalmoldoftraditionalstructuraldesigncannolongermeetmoderntechnicalrequirementsofproductionandintegration.Molddesign,analysis,manufacturingthree-dimensionaltechnology,paperlesssoftwarerequiredtomoldanewgenerationofthree-dimensional,intuitivesensetodesignthemold,usingthree-dimensionaldigitalmodelcanbeeasilyusedintheproductstructureofCAEanalysis,toolingmanufacturabilityevaluationandCNCmachining,formingprocesssimulationandinformationmanagementandsharing.SuchasPro/ENGINEER,UGandCATIAsoftwaresuchaswithparametric,feature-based,allrelevantcharacteristics,sothatmoldconcurrentengineeringpossible.Inaddition,CimatrancompanyMoldexpert,Delcam'sPs-moldandHitachiShipbuildingofSpace-E/moldareprofessionalinjectionmold3Ddesignsoftware,interactive3Dcavity,coredesign,moldbasedesignconfigurationandtypicalstructure.AustraliancompanyMoldflowrealisticthree-dimensionalflowsimulationsoftwareMoldflowAdvisersbeenwidelypraisedbyusersandapplications.ChinaHuazhongUniversityofSciencehavedevelopedsimilarsoftwareHSC3D4.5FandZhengzhouUniversity,Z-moldsoftware.Formanufacturing,knowledge-basedintelligentsoftwarefunctionisameasureofdieimportantsignofadvancedandpracticalone.(3)moldsoftwareapplications,networkingtrendWiththemoldintheenterprisecompetition,cooperation,productionandmanagement,globalization,internationalization,andtherapiddevelopmentofcomputerhardwareandsoftwaretechnology,theInternethasmadeinthemoldindustry,virtualdesign,agilemanufacturingtechnologybothnecessaryandpossible.TheUnitedStatesinits"21stCenturyManufacturingEnterpriseStrategy"thattheautoindustryby2006toachieveagilemanufacturing/virtualengineeringsolutionstoautomotivedevelopmentcycleshortenedfrom40monthsto4months.2．moldtesting,processingequipmenttotheprecise,efficient,andmulti-direction(1)moldtestingequipmentmoresophisticated,efficientSophisticated,complex,large-scalemolddevelopment,testingequipmenthavebecomeincreasinglydemanding.PrecisionMouldprecisionnowreached2~3μm,moredomesticmanufacturershavetouseItaly,theUnitedStates,Japanandothercountriesinthehigh-precisioncoordinatemeasuringmachine,andwithdigitalscanning.SuchasDongfengMotorMouldFactorynotonlyhasthecapacity3250mm×3250mmItaliancoordinatemeasuringmachine,alsohasadigitalphotographyopticalscanner,thefirstinthedomesticuseofdigitalphotography,opticalscanningasameansofspatialthree-dimensionalaccesstoinformation,enablingtheestablishmentfromthemeasurementofphysical→modeloutputofengineeringdrawings→→thewholeprocessofmoldmaking,reverseengineeringasuccessfultechnologydevelopmentandapplications.Thisequipmentinclude:second-generationBritishRenishawhigh-speedscanners(CYCLONSERIES2)canberealizedandcontactlaserprobecomplementaryprobe,laserscanneraccuracyof0.05mm,scanningprobecontactaccuracyof0.02mm.AnotherGermancompanyGOMATOSportablescanners,JapanRoland'sPIX-30,PIX-4desktopscannerandtheUnitedKingdomTaylorHopson'sTALYSCAN150multi-sensor,respectivelyThree-dimensionalscannerwithhighspeed,low-costandfunctionalcompositeandsoon.(2)CNCEDMJapanSodicklinearmotorservodriveusingthecompany'sAQ325L,AQ550LLS-WEDMhavedrivenfastresponse,transmissionandhighpositioningaccuracy,theadvantagesofsmallthermaldeformation.SwitzerlandChanmiercompanyNCEDMwithP-E3adaptivecontrol,PCEenergycontrolandautomaticprogrammingexpertsystems.OthersalsousedthepowdermixedEDMmachiningtechnology,micro-finishingpulsepowerandfuzzycontrol(FC)technologies.(3)high-speedmillingmachine(HSM)Millingisanimportantmeansofcavitymold.Thelow-temperaturehigh-speedmillingwiththeworkpiece,cuttingforceissmall,smoothprocessing,processingquality,processingefficiency(forthegeneralmillingprocess5to10times)andcanprocesshardmaterials(<60HRC)andmanyotheradvantages.Thusinthemoldprocessingmoreandmoreattention.RuishikelangcompanyUCP710-typefive-axismachiningcenter,machinetoolpositioningaccuracyupto8μm,home-madeclosed-loopvectorcontrolspindlewithamaximumspeed42000r/min.ItalyRAMBAUDI'shigh-speedmilling,theprocessingrangeofupto2500mm×5000mm×1800mm,speedup20500r/min,cuttingfeedspeedof20m/min.HSMgenerallyusedlarge,medium-sizedmold,suchasmotorcovermold,diecastingmold,largeplasticsurfacemachining,thesurfaceprecisionupto0.01mm.譯文二：快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)類型快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度與壽命又能滿足生產(chǎn)上的使用要求，是綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比較顯著的一類制造模具的技術(shù)，概括起來，有以下幾種類別。1.表面成型制模技術(shù)

