2022屆高三英語(yǔ)一模二模試題分類匯編廣東及新高考I卷專題01閱讀理解（解析版）

2022屆高三英語(yǔ)一模二模試題分類匯編廣東及新高考I卷

專題01閱讀理解（解析版）

目錄

一、廣東佛山?二模（4月）

二、廣東廣州?二模（4月）

三、廣東茂名?二模（4月）

四、廣東梅州?二模（4月）

五、廣東汕頭?二模（4月）

六、廣東深圳?二模（4月）

七、廣東湛江?二模（4月）

八、廣東順德?一模

九、廣東廣州?一模

十、廣東茂名?一模

H^一*、廣東梅州一'模

十二、廣東汕頭?一模

一、廣東佛山?二模（4月）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Marathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,but

alsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemost

breathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou'llbetempted（誘惑）torunholdingacamera.

Ultra-trailAngkor,Cambodia

ThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutes

aroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevines

thatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.

DodoTrail,Mauritius

Crossingniggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfoilofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodo

birdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,a

beginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail（10km）iseasier.

GreatOceanRoadmarathon,Australia

Anotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia'sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceevery

May.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforest

and,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthe

toughestmarathons.

BigFivemarathon,SouthAfrica

MarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependent

ontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers-Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos-

asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.

1.Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?

A.Ultra-trailAngkor.B.DodoTrail.

C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.

2.Whydoesthewritermention"neck-ache“inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?

A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.

B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.

C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.

D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.

3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?

A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.

C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.

【1~3題答案】

【答案】1.B2.A3.C

【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了最美麗的、會(huì)讓人忍不住帶著相機(jī)跑的四個(gè)馬拉松。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiver

Peak,abcginncr-tricndlyMiniDodoTrail（10km）iseasier.”（雖然50公里的極限路線需要跨越828米高的Black

RiverPeak,但對(duì)初學(xué)者友好的MiniDodoTrail（10公里）是比較容易的。）可知，對(duì)于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的跑步者而

言,DodoTrail比較合適。故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Ncck-achccouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,

andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo.”（脖子疼可能是個(gè)問(wèn)題：一個(gè)方向是風(fēng)景優(yōu)

美的南海，另一個(gè)方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運(yùn)的話，還會(huì)有一兩只考拉。）可知，沿途有很多優(yōu)美的風(fēng)

景，作者以“脖子疼”這種幽默的口吻敘述，是為了突出美麗的風(fēng)景。故選A項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhug

someofthegreatbuildings.”（小心猴子，還有那些令人難忘的纏繞著一些偉大建筑的巨大藤蔓。）,第二個(gè)小

標(biāo)題下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamous

dodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”（穿過(guò)崎嶇的海岸線和熱帶森林，DodoTrail之路到處都是野生動(dòng)物，盡管

著名的渡渡鳥(niǎo)已經(jīng)滅絕。），第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenic

SouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo."（脖子疼可能是個(gè)問(wèn)題：一個(gè)方向

是風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的南海，另一個(gè)方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運(yùn)的話，還會(huì)有一兩只考拉。廠以及第四個(gè)小標(biāo)

題下的"Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers-Africanelephants,Cape

buffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos-asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”（比賽的開(kāi)始時(shí)間取決于“五大”成員

（非洲象、非洲水牛、獅子、豹子和犀牛）在比賽日的地點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榻M織者試圖確保能看到這些動(dòng)物。）可知，

這四個(gè)馬拉松沿途都能看到野生動(dòng)物。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

Likemanyconstructions,itstartedsmall.Butnowthousandsofchildrenwithautism（自閉癥）aremaking

friendsandlearningsocialskillsbyplayingaspecialversionofonlinebuildinggameMinecraft.

StuartDuncangottheideathroughapopularblogheranabouthisownexperienceswithautismaswellas

bringingupasonwithautism.Otherparentswithautisticchildrenstartedtellinghimthattheirkidswerecrazy

aboutagamethatletthemexplorearandomlygeneratedwilderness.However,despitelovingthegame,manyof

thechildrenwerebeingbullied（霸凌）byotherplayers.

