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英theactofassessing;例Duringthe1960’sassessmentsofthefamilyshiftedremarkablyfromgeneralendorsementofitasaworthwhilestableinstitutiontopervasivecensureofitasanoppressiveandbankruptonewhosedissolutionwasbothimminentand譯在20世紀60年代，家庭評估發(fā)生了明顯的變化：人們一開始把它當做一項有價值的、穩(wěn)定的制度而廣泛認可，后來卻轉而認為它是一項苛刻且沒有價值的制度而群起攻，認這項度迫眉并且受歡的。中n.爭議，爭英adispute,especiallyapublicone,betweensidesholdingopposingtheactorpracticeofengaginginsuch音音[d'b?音音[d??'g?fk?音音['h?nddn

例Muchofthiscontroversypossiblyresultsfromunwarrantedextrapolationsoftheoriginalconfigurationofpillowflowsfromtwodimensionalcrosssectionsoferodedpillowsinlandoutcrops.譯這一爭論很大程度上可能于對枕狀熔巖原構造不確定的推斷，而這些推斷是從遭侵蝕后露出地表的枕狀巖的二維截面得來的。v.仔細考慮，權衡adv.故意地adj.故意characterizedbyorresultingfromcarefulandthorough例Hisimperturbabilityinthefaceofevidenceindicatinghisdeliberatefraudfailedtoreassuresupportersofhisessentialprobity;instead,itmeantatalentforguilethattheyhadnevered.譯在他故意的面前，他的冷靜沒能消除支持者們對他正直品質(zhì)的懷疑，而說明他具有一種他們從未懷疑過的狡猾天賦。adj.地理的‖adv.在地理方oforrelatingtothescienceof例Mostntspeciesexhibitdiscontinuityintheirgeographicaldistribution:frequently,agivenspeciesisfoundoveralargegeographicalarea,butindividualpopulationswithinthatrangearewidelyseparated.譯特定的物種，但是單個種群在那個區(qū)域內(nèi)相隔甚遠。中n.旋向英thepropertythatdistinguishesanasymmetricfromitsmirrorimagebutnotfromarotatedobject例Handedness(twistdirectionofthes)wasequallydistributedwithinsomesnailspeciesthathave epredominantlydextralor,inafewspecies,predominantlysinistral.譯旋向性(蝸牛外殼的旋轉方向)曾經(jīng)在一些蝸牛種類的范圍內(nèi)是均勻分布的，的外殼已經(jīng)大多都變成右旋方向，或者，在幾個蝸牛種類中，以左旋方向為主。[n'sent音音[n'df??ns]['m??n.e音音['p??.ne音音[p?'ten??

中n.刺激，誘因，動英somethingthatincitesorhasatendencytoincitetodeterminationor例Nevertheless,themotivatingofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintragroupaggression.譯但是，像ouhwck所做的實驗顯示的那樣，壓縮空間或暫時克扣食物僅僅帶來了群體內(nèi)部行為的暫時增加，于是競爭刺激的激勵作用開始受到質(zhì)疑。n.冷thestateorqualityofbeing例Thephilosopherassertsthata whomustconsciously herownindifferencebeforehel anotherisbehavingmorenoblythanonewhosebasicdispositionallowssuchanacttobeperformedwithout譯漠然心態(tài)去幫助別人的人表現(xiàn)得更為高貴。adj.傳教relatingto,engagedin,ordevotedto例Howscholarsviewtheseattemptstoimpartalphabeticlicyhasconsequentlybeencoloredbyhistorians’judgmentsoftheconsequencesofmissionaryactivity.譯因此，能力這一行為的看法。v.對…授totransferpollenfromananthertothestigmaof(aaretransportedoverlongdistancesareenormous,windpollinatedntshaveintheviewabovecompensatedfortheensuinglossofpollenthroughhappenstancebyvirtueofproducinganamountofpollenthatisonetothreeordersofmagnitudegreaterthantheamountproducedbyspeciespollinatedbyinsects.譯由于在長距離的過程中，花粉粒的潛在非常大，從上述觀點來看，風媒授粉的植物會產(chǎn)生比昆蟲授粉的植物多出一到三個數(shù)量級的花粉，來彌補突發(fā)引起的花粉損失。adv.潛在地，有可能withapossibility ing例Althoughenvironmentalistshavetargetedsomeherbicidesaspotentiallydangerous,themanufacturers,totheenvironmentalists’dismay,defendtheuseoftheseherbicidesonlawns.譯盡管環(huán)境主義者認為一些除草劑有潛在，但是讓他們感到失望的是，生產(chǎn)者為草地上使用這些除草劑而辯護。音音[sa'k??d?音音[.s?us?u:k?'n?mk['s?t?音音['?音音[?k'ses?b音音[.?nθ?'p??d?

