新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語四UNIT6

TextAbouttheauthorGotothetextAbouttheauthor

TheauthorofthepassageMoMowlam(1949–2005)wasaBritishLabourpolitician,whowastheMember

ofParliamentforRedcarfrom1987to2001,andservedintheCabinetasSecretaryofStateforNorthern

Ireland,MinisterfortheCabinetOfficeandChancelloroftheDuchyofLancaster.Herpersonalcharisma,

reputationforplainspeakingandfightagainstabraintumourledhertobeperceivedbymanyasoneofthe

mostpopular“NewLabour”politiciansintheUK.Shediedin2005becauseofabraintumour.TextWinstonChurchill1 Inthesummerof1940,Britainstoodaloneonthebrinkofinvasion.Atthatcrucialtime,oneman,WinstonChurchill,definedwhatitmeanttobeBritish.Weliketothinkofourselvesastolerantandlong-sufferingpeople.ButChurchill,throughhisleadershipandhisexample,remindedusthatifallweholddear–ourdemocracy,ourfreedom–isthreatened,wewillshowcourageanddeterminationlikenoothernation.Text2 "Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Youaskwhatisourpolicy?Icansayitistowagewarbysea,landandair,withallourmightandwithallourstrengththatGodcangiveus;towagewaragainstamonstroustyranny,neversurpassedinthedark,lamentablecatalogueofhumancrime.Youaskwhatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword:Itisvictory,victoryatallcosts,victoryinspiteofallterror,victoryhoweverlongandhardtheroadmaybe."Text3 ThiswasthemomentwhenBritainhadtobeatitsgreatest.AndinChurchillwefoundthegreatestofBritons.4 WinstonChurchillwasbornin1874intooneofBritain'sgrandestfamilies.TheChurchillshadbeenfightingforkingandcountryforgenerations.YoungWinstonalwaysbelievedhe'ddothesame.Butself-beliefwassomethinghemaintaineddespiteratherthanbecauseofhisfamily.

Text

HisfatherLordRandolphChurchill(1849–1895),andhismother,Jennie(1854–1921),werebothcoldanddistantpeople.WinstonwaspackedofftoHarrow.Hewasn'tgood-lookingorclever;hewassickly,withalispandastammer.Hewasboundtobebullied–andhewas.Farfromgivingsupport,Winston'sfatherpredictedhischildwould"degenerateintoashabby,unhappyandfutileexistence".Text5 Heleftschooland,afterthreeattempts,gotintothemilitaryacademyatSandhurst.AfterSandhursthewentlookingformilitaryaction–whereveritwas.Hepaidforhimselfbydoublingupasawarcorrespondent.HeusedhisdispatchestopromotehimselfasaherooftheBoerWar,andreturnedtoEnglandin1900renownedandallsettobecomeanMP.Text6 HewaselectedasToryMPforOldhaminthesameyear.ThenheswappedtotheLiberals,thenback.HewasneverreallyaPartyanimal.HecaredaboutBritain.Hisvisionwasofaplacewithbetterlivingstandardsforordinarypeople,butwithafierceregardforlawandorder.Thoughhewasn'taviciousman,Churchill'sattitudetosuffragettes,tradeunionistsoranyonewhochallengedthesystemwasbrutal.Hisweaponoffirstresortwasthearmy.Text7 Butthenhe'dalwayswantedtobeageneral.ThisambitiondatedbacktothedayswhenhespenthisschoolholidaysplayingwithtoysoldiersinthecorridorsofBlenheimPalace,belowthetapestriesofhisheroicancestors.Hemusthavebeendelightedwhen,in1911,hewasmadeFirstLordoftheAdmiralty–andevenmoresowhentheFirstWorldWarofferedhimtheopportunitytoplanamajormilitaryoffensiveatGallipoli,in1915.Text8 Gallipoliwasadisaster,costingWinstonhisjobandnearlyhissanity.Thiswastheonsetofhisfirstmajorboutofdepression,acursehecalledhis"blackdog".Thankfullyhenowhadawife,Clementine,tohelphimthroughit.Shewas11yearsyoungerthanhim,beautiful,cleverandunswervingly