So,in2013,Duncan,awebdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildren

withautismandtheirfamilies.Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundreds

requestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishis

ftill-timcjob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmany

activities."Parentsseesuchabenefitforthemselvesandtheirchildren,saysDuncan.

InMinecraft,youuseblocksofmaterialslikewoodandstonetobuildwhateveryoulike."Thisisagreatway

forthemtoplayagametheylove,butalsohaveasocialexperience,9,saysKateRinglandfromtheUniversityof

California,whohasspent60hoursinsidethisvirtualworld,watchinghowthekidsplayandchattooneanother.

“It'sgivinganalternativewayforthesekidstoexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewithoutthestressesofthe

physicallifestuff.”

Everydaysocialsituationscanbechallengingforautisticchildren,whomaystruggletopickuponsocial

signalsorunderstandanotherperson'sviewpoint.DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicalofthe

realworld.Thereisnonoisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract（使分心）you,nopressuretotracktheother

person'sfacialexpressionsorworryabouteyecontact.JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststep

tofeelinglesssociallyanxiousandmoreengaged.

4.WhatinspiredDuncantorunAutcraft?

A.OnlineBullying.B.Hisson'srequest.

C.Someparents'advice.D.Hisblogaboutautism.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAutcrajtfromParagraph3?

A.Ithasabout7,000engineers.

B.Itwasanunexpectedsuccess.

C.Ithelpedparentsplaywiththeirkids.

D.Itremainsaccessibletoallthepeople.

6.HowdoesMinecrafthelpchildrenaccordingtoDuncan?

A.Byteachingcommunicationskills.

B.Bysolvingtheirrealworldproblems.

C.Byexplainingotherpeople'sviewpoints.

D.Byofferingstress-freesocialexperiences.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowCanWeDealWithAutism?B.WhatMakesMinecraftSoFamous?

C.WhyDoOnlineGamesBenefitChildren?D.HowDoesAnteraftHelpAutisticChildren?

【4?7題答案】

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了現(xiàn)在成千上萬(wàn)的自閉癥兒童正在通過(guò)玩一款特殊版本的在線建筑

游戲用山比/?碩結(jié)交朋友，學(xué)習(xí)社交技能，網(wǎng)站開(kāi)發(fā)者鄧肯還為自閉癥孩子開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)特殊版本4〃心迎，

Autcraft幫助自閉癥孩子減少社會(huì)焦慮，增加社會(huì)參與度。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,despitelovingthegame,manyofthechildrenwerebeingbullied（霸凌）by

otherplayers.（然而，盡管喜愛(ài)這款游戲，許多孩子還是被其他玩家霸凌）”以及第三段“So,in2013,Duncan,a

webdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildrenwithautismandtheir

families.（因此，在2013年，加拿大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)發(fā)者鄧肯建立了一個(gè)服務(wù)器，只為自閉癥兒童及其家庭運(yùn)行

的一個(gè)版本）”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸凌激勵(lì)了鄧肯去開(kāi)發(fā)了出“仃幼。故選A。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundreds

requestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishis

full-timejob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmany

activities.（他原以為這個(gè)僅限邀請(qǐng)的服務(wù)器能吸引10到20人，但在最初兒天就有數(shù)百人請(qǐng)求加入?，F(xiàn)在，

差不多三年過(guò)去了，他的全職工作就是運(yùn)行特殊版本的4w。何九這個(gè)社區(qū)有近7000名成員，還有一個(gè)工

程師團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)幫助管理它的許多活動(dòng)）“可知，鄧肯原以為這個(gè)服務(wù)器能吸引的人不多，但之后用戶很多。由

此可知，獲得了意料之外的成功。故選B。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicaloftherealworld.Thereisno

noisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract（使分心）you,nopressuretotracktheotherperson'sfacial

expressionsorworryabouteyecontact.（Duncan認(rèn)為Minecraft消除了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的典型壓力。這里沒(méi)有嘈雜或

不熟悉的環(huán)境讓你分心，沒(méi)有追蹤對(duì)方面部表情的壓力，也沒(méi)有擔(dān)心眼神交流）”可知，鄧肯認(rèn)為M山ecr碩

通過(guò)提供無(wú)壓力的社交體驗(yàn)來(lái)幫助自閉癥孩子。故選D。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了現(xiàn)在成千上萬(wàn)的自閉癥兒童正在通過(guò)玩一款特殊版本的在線建筑