中n.心理英thebranchofmetaphysicsthatstudiesthesoul,themind,andthe例Psychologyhasgraduallyevolvedintoanindependentscientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.譯權和職責。中英adj.社會經(jīng)濟學中英oforinvolvingbothsocialandeconomic例Loyalismthereforeoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.譯因此，忠誠充當了一個安全閥，來消除者內(nèi)部存在的對社會經(jīng)濟方面的不滿中英adj.微妙的；不易覺中英difficulttounderstandorperceive:例Postmodernarchitectureisnotconcernedwiththeeasygoalofreturningtothepastbutratherwiththemoresubtleanddifficultaimofintegratinghistoricalformsintoanewandcomplexwhole.譯復雜整體中這個更加細致和的目標。中英adj.都市的，城市中英of,relatingto,characteristicof,orconstitutinga例ThoughGeorgiaO’Keeffeisbestknownforheraffinitywiththedesertlandscape,herpaintingsofurbansubjectsattesttoherlongtimeresidencyinNewYorkCity.譯盡管GeorgaO’eeffe以熱愛沙漠風景而著稱，但是以城市為的繪畫作品證明了她長期居住在紐約市。中adj.易理解的；可得到英capableofbeingunderstoodorappreciated;easily英例Additionally,thegeneralistshavebeenmoreeclecticintheircriticalapproachandmorecasualintheirreviewingstyle,producingliryessaysaccessibletolaypeople,ratherthanhighlyrhetoricalorcloselyarguedtechnical譯此外，知識淵博的人們使用了更加博采眾長的評論方法以及更加隨意的評論風格，于是他們寫出了外行人也能看懂的文學隨筆，而不是那些運用了大量修辭手法或嚴格論證的技術性專題。中英n.中英asocialscientistwhospecializesin例SincetheyhavebeensodazzledbythecalendarsandtheknowledgeofastronomypossessedbytheMayancivilization,someanthropologistshaveoverlookedachievementslikethesophisticatedcarvedcalendarsticksoftheWinnebagopeople.音音[?.sm?'e??n]音音['st?z?n.?音音[ks'ps音音[.f?kt?u'e??n]音音

譯由于為瑪雅文化所包含的歷法和天文學知識所傾倒，一些人類學家忽視了諸如n.同theactorprocessof例Theradicalcritiquesofthismainstreamresearchmodel,suchasthecritiquedevelopedinDividedSociety,attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobilityandarethereforeunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonial譯對這一主流研究模型的激進批評，例如《的社會》一書中所那種，過于機械地將少數(shù)民族同化問題與經(jīng)濟和社會流動性因素聯(lián)系起來，從而無法闡明波多黎各人作為一個殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關系。n.公民thestatusofacitizenwithitsattendantduties,rights,and例Thoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers’immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofall sbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.譯盡管該的制定者制定這一保護條款的確切意圖一直不明了，但所有解釋者都一致認為，該制定者的直接目標是要為1866年的《民權法》提供保障，這部《民權法》保證了凡是在出生并受管轄的人均享有公民權。中adj.明確的，旗幟鮮明的adj.明確英fullyrevealedorexpressedwithoutvagueness,implication,orambiguity:leavingnoquestionastomeaningorintent例arthasnocounterpartforthepowerfulexplicitantiwarpaintingsoftheWest,butratherreliesonsubtletyandindirectiontoexpresspolitical譯中國的藝術中沒有和西方那種強有力的、微妙和間接的方式來表達政治思想。n.波awave例Atfirstsightthebloodbrainbarrier,whichguardsagainsteventhesmallfluctuationsinconcentrationsofhormones,aminoacids,andpotassiumionsthatoccurelsewhereinthebody,wouldseemtooefficientaregulator.譯乍一看，作為一個調(diào)節(jié)器，血腦障壁的效率似乎太高了，地方出現(xiàn)的激素、氨基酸和鉀離子的小范圍濃度波動。adj.錯誤的，不精確mistakenorincorrect;not音音[n'?dkw音音['p:dses?]音音[.su:p?'n?uv[s?'p[t?'est?[?'d?pt

