建筑英語(yǔ)知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹(shù)2023年山東建筑大學(xué)

建筑英語(yǔ)知到章節(jié)測(cè)試答案智慧樹(shù)2023年最新山東建筑大學(xué)第一章測(cè)試

RalphWaldoEmersonwasawellknownAmericanwriterandphilosopher.

hesaidofGreekarchitectureasthefloweringofgeometry.Translated,EmersonwasreferringtoelaborationoftheGreekarchitectureanditsmasteryoforder.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

JohnRuskin,aBritishauthor,poetandartistsaidofarchitecture:thatthemeresightofit,maycontributetohismentalhealth,powerandpleasure.Inotherwords,architectureisaninspirationand__________.

參考答案:

innovation

Withthesefundamental_________ofarchitecture,wecanmakeadesignedcup,spoonorteakettle,wecandesignaflowofinformationonawebsite,wecanfigureoutaplanfororganizingspace,wecanhaveaman-madebuildingforstructureorwecanaccomplishadesignforcity,town,parkorlandscape.

參考答案:

principles

ThebooknamedTenBooksonArchitectureisadirect,anddetailedintroductionofarchitecturefrom________,toarchitecturalstyle,columnsandordersaswellasengineeringandmachinery.

參考答案:

thecitysiteselection;variousbuildingdesignprinciples;thegeneraltheory;architecturaleducation

Vitruviuswastheonewho,inventedtheideathatallbuildingsshouldhavethreeattributesofarchitecture:_______________.

參考答案:

beauty;strength;utility

TheAncientGreeksadopted

themodularconceptintheirarchitecturesystems,accordingtotheproportionsoftheClassicalOrder.Translatetheterm"theproportionsoftheClassicalOrder"intoChinese.

參考答案:

古典秩序比例

Ichnographyismadebythepropersuccessiveproportions,throughwhichwegetoutlinesfortheplansurfacesofbuildings.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Orthographyisapictureofthefrontofabuilding,setuprightandproperlydrawnintheproportionsofthefuturework.Translatetheterm"orthography"intoChinese.

參考答案:

正視圖

_______orperspectiveisthemethodofsketchingafrontwiththesides,withdrawingintothebackgroundandthelineswouldallmeetinthecenterofacircle

參考答案:

Scenography

Economyprincipleofarchitecture:（1）Thepropermanagementofmaterialsandofsite;abalanceofcostandcommonsense.（2）Differentkindsofdwellingsshouldbesuitablefordifferenthouseholders.

參考答案:

對(duì)

第二章測(cè)試

Selectionofappropriatematerialsandtechnologymustbeconsidered,testedandreviewedatanearlystageinthedesigntoensuretherearenosetbackswhichmayoccurlater.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Whichsoftwareisoneoftheeasiestprogramstounderstandbutitssimplicityalsomeansthatithaslimitedrenderingcapabilities?

參考答案:

SketchUp

Whichsoftwareissimplythebestforrealisticvisualization?

參考答案:

V-Ray

Whichsoftwareisahigh-qualityimageproducingsoftware,perfectforfinalrenderingsandtouch-ups?

參考答案:

Photoshop

Whichprizeissaidtobeawarded"irrespectiveofnationality,race,creedorideology"?

參考答案:

PritzkerArchitecturePrize

Whichseekstoidentifyandencouragearchitecturalconceptsinthefieldsofcommunitydevelopment,areaconservation,contemporarydesign,preservationoftheenvironment

andlandscapedesign?

參考答案:

AgaKhanAwardforArchitecture

Architectsarenotjustinvolvedinthedesignofabuilding.Asaprofessional,theyarealsoresponsibleforpublicsafetyandoverseeingofprojects.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Thespecwriter'sjobistomakesurethatthemanycomponentsofabuildingfitandworktogether.

參考答案:

對(duì)

RIBAisthe

highestannualhonorawardedby

theAmericanInstituteofArchitects.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Whichhonorsanarchitect(orgroupofarchitects)havingdistinguishedthemselvesthroughtheirworkandprofessionalpracticebythequalityofservicesrenderedtomanandsociety?

參考答案:

UIAGoldMedal

第三章測(cè)試

Civilengineeringistheapplicationofphysicalandscientificprinciples,anditshistoryisintricatelylinkedtoadvancesinunderstandingofphysicsandmathematicsthroughouthistory.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Notallmaterialsusedinarchitecturalstructuresbehaveelasticallywithinacertaindefinedrangeofloading.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Theelasticmodules,isameasureoftheresistanceofamaterialtodeformationunderload.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Concretecanbemadestrongerundertensionbyaddingmetalrods,wires,meshorcablestothecomposite.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Masonrywallsbecomeunstableatrelativelysmallheights.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Thepropertiesoftimberarenon-linearandveryvariable,dependingonthequality,treatmentofwood,andtypeofwoodsupplied.

