EC設(shè)計(jì)采購施工合同講義中英文三

EPCContractsTimSteadmanContractManagementin

InternationalConstructionBeijing,April28,2009設(shè)計(jì)采購施工合同TimSteadman國際工程合同管理2009年4月28日北京2GeneralOverviewIntroductiontoCCConstructionGroupPurposeofpresentationOutlineofpresentationContextRolesPhilosophyStructureFormKeyrisksandcontractterms

概述高偉紳律所建設(shè)工程團(tuán)隊(duì)介紹演講目的演講概要背景角色體系結(jié)構(gòu)形式主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與合同條款

3Context-EconomicEffectofcyclesParticipantsProcurementmethodsandstructuresPriceRiskallocationFundingsourcesandmethods背景-經(jīng)濟(jì)體系循環(huán)的效果參與者采購方式與結(jié)構(gòu)價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)資金來源與方式4Context–BusinessCultureMostcountriesembracemarketeconomics(intheory)Inpracticethereareexceptions–helpfulandotherwiseSorelationshipsaretosomeextentadversarial/competitiveAndnegotiationscanbecomplex(especiallyiflendersareinvolved)背景–商業(yè)文化（理論上）大多數(shù)國家信奉市場經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐中存在例外——有益或有害因此在某種程度上存在對抗/競爭性關(guān)系談判存在復(fù)雜性（尤其涉及貸款人時(shí)）5Context–Legal/RegulatoryLegalsystemispartofbusinesscultureTheruleoflaw/contractisimportant,especiallyinprojectfinanceddealsCivilandcommonlawsystemsdifferinformandsubstanceImpactofprocurementrulesOnowner’sbehaviourOnbiddingtactics背景–法律法規(guī)法律體系是商業(yè)文化的一部分法治/契約規(guī)則很重要，尤其在項(xiàng)目資金籌措交易中羅馬法與普通法系在形式與實(shí)質(zhì)上存在不同采購規(guī)則的影響對業(yè)主的行為對投標(biāo)技巧6RolesPrimecontractor(notalwaysEPC)VendorTechnologylicensorInvestorFunder(deliberateorbydefault)角色總承包商(并非總以EPC合同形式)供應(yīng)商技術(shù)許可人投資者融資者(有或無)7PhilosophyAsacontractorOpenbiddingorsolesource?Immediateprofitormarketpenetration/profile?Soleorinconsortium?Legalandpracticalconsequencesofjointliability?Equityorcontractingroleonly?體系作為承包人公開投標(biāo)或唯一來源?希求得到直接利潤或通過市場滲透/打造企業(yè)形象?單獨(dú)投標(biāo)或聯(lián)合投標(biāo)?共同責(zé)任的法律后果或?qū)嶋H后果?入股抑或僅僅是承包人角色?8Philosophy(cont’d)AsanownerAllianceorrisktransfer?LinkedtofundingmethodSomesectoralpatternsAlsovariesbetweenpublicandprivatesectorPhilosophyisinfluentialonlyifsharedwithinsupplychain體系(續(xù))作為業(yè)主聯(lián)合或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移?與融資方式相關(guān)聯(lián)一些部門模式公共部門與私營部門不同體系僅在供應(yīng)鏈共享范圍內(nèi)有影響9Structure–theProjectPrivatelyprocuredOnbalancesheetOffbalancesheetPubliclyprocuredMaystillbeaccountingconsiderations,eginPPPCombinationsPPPprojectsConcessionsOthers–egPPAs結(jié)構(gòu)–項(xiàng)目私下獲得項(xiàng)目資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表外公開獲得項(xiàng)目仍可能考慮對價(jià)，例如在PPP（公私合伙）合同中結(jié)合PPP（公私合伙）項(xiàng)目讓步其他–例如PPA10TypicalPPPStructurePUBLICENTITYCONCESSIONCONTRACTSPVSPONSOREQUITYTHIRDPARTYEQUITYINVESTORSDUEDILIGENCEADVISER1MEZZANINEFUNDERSINSURERSCONSTRUCTIONSENIORFUNDERS(BANK/BOND)SURPLUSREALESTATEDISPOSALDUEDILIGENCEADVISER2SUBCONTRACTOR1DESIGNERSEQUIPMENTSUPPLYOPERATION&MAINTENANCEDEVELOPERDUEDILIGENCEADVISER3INVESTORSSUBCONTRACTOR2SUBCONTRACTOR3BONDS&GUARANTEESSURETIES&GUARANTORS典型PPP結(jié)構(gòu)共同實(shí)體特許權(quán)合同SPV發(fā)起人股份第三方股份投資人合理注意顧問1中間融資者保險(xiǎn)人建設(shè)高級融資者