adj.不充分的‖adv.不適當?shù)豠dv.不適當中英notadequatetofulfillaneedormeetarequirement;中英例Inspiteofitsvirtues,thebookdealsinadequaywithanumberofcrucial譯盡管這本書有一些優(yōu)點，但是它對大量關鍵問題的處理是不適當?shù)闹衝.前任；被替代英onethatprecedes;especially:awhohaspreviouslyoccupiedapositionorofficetowhichanotherhassucceededFashionis,toacertaindegree,asearchforanewlanguagetodiscredittheold,awayinwhicheachgenerationcanrepudiateitsimmediatepredecessoranddistinguishitself.譯每個時代都能否認其上一輩并讓自己脫穎而出。中n.超英ararecelestialphenomenoninvolvingtheexplosionofmostofthematerialinastar,resultinginanextremelybright,short-livedobjectthatemitsvastamountsofenergyslarexplosionsareoftenhardtodetect,eitherbecausetheyareenormouslyfarawayorbecausetheyaredimmedbyinterveningdustandgasclouds.譯盡管超是最耀眼的宇宙之一，但是人們通常很難探測到這些恒星時的情況，這要么是因為它們離我們太遠了，要么是因為它們會被宇宙塵埃和氣體云遮擋而顯得暗淡無光。中英v.，制中英toinhibittheexpressionof(animpulse,forexample);例Asseriousasheisaboutthebullfight,hedoesnotallowrespecttosuppresshissenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.譯盡管他將斗牛視為嚴肅的事情，但是在用繪畫形式表現(xiàn)它時，他并沒有讓敬意自中adj.地球上的；陸地的，英oforrelatingtotheEarthoritsinhabitants;livingonorinorgrowingfrom例However,aftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolaractivitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.譯但是經(jīng)過了一個多世紀的研究，統(tǒng)稱為“活動周期”的各種現(xiàn)象與地球天氣中英adj.適應的，有適應性中英tendingto,designedfor,suitablefor,orhavingacapacityfor例Weneedtocomprehendthoroughlytheiradaptiveoriginsinordertounderstandhowbadlytheyguideusnow.譯為了弄清它們現(xiàn)在對我們的錯誤引導有多嚴重，我們需要徹底理解它們的音音['k?p?t?.z?m音音[k?n'sep?n]音音[.k?nt'nju:t音音[.k?nt?'dkt?['k?zmk

源n.aneconomicsystemcharacterizedbyprivateorcorporateownershipofcapitalgoods,byinvestmentsthataredeterminedbyprivatedecision,andbyprices,production,andthedistributionofgoodsthataredeterminedmainlybycompetitioninamarket例HedisposesthuslyalbeitunconvincinglyofboththeintolerancefacedbyJewsbeforetheriseofcapitalismandtheearly20thcenturydiscriminationagainstOrientalpeopleinCalifornia,which,inconveniently,wasinstigatedby譯因此，他消除了(盡管讓人無法相信) 以及20世紀早期對加利福尼亞州的東方人的，而后者則是間接地由工人所引n.概somethingconceivedinthemind;aconcept,n,design,idea,or例TheNeotonists’conceptionofadeity,inwhichperfectionwasmeasuredbyabundantfecundity,wasopposedtothatoftheAristoians,inwhichperfectionwasdisyedintheeconomyofcreation.譯新主義者關于神的觀點和 的相關觀點，新主義者認為神 n.連續(xù)thestateorqualityofbeing例Foucault’srejectionoftheconceptofcontinuityinWesternthought,althoughradical,wasnotunique;hehadcounterpartsintheUnitedStateswho,withoutknowledgeofhiswork,developedparallelideas.譯oucaut對西方思想中延續(xù)性概念的排斥盡管是激進的，但并非唯他獨有；有些和他相似的人，這些人不了解他的研究，但是發(fā)展了和他相似的思想。adj.involving,causing,orconstitutinga例Butthey’scomplexviewofBlackselfesteemandhumansolidarityascompatibleisnomore“contradictory”thanDuBois’famous,wellconsideredidealofethnicselfawarenesscoexistingwithhumanunity,orFanon’semphasisonanidealinternationalismwhichalso nationalidentitiesandroles.譯但該劇自尊可與人類團結相融合這一復雜觀點，絲毫不比DuBois或Fanon的觀點更具“”色彩：DuBois提出了民族的自覺可以和人類團結共存這一經(jīng)過深思熟慮的著名理想；Fanon則強調(diào)了理想化的國際主義，而這種國際主義同樣中adj.宇宙英oforrelatingtothecosmos,theextraterrestrialvastness,ortheuniverseincontrasttotheearthalone音音[em sz?m音音[.v?ju'e??n]['f?ktjue音音['ge音音['gaundw?te

