初二英語形容詞和副詞的語法精講

PAGE4-初二英語形容詞和副詞的語法精講王春娟楊凌高新中學教學目標：集中學習初中英語形容詞與副詞及比較級及最高級的用法。教學內容：（一）形容詞用法1.形容詞可分為兩大類：描繪形容詞和限定形容詞。描繪形容詞是描寫人或物的顏色、尺寸、形狀、性質、狀態(tài)等的形容詞。限定形容詞用于限定被修飾詞的數(shù)量、距離、所有關系等。除了these和those外，形容詞的單數(shù)與復數(shù)形式相同。描繪形容詞beautiful,large,red,interesting,colourfulimportant限定形容詞基數(shù)詞(one,two)序數(shù)詞(first,second)物主代詞(my,your)指示代詞(this,that,these)數(shù)量詞(few,many)冠詞(a,an,the)2.形容詞的位置修飾語一般應置于被修飾語之前，但當幾個形容詞修飾同一名詞時，其排列順序一般如下：形容詞性代詞→數(shù)量詞→描繪形容詞allboththe,a(n)this,thatfirstone性質尺寸形狀新舊溫度顏色國籍材料goodlargeoldredChineseironsuchyour,some,manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEnglishstoneExample:thatstrongyoungChineseswimmer注意：形容詞前有as,so,no,too,how等詞時，不定冠詞應置于形容詞之后。Sheistookindagirltorefuse.在下列情況下，修飾語應置于被修飾的名詞后：（1）名詞之后的數(shù)量詞＋名詞＋old,long,wide等。aboysixyearsold,astreettwokilometerslong（2）為了加強語氣或音調美，將描繪形容詞置于名詞之后。Hehadafacethinandworn.（3）something,anything,everyone,anybody…＋形容詞。There’snothingwrongwiththeelectriccooker.（4）作定語用的分詞或形容詞短語Thejudgehastalkedtoallthepeopleinvolved.所包含的(形式復雜的)3.“數(shù)詞＋名詞”構成的形容詞（1）數(shù)詞＋名詞，如atwo-weektour,atenreport等。（2）數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞，如aseven-year-oldboy等。（3）名詞（無冠詞）＋基數(shù)詞=the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞，如Unit6=theSixthUnit（4）“數(shù)量詞＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，雖然是復數(shù)形式，但仍然用單數(shù)動詞，作為一個單位來表示。如果強調個別數(shù)，則須用復數(shù)動詞。Tenyearsisquitealongtimetohim.TwomonthshavepassedsinceIlastheardfrommyparents.（二）副詞1.副詞的構成如下：（1）本身就是副詞，如very,now,there,quite等.（2）有形容詞后綴如-ly,如happily,carefully等。（3）有些副詞與形容詞同形，如early,high,long,fast,hard等。注意：有些-ly結尾的詞不是副詞而是形容詞，如manly,friendly,queenly(女王的威嚴的,慷慨的)等。2.副詞的位置（1）修飾形容詞和副詞時，須放在被修飾詞之前，如：Thesceneryaroundhereisverybeautiful.（2）always,never,often,sometimes,usually等表示頻率的副詞在一般動詞前，be動詞后，有助動詞時，在助動詞和動詞之間。Heusuallygetsupearly,buthegotuplatetoday.IhavenevermethimandIhopeIwillnevermeethim.（3）有兩個以上不同種類的副詞作修飾語時，其順序為地點（小地點＋大地點）→狀態(tài)→次數(shù)→時間（單位小的時間＋單位大的時間）。TheyarrivedinParissafelytheotherday.（4）seldom,rarely,never等具有否定意義的頻率副詞置于句首時，助動詞或be動詞須放在主語的前面（也叫倒裝句），如：NeverdidIhearsuchafunnystory.=Ineverheardsuchafunnystory.3.幾個特殊副詞的用法（1）enough須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之后；too須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之前。ShespeaksEnglishwellenoughtobeaninterpreter譯員，口譯者It’stoohotadaytowork.但enough修飾名詞時須置于名詞之前。Haveyougotenoughmoneyforthismicrowave(微波)oven(烤爐，烤箱)?（2）too…(for…)＋不定式（to），作“太……而不能”解；enough＋不定式，意思是“足夠可以”，這一結構可轉換成so…that結構。Theboywasstilltooyoungtogotoschool.→Hewassoyoungthathecouldnotgotoschool.ThemanisrichenoughtobuyaRoll-Royce.→HeissorichthathecanbuyaRoll-Royce.（3）already用于肯定句，作“已經(jīng)”解；yet用于否定句，作“還”解，用于疑問句作“已經(jīng)”解，still作“仍然”解。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Haveyouseenthefilmyet?Istillpreferteatocoffee.（4）隨著only和also在句中位置的改變，句意和語氣也會改變。OnlyMr.Licametoseemetoday.Mr.Licametoseeonlymetoday.Mr.Licametoseemeonlytoday.keys:11.widely12.widely13.mainly14.strong15.careful16.Hewrites_____________.(careful,carefully)17.Hefeels_____________.(happy,happily)18.Helives_____________.(happy,happily)19.Itrained_____________lastnight.(heavy,heavily)20.Therainwas_____________.(heavy,heavily)keys:16.carefully17.happy18.happily19.heavily20.heavy21.Itblew_____________yesterday.(strong,strongly)22.Thesunisshining_____________.(bright,brightly)23.Theyareworking_____________.(happy,happily)24.Hegot_____________.(angry,angrily)25.Thingsturn_____________.(bad,badly)keys:21.strongly22.brightly23.happily24.angry25.bad26.Lucywasas_____________asme.(careful,carefully)27.Lucywroteas_____________asme.