游戲Minecraft結(jié)交朋友，學(xué)習(xí)社交技能，網(wǎng)站開(kāi)發(fā)者鄧肯還為自閉癥孩子開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)特殊版本Autcraft,

結(jié)合最后一段“JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststeptofeelinglesssociallyanxiousand

moreengaged.（加入像Autcraft這樣的社區(qū)可能是減少社交焦慮、增加社交參與度的良好第一步）“可知，

Autcraft可以減少自閉癥孩子的社交焦慮，幫助他們?cè)黾由缃粎⑴c度，所以D^Autcraft如何幫助自閉癥

兒童?”符合文章中心主旨，適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選D。

C

Itissomethingonehalfofthepopulationhaslongsuspectedandtheotherhalfalwaysvocallydenied-women

reallydotalkmorethanmen.Infact,womentalkalmostthreetimesasmuchasmen,withtheaveragewoman

chalkingup20,000wordsinaday-13,000morethantheaverageman.

Womenalsospeakmorequickly,devotemorebrainpowertochit-chat,andactuallyenjoyhearingtheirown

voices,anewbooksuggests.Thebook-writtenbyafemalepsychiatrist,Dr.LuanBrizendine-saysthatinherent

（生來(lái)就有）differencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrainexplainwhywomenarenaturallymoretalkativethan

men.

InTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothewomb（子宮）,wherethesex

hormone（激素）calledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,

emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisbom.

Theresultisthatboys-andmen-chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggletoexpresstheiremotionsto

thesameextent.t4Womenhaveaneight-lanesuperhighwayforprocessingemotion,whilemenhaveasmallcountry

road,"saidBrizendine.

Thereare,however,advantagesofbeingthestrong,silenttype.Brizendineexplainsinherbookthat

testosteronealsoreducesthesizeofthesectionofthebraininvolvedinhearing-allowingmentobecome”deaf*'to

themostlogicalargumentsputforwardbytheirwivesandgirlfriends.

Otherscientists,however,saymanyofthedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepersonalitycanbe

explainedbysocialconditioning,withachild'supbringinggreatlyinfluencingtheircharacter.

DeborahCameron,anOxfordUniversitylinguisticsprofessorwithaspecialinterestinlanguageandgender,

saidtheamountwetalkisinfluencedbywhowearcwithandwhatwearedoing.4tIfyoulookthroughalarge

numberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk,“sheadded.

8.WhichclaimdoesthebookTheFemaleMindprobablysupport?

A.Womenenjoyarguing.B.Womenarebomtalkative.

C.Womenaregreatpublicspeakers.D.Womentakeprideintheirtalents.

9.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“moulds“inParagraph3?

A.Influences.B.Stimulates.C.Enlarges.D.Harms.

10.HowaremenaffectedbytestosteroneaccordingtoDr.Brizendine?

A.Theyhaveasmallsizeofbrain.B.Theyarenotsologicalintalking.

C.Theyareusuallylesscommunicative.D.Theyareunwillingtolistentofemales.

11.WhatmessagedoesCameroncarryinthelastparagraph?

A.Furtherstudiesneedtobecarriedout.

B.Genderseldomaffectsone'stalkingstyle.

C.Theamountwetalkshapesourcharacter.

D.Mentalkasmuchaswomenonthewhole.

【8?11題答案】

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是女性話比男性更多，并對(duì)其原因進(jìn)行分析。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“【nTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothe

womb,wherethesexhormonecalledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsiblefbr

communication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.（在《女性思維》一書中，布里