loyal.Text

Shekepthimtogether,buthegothimselfoutofit,intrueChurchillianfashion.Tomakeamendsforhismistake,hetookhimselfofftothetrenchesofFrancetofight.HemustbeoneofthefewsoldierstohavewrittenhomefromtheFirstWorldWarthathehad"foundhappinessandcontentsuchasIhavenotknownformonths".Hewasamanmadeforwar.Text9BythetimeChurchillreturnedtoEngland,he'dalreadyachievedmanygreatthings.He'dbeenasuccessfuljournalist,he'dfoughtforhiscountryandhe'dheldhighoffice,ashewastodoagaininthe1920sasChancelloroftheExchequer.Butby1930,Labourwasinpowerandhewasonthebackbenches,anobodyandahas-been.

Helargelysatoutthe1930sathiscountryretreatChartwell.Text10InSeptember1938,PrimeMinisterNevilleChamberlain(1869–1940)famouslybrandishedanagreementhe'dsignedwithAdolfHitler(1889–1945)anddeclaredhe'dsecuredpeaceinourtime.Youcouldalmosthearthesighsofrelief.ButnotfromWinston.He'dpredicted–longbeforeanyoneelse–whatGermannationalismwasleadingto.TextBythetimehewasprovedright,andwarhadbeendeclared,KingGeorgeVI(1895–1952)knewthat"therewasonlyonepersonIcouldsendfortoformaGovernmentwhohadtheconfidenceofthecountry.AndthatwasWinston".Whenthecallcame,Churchillwas65-year-old.Ithadbeenalongwait,butdestinyhadarrived.Text11 Peopletalkof1066,oftheArmada,ofTrafalgar.But1940wasthemostimportantyearinBritishhistory.ItwastheyearofDunkirk,theBattleofBritain,theBlitz.ItwastheyearwheneverysingleBriton,civilianaswellassoldier,foundthemselvesatwar.Thecauseappearedhopeless,yetWinston,revivingtheVsignforvictoryfromthefieldsofAgincourt500yearsbefore,tolduswecouldwin.Text12Churchillwasaninstinctive,daring,ofteninfuriatingwarleader.Hewasrudeandunpleasanttohisstaff,whostruggledtokeepupwithhislimitlesscapacityforhardworkandhardliquor.Buthewasalsoaninspiration.Whenvictorywasfinally

declaredinEuropeon8May1945,itwasquicklyfollowedbyageneralelection.Text

Thebillboardssaid"CheerChurchill,VoteLabour",andthat'swhatpeopledid.

Thatwastheirony.TheverydemocracythatChurchillwaspreparedtolaydownhislifetodefendwasthesamedemocracythatknewthedifferencebetweentheneedsofpeaceandtheneedsofwar.Text13 WhenChurchilldiedin1965,thenewrock-and-rollBritainstoodstill.IfBritain–itseccentricity,itsstrengthofcharacter,itsbig-heartedness–hadtobesummedupinoneperson,itwashim.Hehadgone,but,thankstohim,Britainlivedon.Andwhatcouldbegreaterthanthat?Text溫斯頓·丘吉爾

1

1940年夏天，英國(guó)面臨外敵入侵，孤立無援。在這一危急時(shí)刻，有一個(gè)人——溫斯頓·丘吉爾——挺身而出，顯示了英國(guó)人的英雄本色。我們英國(guó)人喜歡把自己看成是一個(gè)寬容而堅(jiān)忍的民族。但是丘吉爾以他卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能和光輝的榜樣讓我們看到，當(dāng)我們所珍視的一切——我們的民主、我們的自由——受到威脅的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)展示出無與倫比的勇氣和決心。Text

