大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)文本教案第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit 1

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)文本教案第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)文本教案第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit122/22PAGE22大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)文本教案第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)文本教案第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit1Unit1 FightingwiththeforcesofnatureObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:1. graspthemainideaandstructureofthetext;doacomparisonandcontrastbetweenNapoleon’sinvasionofRussiaandHitler’sinvasionoftheSovietUnion;masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Pre-readingTasks1.Song2.NapoleonNelson:HoratioNelson:Britishadmiraladmiral.海軍上將,艦隊(duì)司令whodefeatedtheFrenchfleetintheBattleoftheNile(1798),thusendingNapoleon'sattempttoconquerEgypt,anddestroyedFrenchandSpanishnavalforcesatTrafalgar(1805),wherehewasmortallywounded.懷康待，霍拉肖1758-1805英國(guó)海軍上將，在尼羅河戰(zhàn)役(1798年)中打敗法國(guó)艦隊(duì)，這樣就結(jié)束了拿破侖征服埃及的企圖。1805年在特拉爾加摧毀了法國(guó)和西班牙的海軍力量并身負(fù)重傷Trafalgar:AcapeonthesouthwestcoastofSpainnorthwestoftheStraitofGibraltar.特拉法爾加角位于西班牙西南海岸的海角，在直布羅陀海峽西北。Peninsular[thePeninsula]【史】(1808-1814年西葡“半島戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”中指)伊比里亞/古西班牙(Iberia)半島Elba:AnislandofItalyintheTyrrhenianSeabetweenCorsicaandthemainland.NapoleonBonapartespenthisfirstperiodofexilehere(May1814-February1815).厄爾巴島意大利的一個(gè)島嶼，位于第勒尼安海，在意大利半島和科西嘉島之間，拿破侖·波拿巴的第一次放逐地（1814年5月-1815年2月）Waterloo:AtownofcentralBelgiumnearBrussels.NapoleonmethisfinaldefeatintheBattleofWaterloo(June18,1815)滑鐵盧比利時(shí)中部靠近布魯塞爾的城鎮(zhèn)。拿破侖在滑鐵盧上役中(1815年6Videoclips1)ridge:bombardment:炮擊；轟擊--anoiseofheavybombardment猛烈的炮擊聲hurl:猛投/沖,/撞cavalry:Troopstrainedtofightonhorseback騎兵被訓(xùn)練在馬背上戰(zhàn)斗的部隊(duì)intersperse:Todistributeamongotherthingsatintervals散置，點(diǎn)綴:--intersperseamong使散布于...,使...散置于--interspersewith用...點(diǎn)綴著repulse:Todriveback;repel擊退；驅(qū)逐，趕走oncue:在預(yù)定的時(shí)間(exactlyontherightmoment,asifdirectedtotakeactionatthemoment)backoutofhisagreementtoblockadeEnglandplantodictatethetermsofanewdealdiginsmashintowithdrawamputationdesertedarsonistcunningschemedwindlebloated:.浮腫的,發(fā)脹的,傲慢的plummet:straggler:落伍士兵,蔓生的枝葉,游蕩者,流浪者,落后者Napoleonwillgohome,thearchitectofoneoftheworstdisastersinMan’shistory.crumble:v.弄碎,粉碎,崩潰alliedforcesHisfateissealed.seal:toestablishordetermineirrevocably:注定，確定不可取消地建立或決定：Ourfatewassealed.我們的命運(yùn)是上天注定的3.WorldWarIIAbriefintroductiontothewar:WinstonChurchill:iftheBritishempireanditscommonwealthlastsforathousandyears,menwillstillsayTHISwastheirfinesthour!FranklinD.Roosevelt:Yesterday,December7,1941,adatewhichwillliveininfamy,theUnitedStatesofAmericawassuddenlyanddeliberatelyattackedbynavalandairforcesoftheEmpireofJapan.Hostilitiesexist.Thereisnoblinkingatthefactthatourpeople,ourterritory,andourinterests,areingravedanger.AbriefintroductiontoHitler:Anti-Semitism:反猶太主義Key-stoneofhispropaganda:Institute(創(chuàng)立,開(kāi)始)sterilization(消毒,絕育)andeuthanasia(安樂(lè)死)measures:Sinti:andRoma/Gypsy:TheSintiandRomaaretwolargetribesornationsoftheGypsypeople.TheSintilivedpredominantlyinGermanyandwesternEurope.TheRomawerecenteredinAustriaandeasternEurope.Slavic:n.斯拉夫語(yǔ)adj.斯拉夫人[語(yǔ)]的(AbranchoftheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilythatincludesBulgarian,Belorussian,Czech,Macedonian,Polish,Russian,Serbo-Croatian,Slovak,Slovene,Ukrainian,andWendish.斯拉夫語(yǔ)印歐語(yǔ)系的一支，包括保加利亞語(yǔ)、白俄羅斯語(yǔ)、捷克語(yǔ)、馬其頓語(yǔ)、波蘭語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)、塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語(yǔ)、斯洛伐克語(yǔ)、斯洛文尼亞語(yǔ)、烏克蘭語(yǔ)和文德語(yǔ))Barbarossa::.