曾丹說(shuō)，這種差異可以追溯到子宮，在那里，被稱為睪丸激素的性激素塑造了男性大腦的發(fā)育。在男孩出

生前，負(fù)責(zé)溝通、情感和記憶的區(qū)域都在減少。）“可知，根據(jù)這本書的說(shuō)法，話多不多是在出生前就決定

了，丁加凡用ReM比d可能支持的說(shuō)法是女人天生健談。故選B。

【9題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的"Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreduced

beforeababyboyisborn.（在男孩出生前，負(fù)責(zé)溝通、情感和記憶的區(qū)域都在減少。）”，這說(shuō)明男孩兒還在

子宮里的時(shí)候，被稱為睪丸激素的性激素影響了男性大腦的發(fā)育，使負(fù)責(zé)溝通、情感和記憶的區(qū)域減少，

因此劃線詞moulds的意思是“影響"，和Influences意思相近，故選A。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Theresultisthatboys-andmen-chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggleto

expresstheiremotionstothesameextent.（其結(jié)果是，男孩以及男人比他們的女性同伴更少聊天，并

且難以在同樣程度上表達(dá)自己的情感。）“可知，睪丸激素使男性不太愛(ài)說(shuō)話，故選C。

【11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittle

differencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk（如果你看過(guò)大量的研究，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)男人和女人說(shuō)話的數(shù)量

差別不大）”可知，卡梅倫在最后一段傳達(dá)的信息是總的來(lái)說(shuō)，男人說(shuō)話的次數(shù)和女人一樣多，故選D。

D

Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmore

thanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.

Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatistical

models.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople'sdailyappuse

patterns.

Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingleday

ofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous（匿名的）.Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofapp

usagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.

Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto,itcouldalsoprovidea

listofthemosttotheleastlikelycandidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecific

dayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikely

candidates.

Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement（執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)）investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal?snewphonewith

thesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,000phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissing

them.

Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone'sstandardactivitylogging

couldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser'sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.An

identificationispossiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.

Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphone

automatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson'sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,it

alsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.

12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Toconfirmanassumption.

C.Toshowaresearchprocess.D.Topresentaresearchfinding.

13.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?

A.Byrecordingappusetime.B.Bystudyingappusagedata.

C.Bycomparingdifferentapps.D.Bychangingappusepatterns.

14.Whatisthefunctionofthestatisticalmodels?

A.Locatingcriminals.B.Trackingusageofapps.

C.Identifyingphoneusers.D.Predictingtrendsofapps.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsappusagedata?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.

【12?15題答案】

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A

【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了研究表明一個(gè)人使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序留下的數(shù)據(jù)可以泄露個(gè)人身份。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythem

fromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.（研究人員表示，在超過(guò)三分之一的案例中，

一個(gè)人在不同的智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間足以從一個(gè)更大的群體中識(shí)別出他們。廠以及下文對(duì)這項(xiàng)

研究的講述可知，本文的目的是呈現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysof

appusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodels

learnedpeople'sdailyappusepattems.（研究人員分析了780人的智能手機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)。他們將4680天的應(yīng)用使用

數(shù)據(jù)輸入到統(tǒng)計(jì)模型中。每天與780名用戶中的一名進(jìn)行配對(duì)，以便于這些模型可以了解人們的日常應(yīng)用

使用模式。）”可推斷，研究人員通過(guò)研究應(yīng)用程序的使用數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)得出結(jié)論。故選B。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhen

providedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous（匿名的）.Themodels,whichwere

trainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymous

dataonethirdofthetime.（研究人員隨后測(cè)試，當(dāng)只提供一天的匿名智能手機(jī)活動(dòng)時(shí)，模型能否識(shí)別出個(gè)人。

這些模型只接受了六天的應(yīng)用程序使用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練，就可以在這個(gè)時(shí)間的三分之一的時(shí)間里從一天的匿名數(shù)

據(jù)中識(shí)別出正確的人。戶可知，這些模型的功能是識(shí)別手機(jī)用戶。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Therelbre,itisimportanttoacknowledgethat叩pusagedataalone,whichis

oftencollectedbyasmartphoneautomatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson'sidentity.Whileprovidingnew

opportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.（因此，認(rèn)識(shí)至lj僅

僅是應(yīng)用程序使用數(shù)據(jù)，這經(jīng)常是智能手機(jī)自動(dòng)收集的，就可能會(huì)泄露一個(gè)人的身份是重要的。在為執(zhí)法

提供新機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)，如果這類數(shù)據(jù)被濫用，也會(huì)給隱私帶來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。戶可推斷，作者對(duì)待應(yīng)用程序使用數(shù)據(jù)

的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故選A。

二、廣東廣州?二模（4月）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Likehumans,animalsneedsleeptoo.Abigproblemforanimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesaway

whiletheysleep.Animalstakecareofthisproblemindifferentways.