參考答案:

對(duì)

PeopleknowonwhatprincipleLiChunmadeZhaozhouBridge.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Whichplaceisthemost-visitedpaidmonumentintheworld?

參考答案:

EiffelTower

Iftheloadingisincreasedaboveacertaindefinedrange,brittleandplasticcanoccur.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Structuralsteelisavailableinstandardshapessuchare______.

參考答案:

Allthechoices

第四章測(cè)試

Costestimationforaprojectaimstoprovidetheanswerstoarangeofquestions,includingthefollowing:

參考答案:

Whatistheriskandhowmuchmoneyshouldbeheldinreserve?;Whatiscostofthesingleunit?;Howmanymoneydoesthetotalprojectcost?;Howmuchprofitcanbemade?;Arethesubcontractorsaskingforareasonableprice?;Howmuchmoneydoweneedandwhen?

Acostestimateestablishesthebaselineoftheprojectcostatdifferentstagesofdevelopmentoftheproject.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Inmicroeconomics,therelationshipbetweentheoutputofaprocessandthenecessaryresourcesisreferredtoastheproductionfunction.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Aproductionfunctionrelatestheamountorvolumeofoutputtothevariousinputsoflabor,materialandequipment.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Ideally,theallocationofjointcostsshouldbecausallyrelatedtothecategoryofbasiccostsinanallocationprocess.Inmanyinstances,however,acausalrelationshipbetweentheallocationfactorandthecostitemcannotbeidentifiedormaynotexist.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Inconstruction,whichmaybeexpressedbytherelationshipbetweenthevolumeofconstructionandafactorofproductionsuchaslabororcapital?

參考答案:

Productionfunction

Thebasicideainallocationofjointcostsisthateachexpenditureitemcanbeassignedtoparticularcharacteristicoftheoperation.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Therelationshipbetweenthesizeofabuildingproject(expressedinsquarefeet)totheinputlabor(expressedinlaborhourspersquarefoot)isanexampleof______forconstruction.

參考答案:

Productionfunction

Attheveryearlystage,______isusuallymadebeforethefacilityisdesigned,andmustthereforerelyonthecostdataofsimilarfacilitiesbuiltinthepast.

參考答案:

null

______ismadewhenthescopeofworkisclearlydefinedandthedetaileddesignisinprogresssothattheessentialfeaturesofthefacilityareidentifiable

參考答案:

null

第五章測(cè)試

在國(guó)際工程中，應(yīng)用最廣泛的就是國(guó)際咨詢(xún)工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)(FIDIC)編制的各類(lèi)合同條件。

參考答案:

對(duì)

國(guó)際工程中的保函有______。

參考答案:

履約擔(dān)保(SuretyBond);母公司擔(dān)保(ParentCompanyGuarantee/Bond);支付保函(PaymentGuarantee);預(yù)付款保函(BankGuaranteeforAdvancePayment);履約保函(BankPerformanceGuarantee)

起草國(guó)際工程信函文件的人員應(yīng)具備以下條件：

參考答案:

各選項(xiàng)都是

在公開(kāi)招標(biāo)方式下，業(yè)主通常在國(guó)際有關(guān)知名報(bào)刊上發(fā)布招標(biāo)廣告，并且要進(jìn)行資格預(yù)審。

參考答案:

對(duì)

即使發(fā)現(xiàn)某一投標(biāo)書(shū)有問(wèn)題，業(yè)主/工程師也不可以邀請(qǐng)投標(biāo)者澄清或確認(rèn)。

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

如果業(yè)主決定采用國(guó)際公開(kāi)招標(biāo)，就必須發(fā)布招標(biāo)廣告。

參考答案:

對(duì)

bid與tender的用法相近，在大部分情況下可以相互替換。tender常見(jiàn)于英國(guó)、國(guó)際咨詢(xún)工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)(FIDIC)編制的工程合同文件中，bid常見(jiàn)于世界銀行、美國(guó)等國(guó)家編制的工程合同文件中，但在實(shí)踐中，這兩個(gè)詞常?；煊?。

參考答案:

對(duì)

在承包商投標(biāo)前，為澄清投標(biāo)者在編標(biāo)時(shí)的疑問(wèn)，通常業(yè)主會(huì)召集投標(biāo)者開(kāi)一個(gè)標(biāo)前會(huì)議，常常伴隨著現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察。

參考答案:

對(duì)

Projectmanager在我國(guó)和國(guó)外均指承包商的項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人。

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

中標(biāo)通知書(shū)，也稱(chēng)為中標(biāo)函，是在評(píng)標(biāo)結(jié)束后業(yè)主/工程師通知投標(biāo)者的一封信函。

參考答案:

對(duì)

第六章測(cè)試

ThebasiccharacteristicsofChineseancientarchitecturesystem?