例Thoughsupernovasareamongthemostluminousofcosmicevents,theseslarexplosionsareoftenhardtodetect,eitherbecausetheyareenormouslyfarawayorbecausetheyaredimmedbyinterveningdustandgasclouds.譯盡管超是最引人注目的宇宙之一，但是人們通常很難探測到這些恒星時的情景，這要么是因為它們離我們太遠了，要么是因為它們被宇宙塵埃和氣體云遮擋而顯得暗淡。n.經(jīng)驗主theviewthatexperience,especiallyofthesenses,istheonlysourceof例So,historically,acornerstoneofclassicalempiricismhasbeenthenotionthateverytruegeneralizationmustbeconfirmablebyspecificobservations.譯因此，從歷史的角度看，古典經(jīng)驗主義的基礎是這樣一種觀念，即每一個正確的推論都必須能被具體的觀察所驗證。n.評價，評actofascertainingorfixingthevalueorworth例Sincefolkartisneithercompleyrejectednoracceptedasanartformbyarthistorianstheirfinalevaluationsofitnecessarilyremainequivocal.譯因為藝術史學家既沒有完全民間藝術，也沒有把它當做一種藝術形式予以接受，因此藝術史學家對民間藝術的最后評價必然是模棱兩可的。v.波動，變toriseandfallinorasifinwaves;例Paleontologists’assumptionsabouttheequablenatureoftheclimateontheprimevalislandofPangaeaareunderminedbycomputersimulationsindicatingthattheisland’stemperaturestendedtofluctuateduringa譯古生物學者假設泛古陸遠古島嶼的氣候類型是平穩(wěn)的；這一假設被計算器模擬結果所n.animalsfedongrowingherbage,attachedalgae,or 例Theconverseobservation,oftheabsenceofgrazersinareasofhighphytonktonconcentration,ledHardytoproposehisprincipleofanimalexclusion,whichhypothesizedthatphyto nktonproducedarepellentwhichexcludedgrazersfromregionsofhighphyto nktonconcentration.譯這個相反的觀察結果在浮游植物高度密集的區(qū)域沒有食草動物使Hardy提出了他的動物排斥理論，這個理論假設浮游植物會制造出一種驅(qū)除劑，這種驅(qū)除劑將食草動物從浮游植物高度密集的區(qū)域中趕了出去。 waterwithintheearth swellsand例Thisincreasingincidenceofgroundwatercontaminationarisingfrominadequatestorageanddisposalofhazardouschemicalsunderscorestheneedtounderstandandpredictcontaminantmigrationinaquifers.譯不足和化學藥品的丟棄導致越來越多的水污染發(fā)生，這強調(diào)了人們需要了解并預測蓄水層中污染物的轉移。[h?s't?t音音['ju:mne音音['n?e['n?u.vet音音[n't:g音音['mk

n.敵意，態(tài)中英thestateofbeinghostile;antagonismor中英例Theirmutualteasingseemedfriendly,howeverinfactitmaskedalongstandinghostility.譯對狀態(tài)。中v.闡明，啟英toenlightenspirituallyor 例Thatmanyoftheimportantlawsofsciencewerediscoveredduringexperimentsdesignedtoilluminateotherphenomenasuggeststhatexperimentalresultsaretheconsequenceofinevitablenaturalsratherthantheconsequenceofnning.譯結果是自然力量的必然結果，而不是計劃的結果。中英v.開中英tocauseorfacilitatethebeginningof:set例Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodywhichwouldbindtoallrhinoes,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinoesfrominitiatingan譯Colonno并沒有去徒勞地尋找一種能與所有鼻結合在一起的抗體，他，一 中英adj.創(chuàng)新中英markedbyorgivento例In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocesswhichleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.1923年，創(chuàng)新派導演DzigaVertov將制作描述為一個引導觀眾進入“新鮮的感官世界”的過中v.激起… 英toarousetheinterest,desire,orcuriosity英例Carruthers’latestlirycriticismbeliesherreputationfortrenchantcommentary;inspiteofitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionoftitudes.譯Carruhers最近的文學評論和她評論的名聲不相符；盡管封皮上有引人注目的標題和諂媚的稱贊，但那只不過是一些陳詞濫調(diào)的集合而已。中adj.乳白色的，像牛奶中resemblingmilkincolororNevertheless,allthatisvisibleoftheconstituentsoftheMilkyWay’scorona(outeredge),wheremuchofthegalaxy’smassmustbelocated,isatinyfractionofthecorona’smass.譯但是，在系光環(huán)帶(即外緣，很大一部分的質(zhì)量分布于此)的組成部分中，全部可見的物質(zhì)只是整個光環(huán)帶質(zhì)量中的一小部分。譯音音音音[mθ[pɑ:'ts?p?nt]音音[.f?'s?fk?音音[p?uz]音音[p?g'm?tk