Anolislizardsliveinmanyareasincludingtropicalrainforests.Theyoftensleeponleavesattheendoflong

branches.Aleafmightseemlikeastrangebed,butitworkslikeanalarm.Ifahungrysnakewigglesabranch,the

lizardwakesupandleapstosafety.

Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitselfanew,comfortablebedto

sleepin.Scientistsbelievechimpanzeescarefullychooseatreethatisstrong,wheretheybuildanestusingbranches

andleaves.

Parrotfishliveamongcoralreefsinoceans.Everynight,patTotfishusuallysleepclosetotherockinsheltered

places.Someparrotfishgoonestepfurtherbyquicklymakingaslimelayerthatcoverstheirwholebody.This

coveringactslikeasleepingbagthatprovidesabarrieragainstdanger.

Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean'ssurfacetobreathe.Theyalsoneedto

watchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin'sbrainsleeps,theotherhalfstaysawake.After

awhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes.

Sootyternshavethemostamazingsleep.Theynestonislands.Whentheyarenotnesting,theylivefbrmany

yearsintheskyandonthesea'ssurface.Whenandwherecantheysleep?Scientistsbelievetheyareabletosleep

whiletheyareflying,stayingoutofthereachofenemies.

1.Whatisthesharedconcernwhenwildanimalssleep?

A.Quietness.B.Timelength.C.Comfort.D.Safety.

2.Whichanimalsneedthemostpreparationbeforesleep?

A.Anolislizards.B.Chimpanzees.C.Parrotfish.D.Sootyterns.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthesleepinghabitofbottle-noseddolphins?

A.Theysleeponthejob.B.Theydon'tsleepatall.

C.Theysleepdeepintheocean.D.Theysleeptheleastofallanimals.

【1?3題答案】

【答案】1.D2,B3,A

【解析】本篇是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了自然界一些動(dòng)物用不同睡覺(jué)方式讓敵人遠(yuǎn)離自己。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一自然段“Abigproblemfbranimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesawaywhilethey

sleep."（對(duì)于野生動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)它們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，一個(gè)大的問(wèn)題就是遠(yuǎn)離它們的敵人。）可知，野生動(dòng)物在

睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候共享的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是要注意敵人，也就是注意安全，故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitself

anew,comfortablebedtosleepin."（黑猩猩非常重視它們的睡覺(jué)。每天，黑猩猩都會(huì)為它自己建一個(gè)新的，

舒服的床睡覺(jué)。）可知，黑猩猩認(rèn)真對(duì)待自己的睡眠，每次睡覺(jué)都做一只新床，因此推斷黑猩猩睡覺(jué)前需

要最多的準(zhǔn)備，故選B。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二自然段“Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean'ssurface

tobreathe.Theyalsoneedtowatchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin'sbrainsleeps,the

otherhalfstaysawake.Afterawhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes."（瓶鼻海豚需要睡

覺(jué)，但它們必須待在海洋表面才能呼吸。他們還需要照顧自己的孩子。他們?cè)趺醋瞿?？?dāng)海豚的一半大腦

睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，另一半保持清醒。過(guò)一會(huì)兒，睡覺(jué)的這一半醒過(guò)來(lái)，然后另一半開(kāi)始打盹。）可知，海豚的

睡覺(jué)習(xí)慣是邊睡覺(jué)邊工作，故選A。

B

AndrewBastawrouswas12whenhefoundouthecouldbarelysee.Hewasthensociallyawkward,failingat

schoolandterribleatballgames.

Glassesturnedhislifearound,yetevenasachildhewasawareofhowluckyhewas.Bastawrousgrewupin

theUK,buthisfamilywouldvisitpoorpartsofEgypt,wherehisparentswerefrom.4<Nobodythereworeglasses,

butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,"hesays."Itfeltincrediblyunfair.At16,1decidedIwasn'tgoingtofeel

guiltyaboutitanymore.^^Hedetenninedthereandthentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.