2

“我所能奉獻(xiàn)的唯有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水。你問我們的政策是什么？我會(huì)說我們的政策就是在海、陸、空全面開戰(zhàn)，竭盡全力，盡上帝賦予我們的全部力量去戰(zhàn)斗；與黑暗的、可悲的人類罪惡史上最窮兇極惡的暴政作戰(zhàn)。你問我們的目標(biāo)是什么？我可以用一個(gè)詞來回答，那就是勝利。不惜一切代價(jià)，去奪取勝利。戰(zhàn)勝一切恐怖，去奪取勝利。不論前方的道路多么漫長(zhǎng)、多么艱辛，一定要奪取勝利。”Text

3

在這樣一個(gè)時(shí)刻，英國(guó)必須顯示出她最偉大的一面。而在丘吉爾身上，我們看到了一個(gè)最偉大的英國(guó)人。

4

1874年，溫斯頓·丘吉爾出生于英國(guó)一個(gè)極為顯赫的家庭。丘吉爾家族世代為國(guó)王和國(guó)家出生入死，征戰(zhàn)沙場(chǎng)。溫斯頓年輕的時(shí)候一直相信他會(huì)繼承父業(yè)。但是他一直能夠保持自信卻與他的家庭無關(guān)，他的家人并沒有給他多少支持。Text

他的父親倫道夫·丘吉爾勛爵（1849–1895）和母親珍妮（1854–1921）都是冷漠、拒人于千里之外的人。他們把溫斯頓送到了哈羅公學(xué)。他既不英俊又不聰明；他體弱多病，說話口齒不清，還結(jié)巴。他是那種在學(xué)校里注定要被人欺負(fù)的學(xué)生——實(shí)際情況也是如此。溫斯頓的父親不僅沒有給他支持和幫助，還預(yù)測(cè)他的兒子將來會(huì)“淪落到窮困潦倒、一事無成、抑郁而終的地步”。Text

5

離開學(xué)校之后，經(jīng)過三次努力，溫斯頓進(jìn)入了位于桑赫斯特的英國(guó)皇家陸軍軍官學(xué)校。從桑赫斯特畢業(yè)之后，他就找地方去打仗——不管是什么地方。他自費(fèi)兼任戰(zhàn)地記者，并因報(bào)道出色而成為布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的英雄。因此當(dāng)1900年回到

英國(guó)的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)名滿天下，為當(dāng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員鋪平了道路。Text

6

同年，他代表奧德姆市當(dāng)選為保守黨國(guó)會(huì)議員。此后，他一度轉(zhuǎn)投自由黨，后來又重回保守黨。他從來不是一個(gè)熱衷于黨派斗爭(zhēng)的人。他只關(guān)心英國(guó)的前途和命運(yùn)。他理想中的英國(guó)是普通百姓安居樂業(yè)的地方，但同時(shí)他又非?？粗胤珊蜕鐣?huì)秩序。盡管丘吉爾不是一個(gè)邪惡的人，但他對(duì)婦女參政論者、工會(huì)主義者以及任何想要挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)行體制的人都?xì)埧釤o情，他首先想到的手段就是動(dòng)用軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)壓。Text7

但是他一直想當(dāng)一名將軍。這個(gè)理想可以追溯到他的學(xué)生時(shí)代。學(xué)校放假的時(shí)候，他就在布倫海姆宮的走廊里、在他那些戰(zhàn)功卓著的祖先的織錦畫像下玩玩具士兵，那時(shí)候他就萌生了這種理想。1911年，被任命為海軍大臣的時(shí)候，他一定非常高興；1915年，當(dāng)?shù)谝淮问澜绱髴?zhàn)讓他有機(jī)會(huì)制定加利波利重大攻勢(shì)計(jì)劃的時(shí)候，他更是欣喜萬分。Text