(銀行/債券)剩余不動(dòng)產(chǎn)處置合理注意顧問2分包人1設(shè)計(jì)人設(shè)備供應(yīng)運(yùn)營與維護(hù)開發(fā)商合理注意顧問3投資人分包人2分包人3保函與擔(dān)保擔(dān)保與保證11Structure–theMainConstructionContract(s)EPC/designandbuildOwnerdesignedEPCM/CMOthervariants結(jié)構(gòu)–主建設(shè)合同設(shè)計(jì)采購施工/設(shè)計(jì)施工業(yè)主設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)采購施工管理/施工管理EPCM/CM其他變量12KEY

“Traditional”O(jiān)WNER

CONTRACTORSUB-CONTRACTORSARCHITECT/ENGINEER=Appointments=Sub-Contracts=BuildingContractEPCStructureKEY

“傳統(tǒng)”業(yè)主承包人分包人建筑師/工程師

=任命=分包合同=施工合同EPC結(jié)構(gòu)13WheredoesEPCfitin?ConstructionManagementOwnerassumesriskContractorretainsriskTraditionalDesign&BuildLSTK/EPCRISKSPECTRUMExceptasotherwisestatedintheContract:theContractorshallbedeemedtohaveobtainedallnecessaryinformationastorisks,contingenciesandothercircumstanceswhichmayinfluenceoraffecttheWorks;bysigningtheContract,theContractoracceptstotalresponsibilityforhavingforeseenalldifficultiesandcostsofsuccessfullycompletingtheWorks;andtheContractPriceshallnotbeadjustedtotakeaccountofanyunforeseendifficultiesorcosts.LSTK–LumpSumTurnkeyEPC–EngineeringProcurementandConstructionEPCStructure(cont’d)EPC合同適合什么?建設(shè)管理業(yè)主承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承包人保留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)施工LSTK/EPC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)幅度除非在合同中另有約定外：承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)被視為已獲知有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、意外事故及其他可能影響工程的情況的全部必要信息；一俟簽約，承包人即接受了所預(yù)見到的各類困難的全部責(zé)任并承擔(dān)順利完工的一切費(fèi)用；且合同價(jià)款不得因考慮任何不可預(yù)見的困難或費(fèi)用而調(diào)整。LSTK–一次性付款交鑰匙EPC–設(shè)計(jì)采購施工EPC結(jié)構(gòu)(續(xù))14EPCKeyFeaturesSinglepointresponsibilitySubjecttocapsandcarve-outsHighdegreeofriskforcontractorAlsohigh(butnotabsolute)degreeofcontractorcontrolPricedaccordinglyThepreferredstructureforprojectfinance/PPPtransactionsLinkagetoshareholdersupportEPC主要特點(diǎn)單一責(zé)任責(zé)任的上限及分割承包人承擔(dān)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目多由承包人控制，但非完全控制相應(yīng)報(bào)價(jià)項(xiàng)目融資的更優(yōu)模式/PPP交易與股東支持的聯(lián)系15EPCKeyFeatures(cont’d)Sensitivetomarketconditions–recenthistoryWidechoiceofstandardcontracts(egFIDICSilverandYellow)Commonlyusedininfrastructure,thermalpoweranddownstreampetchemEPC主要特點(diǎn)(續(xù))對市場條件敏感——最近的歷史可以選擇更多的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同(例如FIDIC銀皮書和黃皮書)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、熱電廠和下游石化行業(yè)中應(yīng)用16KEY

“Traditional”O(jiān)WNER

CONTRACTORSUB-CONTRACTORSARCHITECT/ENGINEER=Appointments=Sub-Contracts=BuildingContractOwnerDesignKey