參考答案:

apitchedroof;araisedplatform

Theimmediatefunctionofraisingtheroofedgesistopermitlighttopenetratetotheinteriorofthebuilding.

參考答案:

對(duì)

TwogrammarbooksofChineseancientarchitectureare《營(yíng)造法式》_《工程做法則例》

參考答案:

對(duì)

whatisthemostcompletebookofarchitecturaltechnologyinancientChina

參考答案:

《營(yíng)造法式》

磚石建筑的英文翻譯：stonemasonry

參考答案:

對(duì)

雕飾的英文翻譯：ornamentalcarving

參考答案:

對(duì)

立柱的英文翻譯：FacadeColumns

參考答案:

對(duì)

WhycanChineseancientarchitecturesystembekeptforthousandsyears?

參考答案:

flexibility;adaptability

Thetou-kungplaystheleadingroleinChinesebuilding.

參考答案:

對(duì)

第七章測(cè)試

WhataretheperiodsofthewoodenarchitectureinChina?

參考答案:

ThePeriodofVigor;ThePeriodofelegance;ThePeriodofrigidity

Theoldestwoodenstructureis佛光寺________

參考答案:

對(duì)

_rigorousandrobustproportions____isthefeatureofFoguangtemple.

參考答案:

對(duì)

ThePeriodofVigorisinTangdynasty.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

WhatcanbefoundinFoguangtemple?

參考答案:

painting;sculpture;calligraphy

屋檐的英文翻譯：eave

參考答案:

對(duì)

瓷磚的英文翻譯：tile

參考答案:

對(duì)

柱頂過(guò)梁的英文翻譯：architrave

參考答案:

對(duì)

補(bǔ)間鋪?zhàn)鞯挠⑽姆g：intermediateset

參考答案:

對(duì)

_diminution__isthechangeofTougongintheeleganceperiod.

參考答案:

對(duì)

第八章測(cè)試

Ittakeslongtimeformasonrypagodatotakeplaceofwoodenpagoda

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

multi一storiedtowersurmountedbyapileofmetaldiscs_isthefeatureoftheChinesepagoda.

參考答案:

對(duì)

WhataretheperiodsofChinesepagoda?

參考答案:

simplicity;variety;elaboration

_應(yīng)縣木塔isthetallestandoldestexistingwoodentowerinChina.

參考答案:

對(duì)

_Thesquareplanandtheone-cellhollowconstructionisthemostprominentcharacteristicsofThePeriodofSimplicity.

參考答案:

對(duì)

One一storiedPagodasissmall.

參考答案:

對(duì)

“九頂塔”isthatninesmallsquaremulti-eavedpagodasareclusteredontopofanoctagonalone-storiedpagoda

參考答案:

對(duì)

壁柱的英文翻譯:pilaster

參考答案:

對(duì)

Theoctagonalplanbecamethenorm,thesquareplantheexceptioninThePeriodofElaboration.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Comparedtotheirnortherncounterparts，southernstylearecharacterizedbyamarkedslendernessingeneralproportion

參考答案:

對(duì)

第九章測(cè)試

TheearliestbridgesinChinaismadeofstone.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

拱橋的英文翻譯:spandrelbridge

參考答案:

對(duì)

BridgedesignbecamestandardizedintheMingdynasty.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

TheearliestbridgesinChinawerepontoonbridgesusedforcrossingwiderivers.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Itwasnotuntilthe3rdcenturyA.D.,thatthefirstarchedbridgewasrecordedinliterature.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

TheoldestarchedbridgeinChinatodayistheAn-chiCh‘iao

參考答案:

對(duì)

theAn-chiCh‘iaowasbulitinTangdynasty.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

TheprincipalarchofAn-chibridgiscomposedoftwenty-nineseparatestringsofarches

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

theLittleStoneBridgewasbuiltbyLichun.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

theLu-kouCh’iaowasbulitinSongdynasty.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

第十章測(cè)試

JosephofEgyptapriest,healer,andanarchitectwasthedesignerofthefirsteverEgyptianpyramidstandingat1776feetinheight.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

The92-feethighPyramidofKhafrewasdevelopedbutendedupbecauseofitsconstructionflaws.whichpartlycollapsedwhileitwasbeingbuilt.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

IfonedividestheperimeterofPyramidbyitsheight,

one

obtains

a

closeapproximationto__________.