8

但是加利波利戰(zhàn)役以慘敗收?qǐng)?，讓溫斯頓丟掉了飯碗，也使他幾乎精神崩潰。丘吉爾第一次犯嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥就是從那個(gè)時(shí)候開始的，他把這個(gè)讓他痛苦不堪的疾病稱為“黑狗”（沮喪）。值得慶幸的是，此時(shí)他已經(jīng)娶妻成家。他的妻子克萊門泰因幫他度過了難關(guān)。她比他小11歲，美麗、聰明、忠貞不渝。Text她讓他振作起來，但最終丘吉爾以自己特有的方式走出了抑郁。為彌補(bǔ)他的過失，他奔赴法國(guó)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，在戰(zhàn)壕中浴血奮戰(zhàn)。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中，大概沒有幾個(gè)士兵會(huì)像他那樣從戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上寫信回家，說他“感覺到了幾個(gè)月來從沒有過的幸福和滿足”。他就是為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而生的。Text

9

當(dāng)丘吉爾回到英國(guó)的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)成就了豐功偉業(yè)。他曾是一名成功的記者，他曾為國(guó)家浴血奮戰(zhàn)，他曾經(jīng)身居高位。在20世紀(jì)20年代他再次官居要職，擔(dān)任財(cái)務(wù)大臣。但是到了1930年，工黨開始執(zhí)政，而他只是一名后座議員，一個(gè)無足輕重的小人物，一名過氣的政客。30年代的大部分時(shí)間，他都在他的鄉(xiāng)間別墅查特威爾莊園里閑坐度日。Text10

1938年9月，時(shí)任首相的內(nèi)維爾·張伯倫（1869–1940）公開揮舞著他和阿道夫·希特勒（1889–1945）簽訂的和平協(xié)議，宣告他已經(jīng)確保了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的和平。你甚至都可以聽到人們?nèi)玑屩刎?fù)地松了一口氣。但是丘吉爾并不這么認(rèn)為。他預(yù)測(cè)到——比任何人都要早——德國(guó)的民族主義會(huì)走向何方。Text事態(tài)的發(fā)展證明他是對(duì)的，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，英國(guó)國(guó)王喬治六世（1895–1952）知道“要組建一個(gè)能贏得全國(guó)信任的政府，我只能去請(qǐng)一個(gè)人，那就是溫斯頓?！比蚊聛淼臅r(shí)候，丘吉爾已經(jīng)65歲了。為這一天他等了很久，但上天最終還是把大任交給了他。Text11

人們經(jīng)常會(huì)說起1066年的諾曼征服，說起擊敗西班牙無敵艦隊(duì)的壯舉，提到特拉法爾加戰(zhàn)役這些重要的歷史事件。但其實(shí)1940年才是英國(guó)歷史上最重要的一年。敦刻爾克大撤退、不列顛之戰(zhàn)、德國(guó)空襲英國(guó)都發(fā)生在這一年。在這一年，每一個(gè)英國(guó)人，不管是平民還是士兵，都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之中。英國(guó)似乎不可能贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但是溫斯頓用500年前阿金庫爾戰(zhàn)役中那個(gè)表示勝利的V字手勢(shì)告訴我們，我們能夠取得勝利。Text

12

丘吉爾是一個(gè)直覺敏銳、大膽、常常令人惱火的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)袖。他對(duì)部下粗魯，令人不快。他工作起來不要命，喝起酒來也不要命，這讓他的部下疲于應(yīng)付。但同時(shí)他也鼓舞了無數(shù)人。1945年5月8日，歐洲最終宣布戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利，英國(guó)隨即舉行了大選。Text英國(guó)許多告示牌上都寫著“為丘吉爾喝彩，給工黨投票”，而人們也確實(shí)是這么做的。這真是充滿了諷刺意味。丘吉爾隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備誓死保衛(wèi)的民主國(guó)家知道和平時(shí)代的需求和戰(zhàn)時(shí)的需求是不一樣的。Text