巴巴羅薩(神圣羅馬帝國(guó)皇帝,1155-1190)directive:Anorderorinstruction,especiallyoneissuedbyacentralauthority指示，命令intelligentsia:n.知識(shí)分子(集合稱(chēng)),知識(shí)階層,知識(shí)界FieldMarshal(陸軍元帥)vonPalacerepel:vt.擊退,抵制,使厭惡,使不愉快rival:v.競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)抗,相匹敵n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,對(duì)手Global-readingTasksTasksSsthefollowingquestionsontherecording:Whereandwhendidthestormoccur?Whydidthecrewfeartheworstwouldhappentothem?Discussion:Manornature,whichismorepowerful?1) Ssaredividedintotwogroups.Onegrouplistsinstanceswheremanconquersnature;theothergroupcomesupwithcaseswheretheforcesofnaturearetoopowerfultoberesisted.2) SeveralSsfrombothgroupsreporttheirrespectiveliststoclass;3) TsolicitsopinionsfromotherSs:manornature,whichdoyouthinkmorepowerful?TmaymoveontoTextAbysaying:Manchangesnatureinordertoliveinabettercondition.However,manmustalsobecarefulnottodisregardthelawsofnature.WhenNapoleonandHitlerfinallyrealizedtheirarrogance,itwastoolate.4.TrueorFalsequestions:1)“TheIcyDefender”referstotheRussianriver.(F)[ItreferstothebleakRussianwinter.]2)NapoleonandhistroopsgainedthequickvictoryinRussiaastheyhadexpected.(F)[ToNapoleon’ssurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.]3)Napoleondidn’tcapturethecapitalofRussia.(F)[NapoleoncapturedthecapitalofRussia:Moscow]4)HitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylandcampaigninhistory.(T)5）Germantroopsadoptedscorch-earthpolicywhentheyenteredRussia.(F)[StalininstructedtheRussianpeopletoburnanddestroyfarmsandfactories.]6)HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseofthestrongresistancefromtheRussianpeople.(F)[HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseoftheseverewinterinRussia.]5.QuestionsandAnswers:1)WhathappenedtoNapoleon’sarmywhenitwasretreatingfromMoscow?TheRussianslaunchedhit-and-runattacksontheFrenchfromfieldsandforests.Ontheotherhand,thetemperaturedroppedtominus4degreesCelsiusandNapoleon’sarmydidn’thaveenoughclothes,foodandshelter.2)Whydidn’ttheRussianpeopledefendtheirhomelandinthefaceofNapoleon’soffensive?Theywouldliketotakeadvantageoftheirnaturesituationtofightforthem.3)WhattacticsdidHitleruseintheinvasionoftheSovietUnion?Heplannedtousetheblitzkrieg,or“l(fā)ightningwar”,tacticsthathaddefeatedtherestofEurope.4)WhatwasthesignificanceofthebattleofStalingrad?Itwasoneofthemostimportantbattles.ItendedGermany’songoingoffensiveagainsttheSovietUnionandalongwiththesecondBattleofElAlameinpavedthewayforNaziGermany’seventualdefeat.5)WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaigns?Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.While-readingTasks1. TasksSstosurveythetextwithinthreeminutesandfindoutthemainidea:-Manchangesnatureinordertolive.However,manmustalsobecarefulnottodisregardthelawsofnature.Inthistext,NapoleonandHitlerlaunchedmilitarycampaignsagainstRussia(theSovietUnion),buttheybothignoredtheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter—theIcyDefender.Asaresult,theybothfailed.2. TdrawsSs’attentiontothesubtitlesinthetext,thenleadsthemthroughTextOrganizationExercise1.InthiswaySswillhaveabetterunderstandingofthetextstructure.-Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts,ascanbeeasilyseenfromthesubtitlesprovidedbytheauthor.PartOne(Paras1-2):Introduction—BothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaigns failedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.PartTwo(Paras3-11):Napoleon’smilitarycampaignagainstRussiaPartThree(Paras12-20):Hitler’smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnionPartFour(Para21):Conclusion—Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.3.TexplainsthelanguagepointsinPartsI-IV,andhasSspracticethem.4. Ssformgroupstoanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwoinvasions.Whentheyfinish,someSsgroupsreporttoclass.LanguagePoints:stand/get/beintheway:preventfromdoingsth.--Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestshouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.--Idon’tthinkkidshaveasmuchfunasweusedto.Fiercecompetitionkeepsgettinginthewayoftheirrelaxation.launch:start;sendsth.onitscourse--In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion.開(kāi)始攻擊--Thiscomputercompanylaunchedanewproductlastweek.這家電腦公司上周推出一種新產(chǎn)品。launchaship使船下水launchanartificialsatellite發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星launchone'ssonintotheworld把兒子送到社會(huì)上launchanewenterprise/acompany創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)新企業(yè)/開(kāi)一家公司launchamassproductionmovement開(kāi)展群眾性生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)~amassivecampaign發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模運(yùn)動(dòng)~threatsatsb.向某人發(fā)出威脅~into（積極有力地）開(kāi)始--Helaunchedintoalongspeechaboutthedangeroftakingdrugs.他開(kāi)始作關(guān)于吸毒危險(xiǎn)性的長(zhǎng)篇演說(shuō)。~out（精力充沛或戲劇性地）開(kāi)始--Shewantstobemorethanasingerandislaunchingoutintofilms.她不是僅僅想當(dāng)一名歌手，現(xiàn)正在積極涉足電影界。retreat:movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty--Afterafiercebattle,thetroopsretreatedsouthward.--Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:whentheenemyadvances,weretreat;whentheyretreat,wepursue.我們采取如下策略：敵進(jìn)我退，敵退我追。~from從……撤退~to:撤退到Opposite:advance:toadvanceagainst(on,to,toward…)朝……前進(jìn)be/getboggeddown:beunabletomakeprogress[俗]陷于泥沼;陷于困境;停頓(bog:vt.vi.)（與down連用）陷入沼澤；陷入困境--Igotboggeddownbythedifficulthomework.課外作業(yè)把我給難住了。--Howdidtheconstructionworkbogdown?建筑工程怎樣會(huì)停下來(lái)的?--Thetalkswiththelaborersgotboggeddownonthequestionofthepayrise.(喻)關(guān)于增加工資的問(wèn)題使同工人們進(jìn)行的談判陷入了僵局。--Thelocalgovernmentgotboggeddowninproblemsofhowtohandletheairpollution.--Manycarswereboggeddownbecauseof/intheknee-deepsnow.--Don'tbogmedowninthismassofdetail.不要讓我陷入這些難纏的瑣事中。Weworriedthattheheavyrainacrosstheprairiewouldsoonbogourcar.我們擔(dān)心平原上的大雨將很快使我們的汽車(chē)陷入淤泥。5engage:beginfightingwithsb.;etc--Thecommanderorderedthesoldierstoengagetheenemyimmediately.與敵人開(kāi)戰(zhàn)drawto;involve;(causeto)takepartinordo;--Ihavenotimetoengageingossip.--Wetriedtoengagehiminourconversation,butinvain.attractsb’sinterest;--Wefailedtoengageanyactivesupportforourproject.--Hisgoodnatureengageseveryone.他善良的性情吸引每個(gè)人。occupy占--Workengagesmuchofhertime.工作占去她很多時(shí)間。~as使聘為~in從事；使參加~with與……嚙合(niehe:clenchone’steeth;:[齒輪等]如上下牙齒那樣咬緊:打谷機(jī)的齒輪嚙合性很好)takeagamble:takearisk--Sheistakingagambleinvestingallhermoneyinrealestate.--Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts,anditpaidoff.presson/ahead:continuedoingsth.inadeterminedway(usedinthepattern:presson/aheadwithsth.)--Despitefierceopposition,thegovernmentispressingonwithitscampaigntoeliminatecorruption.--Wecan’tretreat;wecanonlypresson/aheadwiththereform.minus:prep.belowzero;--Tomorrow’stemperaturewillbeaslowasminustendegreescelcius.madelessby;--20minus10is10.--Thegrossprofitofanautomobilemanufacturerequalsthevalueofitscarsalesminusthecostofmakingcars.(Informal)without(沒(méi)有)--Iwenttoworkminusmybriefcase.(我在沒(méi)有公文包的情況下去上班)adj.(Mathematics)Negativeoronthenegativepartofascale:負(fù)的：--aminusvalue一個(gè)負(fù)值--minusfivedegrees零下五度Rankingonthelowerendofadesignatedscale:減的--我在考試中得了B減。(IgotBminusintheexamination.)n.theminussign(-).