(careful,carefully)28.Hecleanedtheroomas_____________asLily.(quick,quickly)29.Herunsas_____________asme.(slow,slowly)30.How_____________thesunshone!(bright,brightly)keys:26.careful27carefully28.quickly29.slowly30.brightly31.How_____________thesunis!(bright,brightly)32.How_____________theflowersaregrowing!(beautiful,beautifully)33.How_____________theyare!(happy,happily)34.How_____________theyareworking!(happy,happily)35.How_____________thewindblewlastnight!(strong,strongly)keys:31.bright32.beautifully33.happy34.happily35.strongly【模擬試題】（答題時間：45分鐘）一.形容詞、副詞專項練習題1.Nowadayssciencefictionisn’tas____________ascartoonsamongteenagers.A.popular B.morepopularC.lesspopular D.themostpopular2.WearegladtoseethatShanghaiisdeveloping________theseyearsthaneverbefore.A.quickly B.lessquicklyC.morequickly D.themostquickly3.Thecheesecaketastedso______thatthekidsaskedformore.A.delicious B.well C.bad D.badly4.—Whydidn’tyouenjoythetalk?—Itwas________talkthatIhadeverlistenedto.A.themostinteresting B.theleastinterestingC.moreinteresting D.1essinteresting5.GuoYuedidquite_______attheWorldTableTennisChampionship(錦標賽)，butZhangYiningdideven_____A.better;well B.well;wellC.well;better D.better;better6.—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack’sorTom’s—Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdrawsTom.A.asgoodas B.aswellasC.betterthan D.worsethan7.Itgetsveryhereinsummer.A.cool B.cold C.warm D.hot8.Be________,andyouwilldowellintheEnglishexam.A.careful B.polite C.sure D.friendly9.LinTaoisgoodatallthesubjectsatschool,_________English.A.really B.mostly C.especially D.exactly10.—Thecoatistooexpensive.—Look,here'sanotherone.It's_________andnicer.A.dearer B.cheaper C.older D.longer11.ThepopulationofTianjinis__________thanthatofShanghai.A.larger B.less C.smaller D.fewer12.It’sraining_________.Wehavetostayathomeinsteadofgoingfishing.A.badly B.hardly C.heavily D.strongly13.Kateisas_________asMaria.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.thetallest14.Shelooksvery________.Ithinksheneedstohavearest.A.tired B.hard C.well D.hardly15.—Tomisterriblyill.—We’dbettersendhimtohospitalas_____aswecan.A.slowly B.quickly C.quietly D.easily16.—DoyouliketheMoonlightSonata?—Sure,itsoundsreally________A.clear B.clearly C.beautiful D.beautifully17.Supermarketsarenecessary.Peopleusuallyspend_____timefindingthingstheywant,buttheyusuallyspend_____moneythantheywant.A.less;less B.less;more C.fewer;less D.fewer;more18.“Doyouwanttoimproveyourscoreinmath?Trystayingawayfromyourcomputer!”ArecentreportinBritainsays,“The_____studentsusecomputeratschoolandathome,the_____theydoinexamsofreadingandmath.”A.more;better B.less;worseC.more;more D.less;better19.HespeaksEnglish______anAmerican,soweallbelievethathehasstayedinAmericaformanyyears.A.asgoodas B.worsethanC.asbadlyas D.aswellas20.—TheTVprogrammeisboring.Shallweplaychessinstead?—Allright.Thatis__________thanwatchingaboringprogramme.A.verygood B.muchgoodC.verybetter D.muchbetter21.Eventhoughshelooksveryyoung,sheistwicemytwenty-year-oldsister.A.asoldas B.olderthanC.sooldas D.asolderas22.Thesooneryoutakeyourmedicine,youwillfeel.A.themoregood B.betterC.themore D.thebetter23.OfthefourT-shirtsIliketheblueone.A.muchbest B.thebestC.better D.thebetter24.XiaoYanghaslearnedtostudyintheU.S.A.Englishenough B.enoughEnglishC.moreEnglish D.muchEnglish25.Heexplainedittome,butI’mnowiser.A.enough B.the C.more D.much26.XiaoWang’smotherboughthimaracingbicycleforhisbirthday.A.five-speeds B.five-speedC.five-speed’s D.five-speeds’二.形容詞與副詞原級、比較級和最高級練習1.ThesnowwillbeinNorthChinatomorrow.A.veryheavy B.muchheavy C.heavier2.Thechildistoo