13

1965年，丘吉爾去世，剛剛進(jìn)入搖滾樂時(shí)代的英國(guó)舉國(guó)皆哀。如果要用一個(gè)人來代表英國(guó)的怪僻、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的個(gè)性和寬廣的胸懷，那就是丘吉爾。丘吉爾已經(jīng)離我們而去，但正是因?yàn)橛辛怂?，英?guó)才得以存活下來。還有什么比這更偉大的業(yè)績(jī)呢？TextWords&PhrasestolerantdemocracymightmonstroustyrannysurpasslamentablesuffragetteswaprenowneddispatchshabbydegeneratebullyloyalunswervinglyboutonsetsanityoffensiveAdmiraltysicklylispstammertapestrycorridorunionistchancellortrenchamendsWords&Phrasesbackbenchhas-beenretreatbrandishnationalismdestinyinfuriatingbig-heartednesseccentricitylimitlessliquorbillboardWords&Phraseson

the

brinkof(doing)

sth.pack

offdouble(up)

aslaw

and

orderdate

back

toget

sb.outoftakeoffsitoutsumupWords&PhrasesWinstonChurchill

溫斯頓·丘吉爾RandolphChurchill

倫道夫·丘吉爾Harrow

哈羅公學(xué)Sandhurst桑赫斯特（英國(guó)陸軍軍官學(xué)校所在地）theBoerWar

布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)MP(MemberofParliament)

議員；下院議員Tory（英國(guó)的）保守黨黨員；保守黨支持者Oldham

奧德姆市（英國(guó)西北部城市）Blenheim

Palace

布倫海姆宮Gallipoli

加利波利（位于土耳其北部）Words&PhrasesClementine

克萊門泰因·丘吉爾Chancellor

of

the

Exchequer

（英國(guó)）財(cái)政大臣Chartwell

查特威爾（丘吉爾靜養(yǎng)居所）Neville

Chamberlain

內(nèi)維爾·張伯倫Adolf

Hitler

阿道夫·希特勒King

George

VI

喬治六世Armada

（16世紀(jì)西班牙的）無敵艦隊(duì)Trafalgar

特拉法爾加（西班牙西南部港口城市）Dunkirk

敦刻爾克the

Battle

of

Britain

不列顛之戰(zhàn)Words&Phrasesthe

Blitz

德國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)的空襲Agincourt

阿金庫爾戰(zhàn)役

tolerant

a.willingtoacceptsomeoneelse’sbeliefs,wayoflifeetc.withoutcriticizingthem,evenifyoudisagreewiththem容忍的；寬容的e.g.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant—not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,and

againespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.

(CET4-2003-06)

與此密切相關(guān)的是容忍的能力——當(dāng)然，不是容忍錯(cuò)誤，而是容忍人性中的弱點(diǎn)和不成熟，正是這些弱點(diǎn)和不成熟使得人們，尤其是孩子們，會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。Wordfamily:

tolerance

n.tolerantly

ad.

Words&Phrasesdemocracy

n.[U]

asystemofgovernmentinwhichpeoplevoteinelectionstochoosethepeoplewhowillgovernthem民主；民主政體e.g.1.AncientAthensissaidtobethecradleofdemocracy.據(jù)說古代雅典是民主的搖籃。2.Theprincipal'sdemocracymadehimpopularamongteachersandstudents.

校長(zhǎng)的民主作風(fēng)使他受到師生的歡迎。

Antonym:

autocracyWords&Phrasesmight

n.[U]

greatpowerorstrength,especiallyacountry’smilitaryoreconomicpower力量；威力e.g.1.Theirforeignpolicyisbasedontheprinciplethat“mightisright”.他們的外交政策建立在“強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理”的原則之上。2.Tobefrank,thismissionisbeyondmymight.

坦白說，這一使命非我能力所及。3.Hefoughtbackwithallhismight.

