高中英語UNIT3預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案含解析新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONⅠ.匹配詞義a．匹配下列單詞詞義()1.emissionA．vt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服B．vt.對……處以罰款()2.fuel()3.worldwideC．vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；變革；改良((()4.broadcast)5.policy)6.reformD．n.公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)E．vt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)F．n.燃料；刺激性言行G．n.政策；方針；原則H．vt.&vi.播送；廣播；傳播n．廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目I．n.排放物；散發(fā)物；排放J．a(chǎn)dv.遍及全球地()7.submit()8.enterprise()9.restore()10.fineadj.世界各地的；影響全世界的[答案]1—5IFJHG6—10CADEBb．匹配下列短語詞義()1.resultinA．許多；很多()2.takeactionB．對……產(chǎn)生影響()3.carryout()4.dozensofC．指的是D．被困在；陷入困境；陷入()5.haveanimpacton()6.refertoE．采取措施F．導(dǎo)致()7.betrappedin()8.onbehalfof[答案]1—5FEGAB6—8CDHⅡ.默寫單詞G．執(zhí)行；實(shí)施H．代表(代替)某人1．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化2．implementvt.使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行3．moderateadj.適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt.4．a(chǎn)nnualadj.n.緩和；使適中每年的；一年的年刊；年鑒5．volumen.6．campaignn.vi.&vt.量；體積；(成套書籍中的)一卷運(yùn)動；戰(zhàn)役參加運(yùn)動；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的原子能的；核能的；原子核的垃圾；廢物7．sensitiveadj.8．nuclearadj.9．garbagen.10．ecologyn.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)Ⅰ.選詞填空restore；trend；sensitive；release；melt；submit；campaign；worldwide；undergo；policy1．Thesnowhadmelted，butthelakewasstillfrozensolid.2．Humouriswonderfulforreleasingtension.3．Hisbookshavesoldmorethan20millioncopiesworldwide．4．Thereisagrowingtrendtowardsearlierretirement.5．Thecompanyhasadoptedafirmpolicyonshoplifting.6．Somechildrenundergoacompletetransformationwhentheybecometeenagers.7．TheysubmittedtheirreportstotheChancelloryesterday.8．Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings.9．Shemaynothavethemoneytomaintainorrestoreherhouse.10．Todaypolicelaunchedacampaigntoreduceroadaccidents.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvation(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.2．Makingthehousehabitable(habit)wasamajorundertaking.3．Thisiswhythefocusnowisonsustainable(sustain)development.4．TheRoughGuidetoNepalisacomprehensive(comprehension)guidetotheregion.5．Ifrequently(frequent)usesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.6．Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictions(restrict)onpressfreedom.7．Itisaharmonious(harmony)communitywherepupilsarehappyandindustrious.8．Yetmuchoftheirsuccessreflectsgoodmanagementandgoodregulations(regular)．9．Allproductshavetopassstrictinspection(inspect)beforetheygoout.10．Histoleration(tolerate)ofherbehaviouramazedme.1．Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)其尸體的科學(xué)家稱，北極熊僅存的只是“皮包骨頭”。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.專家稱，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠(yuǎn)的距離才能找到食物。3．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwocommonmeanings：the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.氣候?qū)W家經(jīng)常提到一個關(guān)鍵的過程，叫作“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。4．Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.大氣層中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕獲了一些熱量，保持了地球氣候的溫暖和宜居。5．Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有確鑿而全面的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增多，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。名師圈點(diǎn)①decaden．十年②graphn．圖；圖表；曲線圖③atmospheren．大氣層；氛圍④meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化meltingice正在融化的冰⑤evidencen．證據(jù)；根據(jù)⑥dramaticadj.巨大的；令人震驚的；戲劇性的⑦Svalbard斯瓦爾巴群島(又譯斯瓦爾巴特、斯匹次卑爾根群島)意為冷岸海岸。位于北極地區(qū)的群島，是挪威最北界國土范圍的屬地，它坐落在歐洲大陸北方，于挪威大陸與北極點(diǎn)兩者之間。⑧skinandbone皮包骨頭⑨starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死starvationn．饑餓；挨餓；餓死⑩claimvt.宣稱；聲明；斷言?alarmingadj.使人驚恐的；令人驚慌的；引起恐慌的?haveanimpacton...對……產(chǎn)生影響?ecologyn．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)?averageadj.平均的n．平均數(shù)?referto指的是；參考；查閱?short-wave短波的?releasevt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布?lengthn．長；長度?methanen．甲烷；沼氣?carbondioxide二氧化碳21○habitableadj.適合居住的22○sustainvt.遭受；承受住23○extraadj.額外的24○fossiln．化石25○betrappedin被困在；陷入困境；陷入26○comprehensiveadj.全部的；27○extremeadj.極度的；極端的28○worldwideadj.遍及全球地所有的；詳盡的29○appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?0○trendn．趨勢；趨向；動向31○broadcastvt.&vi.播送；廣播；傳播32○emissionn．排放物；散發(fā)物；排放33○resultin導(dǎo)致

34○long-lasting持久的；長期的35○individualn．個人36○carbonfootprint碳足跡37○restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛38○seizevt.抓??；奪??；控制原文呈現(xiàn)CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD'SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechangefordecades①.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph②)．[1]Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmelting④iceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidence⑤ofadramatic⑥③changeintheglobalclimate.[1]Thereisnodoubtthat...……不容置疑的。In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundon[2]Norway'sArcticislandofSvalbard⑦.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones⑧”．Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody[3]，thebearappearedtohavestarved⑨anddied.Expertsclaimed⑩thatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.Thisalarming?caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpacton?Earth'secology?.[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾adeadbear。[3]who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾anexpert；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaverage?surfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwocommonmeanings[4]:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectrefersto?thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort-wave?radiation[5]．Theheatisreleased?backintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethane?andcarbondioxide?，trap?21keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.Withoutthisprocess，someoftheheat，○22Earthcouldnotsustain○life.However，the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnow23becomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextra○greenhousegases24byburningfossil○fuels，25moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcauses○Earth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.[4]called...是過去分詞短語作定語；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。[5]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋thefact。26Thereisstrongandcomprehensive○evidencethattheriseintemperaturehasled2728toanincreaseinextreme○weatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide○，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives[6]．Climatescientistshavewarnedthat29ifwedonottakeappropriate○actions，30thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinue○31andtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact，newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.[6]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋evidence；causing和costing在句中作結(jié)果狀語?！?233Continuedgreenhousegasemissions○willresultin○furtherwarmingand34long-lasting○changestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weas353637individuals○canalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint○”byrestricting○theamount38ofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibilitytoseize○everyopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.Sow