參考答案:

2PI

TheentranceoftheEgyptaintemplewashighlightedby_______whichtowereduptobeabout40metershigh.

參考答案:

pylons

Dipteraltemplesisadoublerowofcolumnssurroundthebuilding.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Amphiprostyletemplehascolumnsatboththefrontandtherear.

參考答案:

對(duì)

TheinnerbuildingofParthenonisalongrectangle,comprising3roomsthatshareasolidwall,includingalargerroomand2smallerroom.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Ahorizontalpartinclassicalarchitecturethatrestsonthecolumnsandconsistsofarchitrave，friezeandcornice.Translatetheterm"cornice"intoChinese.

參考答案:

檐口

InDoricOrder,thecolumnshaftissimpleandtapered,meaningitiswideratthebasethanthetop.Eachcolumnhas20parallel,verticalgroovescalled_______.

參考答案:

flutings

Thetopcenterstoneofthearchiscalledthekeystone,isthelastblocktobeinserted.Translatetheterm"keystone"intoChinese.

參考答案:

拱頂石

第十一章測(cè)試

SquinchesandPendentives:are

Architecturalsupportsthatbridgethedifferencebetweenasquareroomandthecurveddomethatrisesaboveit.

Translatetheterm"squinch"intoChinese.

參考答案:

突角拱

SquinchesandPendentives:are

Architecturalsupportsthatbridgethedifferencebetweenasquareroomandthecurveddomethatrisesaboveit.

Translatetheterm"pendentive"intoChinese.

參考答案:

穹隅

theDurhamchurchisrelativelydarkasmostRomanesquechurcheshaverathersmallclerestory.Andinterestinglythosewindowsareslightlyinset.

參考答案:

對(duì)

ThisredirectionofforcefromahorizontaltoamoreverticalplaneisoneofthecharacteristicsofByzintinearchitecture.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Avaultisessentiallyanextended_______madeofmasonryusedtoroofabuilding.

參考答案:

arch

Inearlyvaultedbuildings,thebasearchwasthestandardsemicirculararch.Thentherecamebarrelvault.Itwasveryheavy,anditsstresslinestendedtopushoutthewallsofthebuilding.Translatetheterm"barrelvault"intoChinese.

參考答案:

筒拱

Groinvaultcouldredirecttheweightofthevaulttoafewpointsinsteadofhavingitspreadtheentirewall.Translatetheterm"groinvault"intoChinese.

參考答案:

棱拱

Victorianarchitectureisn'tlimitedtoonespecificstyle.Instead,it'sabroadtermthatdescribesthemanydifferentstylesthatemergedduringVictoria's65yearsasqueen.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Theuseofthreedimensionalwoodtrimcalled________wasanAmericaninnovationmadepossiblebythetechnologicaladvancesinthemassproductionofwoodtrimsandtheeaseofimprovedrailroadtransport.Translatetheterm"spindlework"intoChinese.

參考答案:

spindlework

UnlikeByzantinearchitecture,RomanesquemovementtookoffindependentlyinavarietyofplacesfromItalytoEngland,eachwithitsownuniqueform.

參考答案:

對(duì)

第十二章測(cè)試

Muchstrongerandmorelight-weightedthaniron,metalframingnotonlymeantbuildingscouldbemuchtaller,butwindowsopeningscouldalsobemuchlarger.

參考答案:

對(duì)

MetalFramingbecomeoneofessentialcharacteristicsof_______,afamousschoolinthehistoryofmodernarchitecture.

參考答案:

ChicagoSchool

Shinyglasstowers,oneofthemostcommonmodernarchitecturalstyles,popupacrosscitiesskylinesthroughoutmostofthe______.Modernarchitecturebegantoshapethelivesofeverydaypeople.

參考答案:

1950s-1960

AmericanarchitectLouisSullivanpublishedhisfamousmodernconcept“FunctionFollowsForm"whichwouldgoontoinfluencegenerationsofarchitectsanddesigners.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Modernconcreteblendsarereinforcedwithsteelfibersand__________forstrengthandtopreventcracking.

參考答案:

waterreducingpolymers

_________isatypicalsubstructure.Itconsistsofcolumn,ironplate,steelbeamsandconcretepad.

參考答案:

SpreadFooting

Topreventthewindonthetoprockingtower,manyskyscrapersemploythe

TunedMassDamper.Translatetheterm“TunedMassDamper”intoChinese.