In2012,heandhiswifemovedwiththeirone-year-oldsontoasmalltown5hours'drivefromNairobi.They

hadlimitedelectricityandrunningwater.For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheir“mobile”

eyeclinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewas

anotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon'tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteye

surgeons?That'sprobablyapipedream.^^

AllthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfundamentalwasneeded.Sohestartedexploringwaysto

replacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedanapp-basedvisualtestthat

gathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecriticaldifferenceisthatalmostanyone

cancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundedacharitablecompanytodevelopand

applythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthatenabledasmartphonecameratotake

hospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.

That'saprettygoodstart,butBastawroushashissightssetskyhigh."Ifeelwe'reatatippingpointnowwhere

thisenormousproblemwillbecomeahistoricalthing.That'swhenI'llsleepeasy,”hesays.

4.WhatdroveBastawroustobecomeaneyesurgeon?

A.Hispersonalmisfortune.

B.Hisburningsenseofinjustice.

C.Hisambitiontoturnhislifearound.

D.Hisguiltaboutleavinghishomecountry.

5.WhatcanweinferaboutBastawrous^first18monthsinAfrica?

A.It'shardandproblematic.B.It'schallengingbutfruitful.

C.It'sadventurousandunrealistic.D.It'sfundamentalbutinnovative.

6.Bastawrous^innovationcanbedescribedas.

A.cheapandconvenienttreatmentsforpatients.

B.avirtualandcompletechangefromaclassictest.

C.asmartandpopularisedapplicationoftechnology.

D.fastandeffectivetrainingsofmedicalprofessionals.

7.WhatdoBastawrous^wordsinthelastparagraphshow?

A.Hismodestattitudetohispastachievements.

B.Hisoptimisticviewsonthecureforblindness.

C.Hisstrongbeliefintheeffectsoffuturetechnology.

D.Hisfirmdeterminationtocarryonhischallengingcareer.

【4?7題答案】

【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AndrewBastawrous為非洲近視人群的診治所作出的努力。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段后幾句""Nobodythereworeglasses,butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,"hesays.“It

feltincrediblyunfair.At16,IdecidedIwasn'tgoingtofeelguiltyaboutitanymore.^^Hedeterminedthereand

thentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.（“那里沒(méi)有人戴眼鏡，但我知道有些人需要眼鏡，”他說(shuō)?！斑@感覺(jué)

非常不公平。16歲時(shí)，我決定不再為此感到內(nèi)疚?！彼?dāng)即決心成為一名眼科醫(yī)生，并且他做到了）''可知，

作者認(rèn)為需要戴眼鏡的人卻無(wú)法戴到眼鏡，這是不公平的，這種不公正感使得作者產(chǎn)生成為眼科醫(yī)生的決

定。故選Bo

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段后幾句“For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheirttmobile^^eye

clinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewas

anotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon'tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteye

surgeons?That'sprobablyapipedream/X18個(gè)月來(lái)，每次Bastawrous和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)在新地點(diǎn)建立他們的"移動(dòng)”

眼科診所時(shí)，他們都不得不將笨重、易損的醫(yī)院設(shè)備在全國(guó)拖來(lái)拖去。還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題，正如一位當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)生

所描述的，“我們甚至連足夠的醫(yī)生都沒(méi)有，現(xiàn)在你還需要眼科醫(yī)生？那可能是白日夢(mèng)?？?知，在最初

的18個(gè)月里，Bastawrous和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨著重重困難和問(wèn)題。故選A。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AHthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfiindamentalwasneeded.Sohestarted

exploringwaystoreplacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedan

app-basedvisualtestthatgathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecritical

differenceisthatalmostanyonecancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundeda

charitablecompanytodevelopandapplythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthat

enabledasmartphonecameratotakehospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.（JW有這止0都Bastawrous確

信，需要一些基本的東西。因此，他開(kāi)始探索用一款簡(jiǎn)單、方便的設(shè)備取代診所的方法：智能手機(jī)。他參

與共同開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)基于應(yīng)用程序的視覺(jué)測(cè)試，使用與傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試類似的原理收集同樣多的信息。關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別

在于，幾乎任何人只要經(jīng)過(guò)幾分鐘的訓(xùn)練就可以做到