表面成型制模技術(shù)，主要是利用噴涂、電鑄、化學(xué)腐蝕等新的工藝方法形成型腔表面及精細(xì)花紋的一種工藝技術(shù)。

2.澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)的共同特點(diǎn)是依樣件為基準(zhǔn)，澆鑄出凸、凹模，型腔表面不需要機(jī)械加工。

3.擠壓成型技術(shù)

（1）冷擠壓成型

利用鈹銅合金的良好的導(dǎo)熱性和穩(wěn)定性，經(jīng)固熔時效處理后，采用冷擠壓制造模具凹模型腔。其特點(diǎn)是制造周期短，型腔精度高(IT7級)，表面粗糙度Ra=0.025μm,強(qiáng)度高，壽命可達(dá)50萬次，無環(huán)境污染。

（2）超塑成型制模技術(shù)

該技術(shù)是利用金屬材料在細(xì)化晶粒、一定成型溫度、低變形速率條件下，材料具有最佳超塑性時，將事先制作好的凸模，用較小的力便可擠壓出凹模的一種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。超塑成型材料的典型代表是Zn-22%AL。

4.無模多點(diǎn)成形技術(shù)

無模多點(diǎn)快速成形技術(shù)是以CAD/CAM/CAT技術(shù)為主要手段，利用計(jì)算機(jī)控制高度可調(diào)基本體群形成上下成形面，代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)模具對板料進(jìn)行三維曲面成形的又一現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)。此項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以隨意改變變形路徑與受力狀態(tài)，提高材料的成形極限，可反復(fù)成形，以此消除材料內(nèi)部的殘余應(yīng)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)無回彈成形。

5.凱維朗(KEVRON)鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)

新型鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)是一種不同于一般具有凸、凹模結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼帶模，它是由單刃鋼帶與特制墊板組成的新型快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。這種模具重量輕，一般只有200kg，加工精度為

±0.35-0.50mm，可適合各種黑色和有色金屬的0.5-0.65mm厚的板料加工。壽命可達(dá)到5-25

萬次，制造成本低。

6.模具毛坯的快速制造技術(shù)—實(shí)型鑄造

由于大量的模具是屬于單件或小批量生產(chǎn)，模具毛坯的制造質(zhì)量和周期及成本對最終的模具質(zhì)量和周期及成本的影響是至關(guān)重要的。

現(xiàn)代模具毛坯已廣泛地采用子實(shí)型鑄造技術(shù)，所謂實(shí)型鑄造就是利用泡沫塑料(聚苯乙烯—PS或聚甲基丙烯酸酯—PMMA)制作代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的木模或金屬模，造型后不需取出模型，便可以澆鑄，泡沫塑料模型的高溫液體金屬作用下，迅速燃燒氣化而消失，金屬液取代原來泡沫塑料模型所占有的位置，冷凝后形成鑄件。實(shí)型鑄造在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中有下列幾種情況。

（1）干砂實(shí)型鑄造

即用55-100目的全干沒有任何粘結(jié)劑的石英砂造型，用EPS或PMMA泡沫塑料制作的模型涂掛0.2-1mm厚透氣性良好的耐火涂料層，以提高鑄件表面光潔度，防止粘砂或塌箱。

（2）負(fù)壓實(shí)型鑄造

負(fù)壓實(shí)型鑄造又稱V法造型。該技術(shù)是使用全干而無粘結(jié)劑的石英砂做型砂，用EPS或PMMA泡沫塑料做模型，在塑料薄膜的密封條件下，讓整個鑄型在負(fù)壓條件下(真空度0.4-0.67MPa)進(jìn)行液體金屬澆鑄，鑄件凝固后解除負(fù)壓即可得到表面光潔的鑄件。

（3）樹脂砂實(shí)型鑄造

利用樹脂砂做型砂，用EPS或PMMA泡沫塑料做模型，在常溫、常壓下進(jìn)行液體金屬澆鑄而制取鑄件。利用實(shí)型鑄造的技術(shù)制造模具毛坯具有尺寸精度高(ISO9級)，加工余量小(一般在5mm左右)，不需要拔模斜度，不需要制型芯與泥芯撐，節(jié)省金屬材料，節(jié)省做木模型的木材，制造周期短，成本低。該技術(shù)適合大型、復(fù)雜、單件模具毛坯的生產(chǎn)。陶瓷型精鑄、失蠟精鑄等技術(shù)在提高模具毛坯精度、降低加工工時、縮短制造周期、降低成本等方面也顯示出其特有的優(yōu)越性。

7.其它方面技術(shù)為了簡化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，降低模具成本，縮短模具制造周期，在國內(nèi)外也先后出現(xiàn)了一些其它方面新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，如快換模架、沖壓單元、刃口堆焊、鑲塊鑄造、氮?dú)鈴椈傻取?/p>