“傳統(tǒng)”業(yè)主承包人分包人建筑師/工程師

=任命=分包合同=施工合同業(yè)主設(shè)計(jì)17OwnerDesignKeyFeaturesMorecontrolforownerDesignandotherrisksalsoretainedbyownerHistoryofdisputesUsehasdeclinedinrecentdecadesbutstillusedin,eg,publiccivilworksandtechnologyprojectsIncompatiblewithprojectfinanceapproach業(yè)主設(shè)計(jì)主要特點(diǎn)業(yè)主更多控制設(shè)計(jì)及其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍由業(yè)主保留爭議歷史近幾十年來使用率降低，但仍在使用，例如在公共民用建筑和技術(shù)項(xiàng)目中與項(xiàng)目融資方式不兼容18OWNERTCPROFESSIONALTEAMARCHITECTSTRUCTURALENGINEERM&EENGINEERQUANTITYSURVEYORCDMCO-ORDINATORCONSTRUCTIONMANAGERTC=TRADECONTRACTOR=TradeContract=Appointments=CMAKEYEPCM/CMTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTC業(yè)主TCTC專業(yè)隊(duì)伍建筑師結(jié)構(gòu)工程師機(jī)械電氣工程師成本估算師CDM協(xié)調(diào)師TCTCTCTCTCTCTC施工項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理TC=專業(yè)承包商=專業(yè)合同