他傾全力反擊。Wordfamily:mighty

a.

Words&Phrasesmonstrous

a.cruel,unfair,ormorallywrong殘忍的；不公正的e.g.1.

AnysuggestionthatIacceptedbribeswouldbeamonstrousslur.

誰說我受賄就是對(duì)我惡意中傷。2.It'sperfectlymonstrousthatmenshouldbepaidmorethanwomenforthesamejob.

做相同的工作，而男人所得報(bào)酬比女人多，這完全是不公正的。Wordfamily:monstern.

Words&Phrasestyranny

n.[C,U]

1)

agovernmentthattreatspeopleinacruelandunfairway,usingforcetocontrolthem施行暴政的政府；專制政府e.g.Thepeoplewillriseuptofreethemselvesfromtyranny.2)cruelandunfairtreatmentbysomeoneinapositionofpower暴虐；暴行；專橫e.g.Loveisasweettyranny,becausetheloverenduresitstormentwillingly.

愛情專橫而又甜蜜，因?yàn)閼賽壅咝母是樵溉淌芷湔勰ァ?/p>

Words&Phrases人們將揭竿而起，擺脫暴政。surpass

vt.bebetterorgreaterthansth.else優(yōu)于，超過（某事物）e.g.1.

Wewillsurpassourpredecessors,andfuturegenerationswillcertainlysurpassus.

我們會(huì)超過前人，后人也必然會(huì)超過我們。2.Thetasksurpassedhisskill.

以他的技術(shù)，這項(xiàng)工作他難以勝任。3.Doyoualonesurpasstheseindoctrine,inyourmanneroflife,andineveryotherrespect?

難道你真的在做人原則、生活習(xí)慣和其他方面都比這些人卓越嗎？

Words&Phraseslamentable

a.(fml)

sobadthatyoufeeldisappointedorangry令人痛惜的；糟糕的e.g.1.

Thedecisiontheymadeisalamentablelackofforesight.

他們做的決定實(shí)在缺乏遠(yuǎn)見。2.Hisdeathisalamentablelossofourwork.

他的死對(duì)我們的工作來說是令人悲痛的損失。3.Nothingismorelamentablethanadeadheart.

哀莫大于心死。Wordfamily:

lamentation

n. lamentably

ad.

lament

v.&n.

Words&Phrasessickly

a.someonewhoissicklyisgenerallynothealthyandisoftenill多病的，不健康的e.g.1.

Thetroubleisthattheboyissickly.

麻煩的是，這個(gè)孩子體弱多病。

2.Hercheekshaveasicklypallor.

她面色蒼白帶有病容。Wordfamily:

sickliness

n.

Words&Phraseslisp

n.[sing]

aspeechdefectormannerismcharacterizedbymispronunciationofthesounds(s)and(z)as(th)and(th)咬舌，口齒不清e(cuò).g.1.

Wehadtroublenotlaughingathislisp.

我們很難不去笑他的口齒不清。

2.WeshouldnotblamethosewhocannotspeakEnglishwellbecauseofaphysicaldefectsuchasanaturallisp,stutterordyslexia. 因身體缺陷如天生口齒不清、結(jié)巴、誦讀困難等而不能講好英語者，我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)怪。Words&Phrasesstammer

n.[sing]

aspeechproblemthatmakesyourepeatasoundseveraltimeswhenyoutrytosaycertainwords口吃；結(jié)巴e.g.1.

Thechildrenteasedtheboybecauseofhisstammer.

孩子們?nèi)⌒@個(gè)男孩子，因?yàn)樗诔浴?.Asayouth,Willishadastammerthatonlydisappearedwhenhewasperforming.

青年時(shí)威利斯有口吃的毛病，但在他出時(shí)口吃竟然會(huì)消失。

Words&Phrasesbully

vt.frightenorhurtsomeonewhoissmallerorweakerthanyou威嚇；欺侮e.g.1.