[p'sas中n.神英atraditional,ancientstorydealingwithancestors,orheroesthatservesasatypeinthepeople,asby aspectsofthecustoms,oridealsofTheparadoxicalaspectofthemythsaboutgoddessoftheharvest）,whenweconsiderthetranquilandserenegoddess,isheragitatedsearchforher個安靜、的英中n.參與英onethatparticipates,shares,

ortakespartin例Whenevaluating19thcenturyfeminismasasocial,contemporaryhistoriansshouldconsidertheperceptionsofactualparticipantsinthehistoricalevents.例譯在把19世紀的女權主義當做一種社會力量來評價的時候，當代歷史學家應考慮這些歷史中實際參與者的看法。譯中英adv.哲學上adj.哲學中英of,relatingto,orbasedonasystemof例Sincethehighseriousnessoftheirnarrativesresultedinpartfromtheirmetaphysics,Southernwriterswerepraisedfortheirphilosophical譯賦而受到贊揚。中v.提出，陳述；擺中英toputorsetforth;toassumeapostureorattitudeusuallyfor 例Thatposesanadditional,formidablechallengetontgeneticists:theymustworkonenhancingfixationwithintheexistingsymbioses.譯那就對植物遺傳學家提出了一個額外的艱巨：他們必須研究如何在現(xiàn)存的共生系范圍內(nèi)提高固氮效率。中adj.實用主義的，務實英例relatingtomattersoffactorpracticalaffairsoftentotheexclusionof lectualor 英Inapragmaticsocietywhichworshipsefficiency,itisdifficultforasensitiveandidealistictomakethekindsofhardheadeddecisionsthatalonespellsuccessasitisdefinedbysuchasociety.譯策，而只有這些決策才能帶來由這樣的社定義的成功。中英adv.嚴格地，精確地，正中英inaprecise例Melodramas,whichpresentedstarkoppositionsbetweeninnocence['d?ek??n]音音[s?b'd?ekt音音[t?n音音['t音音[.?g'k?t???['k?v?tcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularpreciselysincetheyofferedthedevoidof譯確切地說，表現(xiàn)了無 、美德和、善與惡之間n.排theactofrejectingorthestateofbeing例rejectionoftheconceptofcontinuityinWesternthought,althoughradical,wasnotunique;hehadcounterpartsintheUnitedStateswho,knowledgeofhiswork,developedparallelideas.譯Foucault對西方思想中adj.的‖中地英proceedingfromortaking

within ’smindsuchastobeunaffectedbytheexternal例Sinceartisasubjectiveformofhumanexpression,the’sapproachtocreationiscoloredbyalexperience.譯由于藝術是人類情感的形式，所以藝術家的創(chuàng)作過程有著個人經(jīng)驗色彩v.tobegreaterthan,asinintensityorpower;例Hardywantedtotranscendwhatheconsideredtobethebityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandtoexpressaswellhisawarenessoftheoccultandthestrange.譯Hardy想要他所認為的那種單純地精確記錄事物的平庸做法，并想要表達出他對神秘、怪異事物的了解。v.觸發(fā)，tosetoff;例Cosmicrays(highenergyprotonsandotherparticles)maytriggerthesynthesisofsimplemolecules,suchasinterslarformaldehyde,indarkcloudsofinterslardust.譯宇宙射線(高能量質(zhì)子和其他微粒)可能會簡單分子的合成，比如星際塵埃暗云中的星際。adj.農(nóng)業(yè)relatingtoorusedinorpromotingagricultureor例Intherecentresearchprogram,newvarietiesofappletreesareevaluatedunderdifferentagriculturalconditionsfortreesize,bloomdensity,fruitsize,adaptabilitytovarioussoils,andtopestsanddisease.譯在近來的研究項目中，人們會在不同的農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境中，根據(jù)樹的大小、開花密度、大小、對不同土壤的適應性和對病蟲害的抵抗力來評價新的蘋果樹種。n.腔；ahollowareawithinthe例Onceingestedbyacaterpillar,theproteinglobuledissolves,音音[k?m'p?uz?][k?n'f音音['kaunt?pɑ:t]['dekst?音音[.eksp?:'e??n]