=任命=注冊管理會計(jì)師KEYEPCM/CM19EPCM/CMKeyFeaturesEPCMcontractorisessentiallyaconsultantOwnerbearssubstantialriskInterfaceRecourse/leverageCanproducethelowestcostandfastestcompletionButisheavilydependentonspecialistskills,experienceandresourcesCanbedisastrousifthosearenotpresent–examplesWidelyusedinupstreamoilandgas,renewablesandsomerealestatemarketsEPCM/CM主要特點(diǎn)EPCM承包人實(shí)際上是顧問業(yè)主承擔(dān)實(shí)質(zhì)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)接口追索/杠桿作用能達(dá)到最低支出與最快完工但很大程度上有賴于專業(yè)技術(shù)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)與資源如果不具備這些將可能損失慘重——案例廣泛應(yīng)用于上游油氣、可再生資源以及一些不動(dòng)產(chǎn)市場20VariantsTiming–two-stagecontractingMarketdrivenandmixedfeedbackConversionmechanismScope–isFEEDincluded?CanbeattractiveforcontractorsPricing–targetcost/GMPUsuallyaconsequenceratherthanachoiceExamples–eg2012Linktophilosophy變量時(shí)間–兩步簽約市場驅(qū)動(dòng)與綜合反饋轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制范圍–是否包括FEED?對承包人有吸引力價(jià)格–目標(biāo)費(fèi)用/優(yōu)良制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GMP通常是結(jié)果而非選擇例子–例如2012與體系相關(guān)21For儉ms雄of惠Con勞tra京cta社pr杰of交us勾io喜n軋of搖c尾ol映ou逆r猶an準(zhǔn)d浴va象ri時(shí)et暢y!合同扮格式各種各鞭樣的色鵝彩和類洲型!22Fo旁rm蛾s兼of贈(zèng)C修on可tr頭ac凝tSta利nda覽rd辟or暖spe俗cia什lly跌dr畝aft姥ed?Rel車eva鞏nce佛of貧wi闊der惹st駕ruc贊tur優(yōu)eOr須ig朵in液o餓f煉st而an菠da論rd硬f桃or胃msEx耐am視pl菜e觀of痛F惕ID揭ICOth健er癢sta兩nda安rd厘for販ms,egNE常C,商A越IA賀,拐EN略AA宵,法EI陪CWh確y股am潮en禍d矛a忙“p冠ro納ve伸n”松f尤or毅m?To逝cor侵rec靜tp謀erc竊eiv貫ed旱ano喉mal榴ies頂or銀bi或as具(ex齊amp案les罩)合同格渠式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)合同肚抑或石特別竭制定拴的合環(huán)同?更廣泛奧結(jié)構(gòu)的足相關(guān)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格茅式起源FID桂IC實(shí)例其他吹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)逆格式章，例蹲如NEC篇,A捆IA,剪EN江AA,譜EI甜C為何修雷訂“現(xiàn)螞有”格胖式?修正矮已發(fā)經(jīng)現(xiàn)的悄異常薪或偏厭差(例子)23Fo陡rm揀s宣of神C巨on賓tr袍ac案t參(c斤on熊t’傷d)To靜r露ef助le墊ct按d類ea槳l聚sp驗(yàn)ec模if稱ic售s遮or孔s儲ec飛to占r腫pr休ac申ti買ce役(頭ex雅am福pl膠es虜)To前i嫌nc掏or錘po叮ra烈te庭m盡at被er濾ia丑l耕fr雷o(hù)m忽o核th浸er嫂c園on腔tr游ac垂ts辦(egin堆PPP批)To火r鬼ef刺le刊ct芒r繪eq租ui捎re晝me晌nt暑s浸of擋f案un稀di丹ng爺(索wh結(jié)ic子h旁ma扶y寶be援o儀wn獸er斥o妥r脆co鑄nt房誠ra黃ct冬or度s演ou近rc奇ed踐)For某le拒gal碰re揀aso崇ns翻(ex長amp毛les障)Wh轎o騾dr比af拘ts也–抹o撞wn栗er衰o豎r啦co份nt熟ra予ct冷or顫?合同格犯式(續(xù))反映囑交易果特性若或部冤門實(shí)順踐（克例子雖）吸納廟其他授合同伙素材(例如俯在PP群P合同中)反映融諷資需求(可能妨來源紋于業(yè)疾主或艇承包似人)基于法侍律原因(例子)由誰秩起草–業(yè)主灶還是伴承包濁人?24Key以Ri熔sks準(zhǔn)an杰dC丸ont鍋rac昌tT柄erm茫sLaw斯an律dl到ang伴uag莫eEng斗lis栗hl豬ang它uag望ea甚nd世sty瀉le瓦com鳴mon廚ly滔use續(xù)dPre與ced碼enc擊ea達(dá)nd殿int副egr婚ati膏on缺of到doc頌ume患ntsDi鳳st揀in鋤gu弱is冠h括la霜ng昏ua增ge溜o屋f但co困nt都ra引ct慣a飾nd廈o之f距co魄mm活un歪ic源at且io淘nsCo應(yīng)mm差on述l存aw累p華re黎fe蓋rr釣ed陪b儀ut屯l偏es溉s隨st沉ro尿ng乖ly踐t扭he俱se容d信ay怨sImp昏act樓of爸lo殘cal略la出wi踏na請ny朗eve乏ntWid徹ec窯hoi壯ce默of正met議hod恒sa已nd剛pla回ces序fo大rd苦isp命ute確re錢sol黨uti駱on主要風(fēng)史險(xiǎn)與合衛(wèi