參考答案:

調(diào)諧質(zhì)塊阻尼器

Adefiningprincipleofbrutalismisanobviousfocusonarchitecturalstyleitselfandattentiononthesculpturalform.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Brutalismwasatermappliedtothearchitecturalstyleofexposedroughconcreteandlargemodernistblockforms,whichstartedinthe1950sandflourishedinthenext20years.

參考答案:

對(duì)

TheTaipei101,forinstance,hassuspendeda________abovethe87thfloor.Whenwindmovesthebuilding,thisorbswaysintoaction,absorbingthebuilding’sswayingenergy.

參考答案:

metalorb

第十三章測(cè)試

TheGoldenrulesforarchitecturalheritageconservationrefertothefollowing:

1.Theminimumeffectiveactionisalwaysthebest.2.Theconservationshouldbereversibleanddoesnotprohibitpossiblefutureinterventions.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Reconstructionofhistoricarchitecturareferstotheactorprocessofdepicting,bymeansofnewconstruction,theform,features,anddetailingof_____________orobjectforthepurposeofreplicatingitsappearanceataspecificperiodoftimeandinitshistoriclocation.

參考答案:

structure;non-survivingsite;building;landscape

Woodshingleswerenotpopularinallperiodsofwesternbuildinghistory.Thesizeandshapeoftheshinglesaswellasthedetailingoftheshingleroofdifferaccordingtoregionalcraftpractices.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

_________,terneplateandgalvanizediron,arethecommonlyusedmetalroofingmaterials.

參考答案:

tinplate;Lead;copper;zinc

Invaryingdegrees,eachofthesesheetmetalsarelikelytodeterioratefromchemicalactions,suchas_______________.

參考答案:

acidsfromlichen

ormosses;airbornepollutants;acidrainwater

Aphysicalinvestigationoftheroofinganditsstructuremayrevealinformationabouttheroof'sconstructionhistory.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Specialroofingmaterials,suchas__________,canbeproducedbymanufacturersofrelatedproductsthatarecommonlyusedelsewhereontheexteriororinteriorofastructure.

參考答案:

metalshingles;tiles

Inancientbuildings,woodshingles,muchwiderthanabout6cm,wouldbesplitwhenwalkedon,ortheymaycurlorcrackfromvaryingtemperatureandmoisture.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Duringthestabilizationprocess,manyremainsoftheoldAstleycastlearefoundintheruinsincludingtheoldstonestepsfromstaircaseandsomepiecesof__________fromthedemolishedoldchurchandcuriouslittlestonemasonmarks.

參考答案:

windowtracery

St.Paul’sCathedral,consideredthemotherchurchofLondon,wasseverelydamagedintheGreatFireofLondonin1666.Thereconstructiontook________years,partlyduetothechallengeingettingsuppliesofPortlandstone.

參考答案:

33

第十四章測(cè)試

TherearethreeentrancesinthesouthwestoftheoldvillalocatedinShandongJianzhuUniversity.Thefoundationbelowthewaistlineismadebyregular________,andthewallismadebyredbrick.WhileThewindowsillismadebycarvedblueslate.

參考答案:

bluestone

At11:00PMonMarch1,2009,________composedbyloadingequipmentandatractorunit,withitsownpowerplantand128wheels,wasusedtomovethe320tonsoldvillatoitsnewhomethecampusofShandongJianzhuUniversity.

參考答案:

thelargehydraulicflattrailer

Railwayculturalelements,suchasplatform,railwaytrack,railwaystationandarailwaythememuseumarebuiltaroundthegreentrainrestaurantofShandongJianzhuUniversiyt,makingpeopleupclosetotherailwayculture.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Thetermindustrialheritagecoversplacesusedforsocialactivitiesrelatedtoindustrysuchashousing,museums,folkdwellingsamongotherstructureswithvaluesfromavarietyoffieldsinordertohighlighttheinterdisciplinarycharacterofindustrialheritage.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

ThetrainrestaurantinShandongJianzhuUniversityisnotonlyarestaurant,buttheculturalrecyclingtoourindustrialheritagetourism.

參考答案:

對(duì)

In_________,Jinanofficiallyopeneditscommercialport.

參考答案:

1904

BytheendoftheQingdynasty,theurbanpopulationofJinanhadgrownto250,000.By1948,theconicalshapeoftheprovincialcapitalhadbeenbasicallyformed.

參考答案:

對(duì)

ThecellaroforiginalyChangyuwinecompanybuilding