thousandsofes,orvirions,thatafterabout2weeksmultiplyenoughtofilltheentirebody.譯一旦被毛蟲攝入，蛋白質(zhì)小球體就會溶解，釋放出數(shù)以千計的(或粒子)，大約兩周后這些能繁殖出足夠的數(shù)量來填滿毛蟲的整腔。n.作曲onethatcomposes,especially whocomposes例WhilemanyRussiancomposersofthe19thcenturycontributedtoanemergingnationalstyleothercomposersdidnotincorporateidiomaticRussianmusicalelements,preferringinsteadthetraditionalmusicalvocabularyofWesternEuropeanRomanticism.譯盡管很多19世紀的俄羅斯作曲家造就了一種新興的民族風格，但是其他作曲家并沒有吸收具有俄羅斯特色的音樂元素，相反，他們更喜歡西歐浪漫主義風格的傳統(tǒng)音樂元素。v.對抗，使…面tofaceespeciallyinchallenge:例Inspiteofthecontingenciesoftimespaceandhistoryhumansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkablysimilarsolutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.譯盡管在時間、空間和歷史上存在偶然性，但是全世界的人類社會都著同樣的關人類存在的問題，并且得出了非常相似的解決方案，這些方案僅在一些表面細節(jié)上存在差異。n.onehavingthesamefunctionorcharacteristicsas例Foucault’srejectionoftheconceptofcontinuityinWesternthought,althoughradical,wasnotunique;hehadcounterpartsintheUnitedStateswho,withoutknowledgeofhiswork,developedparallelideas.譯oucaut對西方思想中延續(xù)性概念的排斥盡管是激進的，但并非唯他獨有；有些和他相似的人，這些人不了解他的研究，但是發(fā)展了和他相似的思想。中adj.右旋的；用右手英oforrelatingtoagastropodsthatcoilsclockwiseandhasitsaperture例Itwouldseemnotlikelythatevolutionshoulddiscriminateagainstsinistralsnailsifsinistralanddextralsnailsareexactmirrorimagesforanydisadvantagethatasinistraltwistinitselfcouldconferonitspossessorisalmostinconceivable.譯如果左旋蝸牛和右旋蝸牛的構造像鏡像一樣的話，生物進化似乎不可能左旋牛，因為我們難以相信左旋性本身會給它的擁有者帶來缺陷。n.探theactoraninstanceof例Althoughscienceisoftenimaginedasadisinterestedexplorationofexternalreality,scientistsarenodifferentfromanyoneelse:theyarepassionatehumanbeingsenmeshedinawebofalandsocialcircumstances.音音[k'st?k??n]音音['faund?]音音[d??'?d?k?音音['hɑ音音[as?u't?pk

譯沒有區(qū)別：他們是會陷入個人和社會環(huán)境網(wǎng)絡中的有感情的人。n.thefactofbeingextinctortheprocess ing例Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmightoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismortetectonicsbuttoaninvestigationofmarineextinctions.譯“重大地質(zhì)會定期發(fā)生”這一理論的可追溯到一次對海洋生物的，而不是對火山爆發(fā)或者板塊構造學說的研究。n.比目魚，鰈‖v.掙tostruggletomoveorobtainfooting:thrashabout例Forthestarryflounderthisinterpretationimpliesthatageometricdifference(betweenfishwhicharemirrorimagesofoneanother)isadaptive,thatlefteyednessintheJapanesestarryflounderhasbeenselectedfor,whichprovokesaperplexingquestions:whatistheselectiveadvantageinhavingbotheyesononesideratherthanontheother?譯對于星突江鰈而言，這一解釋意味著某種幾何差異(產(chǎn)生于彼此構成鏡像的魚之間)是適應性的一種表現(xiàn)，也意味著為什么水域中的星突江鰈選擇形成了雙眼左側擺位的情況，這種情況了一個令人困惑的問題：將雙眼置于頭部的一側而不置于另一側，其選擇性優(yōu)勢究竟是什么？adj.地質(zhì)的，地質(zhì)學的‖adv.地質(zhì)oforrelatingtoorbasedon例Ifreliableandconsistentgeologicalorarchaeologicalevidencetracingthesolaractivitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.譯如果能找到記錄遠古活動周期的可靠且一致的地質(zhì)學或考古學，那么這些證據(jù)還能解決物理學的一個重要課題：如何構造活動模型。中v.躲藏；持有，英togiveshelterorrefugeto;toentertainornourish(aspecifiedthoughtor例(HerWriter’sDiarynotes:“theonlyhonestpeoplearethes,whereasthesesocialreformersandphilanthropists...harbor...discreditabledesiresunderthedisguiseoflovingtheirkind...”)Woolfdetestedwhatshecalled“preaching”infiction,too,andcriticizednovelistD.H.Lawrence(amongothers)forworkingbythismethod.譯(《作家》記錄道：“藝術家是唯一誠實的人，而這些社會者和慈善家……則打著熱愛其同類的幌子……懷揣著……的……”)Woolf還對小說中出現(xiàn)她稱之為“道德”的東西深惡痛絕，并且批評小說家D.H.Lawrence(及其他人)用這種方式寫作。adj.同位素oforrelatingtoorhavingtherelationofan例yzingcoresdrilledfromseafloorsediments,Emilifoundthatthe音音[.ed?s'e??n]音音[.m?θ?m?'t??n]音[.mak?u'?:g?nz?m音音[.n?ne?'['p?:z?b