外文原文：FasteconomicalpatternmakingstechnologiestypeThefasteconomicalpatternmakingtechnologyandthetraditionalmachine-finishingcompares,hasthepatternmakingcycleshort,thecostislow,theprecisionandthelifecansatisfyintheproductiontheoperationrequirements,issynthesizesaneconomicefficiencyquiteremarkablekindtomakethemoldthetechnology,summarizesbelow,hasseveraltypestoleave.1．surfacestakeshapethepatternmakingtechnologyThesurfacetakesshapethepatternmakingtechnology,mainlyistheusespurtsspreads,theelectrolyticcasting,chemistrycorrosionandsoonthenewtechniqueformationcavitysurfaceandthefinepatternonekindofcrafttechnology.2．sprinkletocastintothetypesystemmoldtechniqueSprinklingtocastintotechnicalandcommoncharacteristicsofthetypesystemmoldisaccordingtothekindpieceforbasis,sprinkleaconvexandcavemold,asurfacedonotneedthemachinetoprocess.3．extrusionstakesshapethetechnology(1)coldextrusionstakesshapeUsingtheberylliuimcopperalloygoodthermalconductivityandthestability,afterthesolidmeltagingtreatmentofmetal,usetheswagingpressuretomakethemoldconcavemodelcavity.Itscharacteristicismakesthecycleshort,thecavityprecisionishigh(theIT7level),surfaceroughnessRa=0.025mum,Theintensityishigh,thelifemayreach500,000times,doesnothavetheenvironmentalpollution.(2)ultramodelstakesshapethepatternmakingtechnologyThistechnologyisusingthemetalmaterialinthethincrystalgrain,certainlytakesshapethetemperature,underthelowdistortionspeedcondition,whenthematerialhasthebestsuperplasticity,toesattendtocarryoutraisedmoldwhichtheinitiativefinishes,thenmayextrudetheconcavemoldwiththesmallstrengthonekindoffasteconomicalpatternmakingtechnology.UltramodelstakesshapematerialtypicalrepresentativeisZn-22%AL.4．doesnothavethemoldmulti-spotsformingtechnologyDoesnothavethemoldmulti-spotsfastformingtechnologyisbyCAD/CAM/CATThetechnologyisthemainmethodabout,mayadjustthebasemainbodygrouphighlyusingthecomputercontroltoformformsthesurface,replacesthetraditionalmoldtocarryonthethreedimensionalcurvedsurfaceformingtothesheetanmodernadvancedmanufacturetechnology.Thistechnologymaychangethedistortionwayandthestressfulconditionatwill,enhancesthematerialtheformedlimit,mayformrepeatedly,bythiseliminationmaterialinteriorremainingstress,therealizationdoesnothavethesnappingbackforming5．triumphantUygurbrightsteelbeltblankingfallsthematerialpatternmakingtechnologyThenewsteelbeltblankingfallsthematerialpatternmakingtechnologyisonekindisdifferentwithhasraised,theconcavemoldstructuresteelbeltmoldgenerally,itiswithspeciallymakesthenewfasteconomicalpatternmakingtechnologybythesingleedgesteelbeltwhichthebackingstripiscomposed.Thiskindofmoldweightislight,onlythen200kg,theprocessingprecisionfor±0.35-0.50mm,maysuiteachkindofblackandthenon-ferrousmetal0.5-0.65mmthicksheetprocessinggenerally.Thelifemayachieve5-25tenthousand,theproductioncostislow.6.moldssemifinishedmaterialsfastmanufacturetechnologysolidcastingBecausethemassivemoldsarebelongtothesingleunitortheproduction,themoldsemifinishedmaterialsmanufacturequalityandthecycleandthecosttothefinalmoldqualityandcyclicalandthecostinfluenceareveryimportant.Themodernmoldsemifinishedmaterialswidelyhaveusedtheseedscastingtechnology,theso-calledsolidcastingis(polystyrenePSeitherpolymethacrylatePMMA)manufacturesusingthefoamplasticsreplacestraditionalthewoodenmoldorthemetalpattern,afterthemodellingdoesnothavetotakeoutthemodel,thenmaythecasting,underthefoamplasticsmodelhightemperatureliquidmetalfunction,deflagratethegasificationbuttovanish,themoltenmetalsubstitutionoriginalfoamplasticsmodelholdstheposition,afterthecondensationformsthecasting.Thesolidcastinghasthefollowingseveralkindofsituationsinthepracticalapplication.(1)drysandssolidcastingNamelyalldoesnotdoanycementingagentquartzsandmodellingwith55-100goal,spreadswithEPSorthePMMAfoamplasticsmanufacturemodelhangsthe0.2-1mmthickpermeabilitygoodfireproofcoatinglevel,byenhancesthecastingsuperficiallyattractivefineness,preventedthefatsandorcollapsesthebox.(2)negativecompactionscastingThenegativecompactioncastingcallsVlawmodelling.Thistechnologyistheusealldoesbutdoesnothavethecementingagentthequartzsandtomakethemoldingsand,makesthemodelwithEPSorthePMMAfoamplastics,inundertheplasticfilmsealcondition,en