減號(hào);anegativequantity.負(fù)數(shù)：一個(gè)負(fù)的值和數(shù);adeficiencyordefect.不足或缺點(diǎn)alliance:Acloseassociationofnationsorothergroups,formedtoadvancecommoninterestsorcauses聯(lián)盟，同盟；聯(lián)姻；結(jié)盟makeanalliance結(jié)成聯(lián)盟--Thetwocountriesmadeanalliance.兩國(guó)結(jié)盟。--economicalalliance經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟--InternationalCo-operativeA-國(guó)際合作社聯(lián)盟--NationalA-ofBusinessmen全國(guó)工商業(yè)主聯(lián)盟--Thereisanalliancebetweenlogicandmetaphysics.邏輯與形而上學(xué)之間有類(lèi)似之處。enterinto(an)alliancewith與...結(jié)成聯(lián)盟,與...聯(lián)合catchsb.offguard:takesb.bysurprise使措手不及/大吃一驚--Thereporter’squestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.--Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguardashegotadivorceonlyacoupleofmonthsago.instruct:giveordersordirectionstosb.(usedinthepatterns:instructsb.todosth.;instructsb.that;instructsb.withquote);--Myparentsinstructedmetostartearly.吩咐/命令某人早動(dòng)身--Theprofessorinstructedusthatwehadonemonthtoconducttheproject.--“Goandsayhitoher,Ken,”P(pán)eterinstructed.--I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntiltheteacherarrives/fortheteacher.我奉命在這里等老師來(lái)。teachsb.(usedinthepattern:instructsb.in/onsth.)--Heinstructedfamilymembersinnursingtechniques.--instructaclassinhistory給一個(gè)班學(xué)生上歷史課(--Theyinstructedmeinthebestwaysofdoingthejob他們教給了我做這項(xiàng)工作的最好辦法。)render:causetobeinaspecifiedcondition,make使成為…使成為；制成--Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake/flood.地震導(dǎo)致成百上千的人無(wú)家可歸。--Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.--Thenewsrenderedherspeechless.這個(gè)消息使她變得默默無(wú)言--Hislazinessrendershimfat.Togiveormakeavailable;provide:給予或使可獲得；提供：--renderassistance給予援助~into:譯成（某種語(yǔ)言）:torendersthintoChinese譯成中文~up做（禱告）；放棄，交出--renderoneselfupto投降~blowforblow以牙還牙~goodforevil以德報(bào)怨renderback報(bào)答,歸還bringtoahalt:stopcompletely--Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterials.--我們的旅行因風(fēng)暴而終止。Ourjourneywasbroughttoahaltbyastorm.offensive:n.aggressiveaction,attack--紅軍發(fā)動(dòng)大規(guī)模的軍事攻擊。(TheRedArmyledamassivemilitaryoffensive.)launch/mountan~發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻carryout/undertakean~進(jìn)攻onthe~發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻assume/goon/goover/takethe~進(jìn)攻--Ifallelsefails,I’llgoovertothe~.如果其他方法都失敗，我將采取攻勢(shì)。adj.oforaboutattack;causingoffense;unpleasant--這支進(jìn)攻的軍隊(duì)很快地贏得了陣地。(Theoffensivetroopsgainedgroundquickly.)--Myneighborisreallyanoffensiveperson.Heoftenholdpartiesdeepintothenight.turnthetide(against):changewhatlookslikedefeatintovictory改變形勢(shì),改變局面使事態(tài)急轉(zhuǎn)直下--SovietvictoryinStalingradturnedthetideofthewarinEurope.reckon:count;consider;think--許多人認(rèn)為他是一位偉大的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatfootballplayer.) reckonwith:take…intoconsideration --Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.--Wehavetoreckonwithmanyproblems.我們必須考慮到許多問(wèn)題。toll:n.thenumberofpeopleoranimalskilledorinjuredinparticularcircumstances;--Thetollofroaddeathsandinjuriesisontherise.--war~戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)傷亡人數(shù)--moneypaidfortheuseofabridgeorroad--Thelocalgovernmentwasallowedtochargetollsfortheuseoftheroads.--tollonlong-distancetelephonecalls長(zhǎng)途電話費(fèi)用--Eachcarmustpayatolltocrossthebridge.charge/exact/imposea~征收（道路、橋梁等的）通行費(fèi)/稅levy(征收)~onsb.向某人收費(fèi)（或征稅）takeits/atoll:causedamage,injuriesordeaths(oftenfollowedbyof/on)--Thefamine/floodtookatollof30,000lives.使喪生--這次地震給幾個(gè)村莊造成重大損失。Theearthquaketookaheavytollonseveralvillages.v.sound(alargebell)slowlyat