ratioroseandfellinroughaccordwiththeEarth’sastronomical譯通過對從海底沉積物鉆孔得到的地核進行分析，mili發(fā)現(xiàn)，同位素比例的增減與地球的天文周期大體一致。n.theactionoflegislating,specifically:theexerciseofthepowerandfunctionofmakingrules(aslaws)whichhavetheofauthoritybyvirtueoftheir例TheCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployedaclassification,meaningdiscriminationagainstagroupongroundsthatcouldbeconstruedasracial.譯要求，對采用嫌疑等級的 進行尤其嚴格的；所謂嫌疑等級，是指 adv.數(shù)學上的n.數(shù)學 skilledorlearnedin例Mathematicianshaveadistinctivesenseofbeauty:theystrivetopresenttheirideasandresultsinaclearandcompellingfashiondictatedbyaestheticsandbylogic.譯數(shù)學家們有一種特殊的美感：他們努力將其想法和結果用清楚并且引人注目的方式表達出來，由美學和邏輯學共同指導。中n.微生英anorganism(asabacteriumorprotozoan)ofmicroscopicorultramicroscopicsize例Artificiallightenhancestherespiratoryactivityofsomemicroorganismsinthewinterbutnotinthesummerinpartbecauseinthesummertheirrespirationisalreadyatitspeakandthereforecannotbeincreased.譯人造光在冬天能促進微生物的呼吸活動，但在夏天不能，部分是因為在夏天它們的呼吸活動已經(jīng)達到頂峰，因此不能再被提高。adv.盡管如此，但nevertheless;例Michaelwaspreytovagrantimpulsesthatimpelledhimtosquanderhistalentsonahostofunworthyprojects;hisverydissipationnonethelessenhancedhisreputation,forthesheerenergyofhisextravagancedazzled譯Mchael為其無常的沖動所折磨，這種沖動使他在大量沒有價值的項目中浪費自己的才華；然而，正是這種讓他名聲大振，因為他對自己旺盛精力的揮霍令人咋舌。adj.似乎正確的‖adv.似乎真superficiallyfair,reasonable,orvaluablebutoften例Ericwasfrustratedbecause,thoughhewasadeptatmakingliessoundusible,whenlingthetruth,helackedthepowertomakehimself譯讓rc很郁悶的是，盡管他擅長把謊話說得跟真的一樣，但是當他說真話時，他卻缺乏讓別人相信自己的能力。[p?:'te音音[?'nes?ns]音音[.:p?'d?k??n]音音[.sens?'b?t音音[sp'sfk?

v.描繪，描 ytheroleof;todescribeinwords;tomakeapicture例Inthe19thcentury,novelistsandunsympathetictravelersportrayedtheAmericanWestasalandofunremittingadversity,whereaspromotersandidealistscreatedacompellingimageofalandofinfinitepromise.譯在19世紀，小說家和冷漠的旅行者把西部描述成頻發(fā)的地方，而支持者和理想主義者則為西部創(chuàng)造了一個迷人的形象一片充滿無限希望的土地。n.amovementorperiodof icand lectual例ThoughcertainAfricanAmericanwritersbegantochallengethisbeliefduringtheHarlemRenaissanceofthe1920’sitwasnotuntilthe1960’sthataserious,sustainedquestioningbyasizablenumberofAfricanAmericanwriters譯雖然某些作家在20世紀20年代的哈萊姆文藝復興時期開始這樣的信仰，但直到19世紀60年代，一大批作家才對其提出了嚴肅而長期的質(zhì)疑。中n.再現(xiàn)；繁英theactofreproducingortheconditionorprocessofbeingreproduced;theualor ualprocessbywhichorganismsgenerateothersofthe例WhiletheartcriticVasarisawthepaintingentitledtheMonaLisaasanoriginalandwonderfultechnicalfeat,thereproductionofanaturalobjecttheaesthetessawitasahieroglyphthatrequireddeciphering.譯藝術評論家Vasari認為《》這幅畫是一項獨創(chuàng)的、奇妙的技術壯舉，是對自然物體的一種再現(xiàn)，而唯美主義者卻認為它是一個需要的象形文字。n.theabilitytofeelor例Notonlyarethere,withthefamousexceptionsofRacine’sAthalieandEsther,nochildrenonstage,but,inanabsoluydecisivesense,thelanguageofCorneille,hissuperbsenseofwhatitisthatmatters,isfocusedpromisinglyonadultsensibilityandontheschooled譯作為和Racne的《》和《愛斯苔爾》這兩個著名的例外處于同時代的(作品)，(Cornele的戲劇作品)不僅戲劇內(nèi)容無關，而且，十分確切地說，Corneie的語言風格，或者說，他對重點問題的出色理解，都堅定地集中在成人的感受能力和受教育的意識這兩個方面。中adv.具體地；特別英inthemannerofconstitutingorfallingintoaspecifiablecategory;indistinctionfromothers例Inretrospect,Susan’sstudentsappreciatedherenigmaticassignments,realizingthatsuchassignmentswerespecificallydesignedtostimulateoriginalthoughtratherthantoreviewthecontentofhercourse.譯事后看來，usan的學生們感激她留的那些像謎題一樣的作業(yè)，因為他們那些是專門設計出來用于激勵創(chuàng)造性思維的，而不是復習課堂內(nèi)容的。音音['vd?音音['?f?u]音音[.?:t?ba'?g?f[k?u'h?