togotoschool.A.old B.young C.younger3.Jimcanjump

thanTom.A.far B.farther C.farthest4.TheChangjiangRiverisinChina.A.thelong B.longer C.thelongest5.ExerciseOneis

inLessonTen.A.difficult B.muchmoredifficult C.themostdifficult6.Whois,Mr.GreenorMr.Smith?A.veryrich B.muchricher C.therichest7.Thisis

TVsetIhaveeverseen.A.cheaper B.thecheapest C.themostcheap8.JohnisKate.A.asyoungas B.asyoungeras C.youngthan9.Doyouthinkwhichclassroomisinourschool?A.clean B.thecleaner C.thecleanest10.Mr.ZhangisoneofinNo.1MiddleSchool.A.thebusiestteacher B.thebusiestteachers C.thebusyteachers11.Couldyoutellmethewayto

hospital,please?A.near B.nearer C.thenearest12.Ofalltheboxes,theredoneis.A.heavy B.heavier C.theheaviest13.Ourschoolisnotsoastheirs.A.small B.smaller C.thesmallest14.MissLiisMissZhao.A.soyoungeras B.notsooldas C.asolderas15.Childreninthemoderntimearethanthoseinthepast.A.happy B.happier C.morehappy16.Chinaisoneof

intheworld.A.greatcountry B.thegreatestcountry C.thegreatestcountries17.Kate’sappleisJim’s.A.redas B.redderthan C.asredderas18.Hergrandmotherwasillyesterdayandsheis

today.A.veryill B.evenworse C.t