)同條款法律譽(yù)與語駕言通常私使用貧英語本語言黎與文俊體文件的市優(yōu)先順爭序與整含體性區(qū)分畢合同裁語言煉與交呈流語工言優(yōu)先南考慮蓋普通尸法，爸但近忌來這冷一趨舌勢減滲弱任何情兇況下本敘地法的頸影響爭議解臣決方式董與地點(diǎn)勻的廣泛際選擇25Ke從y咽Ri債sk坦s欲an耀d屠Co敢nt仍ra張ct殃T肯er婚ms董(應(yīng)co捏nt怨’d英)Qua捉lit幫ya顯nd盾sco踏pe“Wr酬app鐮ing強(qiáng)”egof州t扯ec頑hn示ol敲og抓y者or閃e阻xi搏st油in爪g梯wo泥rk顏s道or嗓d津es姑ig焰nFit棋nes榨sf科or銳pur亡pos跪ea忍nd情rea石son造abl例es勻kil冊la楊nd鵝car痕eIn扇su監(jiān)ra晴nc潔e減an燦d攔ri途sk猛r般et筆en政ti程on識i盾mp錄li即ca欠ti轉(zhuǎn)on應(yīng)sCom貿(mào)pli插anc違ew抵ith護(hù)la旱ws弟and糟co膜nse歉ntsSp仿ec活ia顛l瘋im車po偽rt潔an輛ce漸o糾f薄en犯vi血ro相nm白en不ta桐l險(xiǎn)re狂qu樣ir憤em浮en鼓tsPas格s-d蒜own壯fr逆om柜oth汗er獸pro爺jec歇td巴ocu鳥men帥ts主要朵風(fēng)險(xiǎn)害與合謠同條棗款(續(xù))質(zhì)量與版范圍“限制”例如備，對熟技術(shù)搬或現(xiàn)慮有工宏程與箏設(shè)計(jì)符合目疊標(biāo)及合琴理技術(shù)聞與注意閘義務(wù)保險(xiǎn)與觸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)保困留問題符合寶法律懷及約面定環(huán)境愚要求爐的特坐殊重歡要性其他握項(xiàng)目蜜文件央的延何續(xù)26Key雹Ri夠sks繪an辨dC圣ont欄rac比tT桃erm惰s(確con疲t’d觀)Int分ell良ect葉ual書pr決ope頃r(shí)tyOwn送ers著hip爸by巷co搏ntr積act著orAss微ign敲ed還or少lic躁ens下ed補(bǔ)to累own響er?Sc急op泳e情of譽(yù)l美ic速en殃seInd肺emn悄iti醫(yī)es跑for僚in屬fri陷nge賠men綱t–哨ca錄ppe媽do堂rn毯ot?主要納風(fēng)險(xiǎn)蟻與合藍(lán)同條嗚款(續(xù))知識產(chǎn)滾權(quán)承包人道的所有巴權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓碎或許誦可給環(huán)業(yè)主?許可醫(yī)范圍侵權(quán)貞賠償——有無笛上限?27Key來Ri皇sks冷an虛dC擋ont芬rac昆tT救erm艘s(背con罵t’d逮)Pe握rf省or感ma膽nc年e思Se喊cu父ri榆tyJoi栽nt但lia懂bil涼ityGua隨ran臂tee兆sBon幅dsTyp輩es譜and連pu垂rpo催sesIs早su雁es旺w浙it干h摸on測-d危em稻an倡d火bo摧nd監(jiān)sCre閃dit棋is沙sue再si植nc撿urr計(jì)ent滔ma浙rke究tRet咬ent縱ion彩fu袋nds主要注風(fēng)險(xiǎn)眼與合顆同條束款(續(xù))履約碰擔(dān)保共同責(zé)裁任擔(dān)保人保函類型蟲與目朵的按需求停發(fā)放保家函在當(dāng)前模市場中級按信用敬發(fā)放保殿函保留基焰金Ke睡y赤Ri等sk申s惠an怪d無Co核nt岸ra雜ct坊T蹄er錫ms六(影co娛nt段’d教)Sub刊con輔tra件cti唐ngApp膏rov靈alSt冶ep正-i勝n留ri鴿gh霞tsSi刪te弊c渴on揭di逼ti葡on據(jù)sCa黃n偵th宇re虜at京en忍v點(diǎn)ia嘗bi傘li盞ty燙o捕f志pr漠oj惑ec鳴t/番pa使rt橋ie墾sMit往iga鞏ntsAn濤o伴pe譽(yù)n-以mi浙nd裙ed散a盾pp巾ro巴ac未hGo勁ve筐rn閃me壯nt堵s鳳up繡po搭rtSu倆rv什ey跪s推an丟d座st擱ag鉆in頌gFle儉xib嬸ili麻ty框in胃des發(fā)ign28主要風(fēng)妹險(xiǎn)與合饒同條款(續(xù))分包同意介入權(quán)現(xiàn)場訪狀況可能威陜脅到項(xiàng)摔目/當(dāng)事袋方的荒存續(xù)降低艇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)歉的辦執(zhí)法思維開榆放的方復(fù)式政府滔支持現(xiàn)場考亡查與籌霉備設(shè)計(jì)掛的彈券性29Key濕Ri屠sks秒an頑dC冠ont監(jiān)rac假tT巷erm花s(渣c(diǎn)on票t’d磁)Lab扇ourLoc麥al局law綱sLoc貴al添pre衡fer縣enc鍬eTi砍meSta舟tus咬of身pr豈ogr鵲amm赴eRe劈燕me縱di齒es獲f睡or侄d暫el格ayLi融qu湊id象at舌ed徒d域am點(diǎn)ag詠es米(制“L襖Ds沾”)煎f嘩or維d潔el饒ayEn爬fo潔rc時(shí)ea稿bi裹li植ty弦i裂ss愛ue涌s夜wi發(fā)th環(huán)d診el爭ay填L米DsAc邪ce茫le亦ra呈ti有onMi述le帶st房誠on位esLo守ok賢-f教or柄wa攜rd芒d值ef絕au爛ltCa鐵lc珠ul鴿at拆io游n化an即d捏ca特pp揪in儉g起of象L屯DS主要良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)牧與合洞同條付款(續(xù))勞動(dòng)干力當(dāng)?shù)貏?lì)法律當(dāng)?shù)爻獌?yōu)惠時(shí)間計(jì)劃狀底況延期賠抹償延期違軋約賠償適金違約賠所償金執(zhí)像行力問它題趕工重大恭事件預(yù)期晃違約延期違隸約賠償黨金的計(jì)偉算與上錦限30Key停Ri泰sks明an礎(ch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