adj.機警的，警惕alertlywatchfulespeciallytoavoid例Ifindividualsontheedgeofagrouparemorevigilantforthereasonthattheyareatgreaterriskofbeingcaptured,thenindividualsonaveragewouldhavetobemorevigilantinsmallergroups,becausetheanimalsontheperipheryofagroupformagreaterproportionofthewholegroupasthesizeofthegroup譯如果處在一個群體邊緣的動物因為它們遭捕食的性更大而更警惕的話，那么平均而言，較小群體中的動物就不得不保持更高的警惕性，因為隨著群體規(guī)模的縮小，處于該群體的動物占整個群體的比例就越大。adj.非洲的，oforrelatingto例Wagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfroAmericanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeyzedinareligious,aswellassecular,frameof譯Wagner對 詩歌研究作出的永恒的貢獻是，他堅持主張詩歌應在同時包括了和世俗因素的參考標準框架內(nèi)進行分析。n.自thebiographyof narratedby例BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovelsbringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittleknownworkslikeJamesJohnson’sAutobiographyofanExColoredMan.譯《小說》研究了各種各樣的小說，在這一過程中讓我們注意到了一些引人入勝卻鮮為人知的作品，比如JamesJohnson的《一位前黑奴的自傳》。adj.有條理logicallyoraestheticallyorderedorintegrated:例RogerRosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentlirytradition.音音['k?m

譯RogerRosenbat表示， 小說構成了一個與眾不同的作品群體，它有一種易于辨認的、連貫的文學傳統(tǒng)。n.彗acelestialbodythatconsistsofafuzzyheadusuallysurroundingabrightnucleus,thathasausuallyhighlyeccentricorbit,andthatoftenwheninthepartofitsorbitneartheSundevelopsalongtailwhichpointsawayfromtheSun例Forthereasonthatsuchinformationindicatedthatcomets,likenets,obeyedNewton’slawofgravity,mostastronomersnowconsideredcometstobeextraterrestrialbodiesratherthanimmaterialvisualeffectsproducedbyEarth’satmosphere.譯由于這種信息表明，彗星與行星一樣遵循了的萬有引力定律，因此目前大多數(shù)天文學家認為彗星是天外來客，而不是由地球大氣層制造的非物質(zhì)的視覺效果。中v.補償，彌中音['k?mp?n.se音音音[.dep've??n]音音[.df?'en?.e音音[d'men??n?[d?u'men音音音音[g'zemp?.fa

tooffsetanerror,defect,orundesiredincemedialomn’spblcparticipationinspirituallifewasedbythemlebmaptiivolemetwithreligiousritiginoffensivetothembrofthetblihbecauseofitsprivacy,becameiprtatformanywmn.譯由于男權制度并不贊成中世紀的女性公開參加，因此對于很多女性來說，參與一種補償性的寫作就變得很重要；這一活動具有私密性，因而不會冒犯到者。中中thestateofbeingdeprived:privation;aremovalofrankorResearchesofaiainthewildunderndtoftrmfooddiiiieelethattnkydevotedalmotallaiblenergytoraging,ithlittleenergyrmainigforaggrsieinti.譯對野生動物的研究同樣顯示出，在食物極為匱乏的情況下，饑餓的猴子會幾乎竭盡全力地覓食，幾乎沒有剩余的精力用于相互。中v.區(qū)別，分中tomarkorshowadifferenceOurigdirtitabulforstreetcmcontrastspltolimcbuarforcorporatecrmafacthccorrespondstothegnrpublic’sunawarenessoftheextentofcorporateri譯關于，我們有著高度差異的詞匯，而關于集體，我們的詞匯卻很有限，這成了鮮對比；這一事實和公眾對于集體普遍存在的無知是一致的。中adj.維度的，空中oforrelatingtoThoughshehasdnianyybiorreligiousintentinherwkthreedmngrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyatdrandNigttdasuggestsuchcnnttin譯然她否認作品中在任何征或圖，但它們立體的恢宏氣勢甚至它們的例如《天庭大教堂》以及《黑夜大教堂》，都暗示了這樣的含義。中n.中asphereofactivity,