Hewasbulliedbytheolderboysatschool.他在學(xué)校里受到大孩子的欺負(fù)。2.You'vegotnorightatalltobullytheweak.你根本沒有權(quán)利欺侮弱者。Words&Phrasesdegenerate

vi.becomeworse

惡化e.g.1.

Libertyisapttodegenerateintolawlessness.

自由容易淪為無法無天。2.Wemustnotallowourcreativeprotesttodegenerateintophysicalviolence.

我們不能容許我們富有創(chuàng)造性的抗議淪為暴力行動(dòng)。Words&Phrasesshabby

a.oldandinbadcondition破舊的；寒酸的e.g.1.

Grantwasofhumbleorigin,shabbyindress,roughinspeechandmanners.格蘭特出身低微，衣著寒酸，說話粗魯，態(tài)度生硬。2.Whatifmyclothesareshabbyandworn;theycoverawarmheart.我的衣服破破爛爛又怎么樣，它們遮掩著的是一顆熱情的心。Words&Phrasesdispatchn.&vt.

1)n.[C]

areportthatamilitaryofficersendsfromabattlefield(=aplacewhereabattleisbeingfought)oragovernmentofficialsendsfromaforeigncountry戰(zhàn)報(bào)e.g.1.

Ourunitreceivedadispatchfromheadquartersorderingustotightensecurity.

我們小分隊(duì)收到了司令部的戰(zhàn)報(bào)，命令我們加強(qiáng)安全措施。2.Inhisbattledispatchhedescribedthegunner'sbravery.2)vt.(fml)

send

someone

or

something

somewhere

派遣；發(fā)送；派送e.g.PleasedispatchtheTVsetsweorderedbysea.

請(qǐng)海運(yùn)我們訂購(gòu)的電視機(jī)。Words&Phrases他的戰(zhàn)斗報(bào)告記述了炮手的勇敢。renowneda.(~as/for)

famousandadmiredforaspecialskillorachievement有名望的；著名的e.g.

1.Perrywasrenownedasanaggressivecompetitor.

佩利是出了名的強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。2.

Suzhouisrenownedtotheworldforitsartsandcrafts.

蘇州以其工藝品聞名全球。Words&Phrasesswapv.givesth.tosomeoneinexchangeforsth.else交換e.g.

1.Ifyoulikethisonebetter,I’llswapwithyou.

如果你更喜歡這個(gè)，我和你交換。2.Membersareencouragedtoswapbookswitheachother.鼓勵(lì)成員們互相交換書籍。3.Ilikedhercoatandshelikedmine,soweswapped.

我喜歡她的外套，她喜歡我的外套，于是我們就交換了。Words&Phrasessuffragetten.[C]

intheUKandUS,awomanwhotookpartinpublicprotestsaboutgivingwomentherighttovoteintheearly1900s（20世紀(jì)初英美兩國(guó)）為女性爭(zhēng)取選舉權(quán)的女子e.g.

1.InJuly1909,imprisonedEnglishsuffragetteMarionDunloprefusedtoeat.1909年7月，被逮捕的英國(guó)女權(quán)主義者馬里恩·鄧洛普開始絕食。2.Afterwomenobtainedtherighttovote,thesuffragettemovementbecameadeadduckinBritain.

婦女獲得選舉權(quán)后，鼓吹婦女參政的運(yùn)動(dòng)在英國(guó)不再引起人們的興趣了。Words&Phrasesunionistn.[C]

amemberofatradeunion;

anadvocateorsupporteroftradeunions

工會(huì)成員；工會(huì)主義者；工聯(lián)主義者e.g.

1.Theemployersandthetwotradeunionistshadawarmdebateforthreehours,thentheformerhadtolowertheircolours.資方和兩個(gè)工會(huì)代表激烈地爭(zhēng)辯了3個(gè)小時(shí)，后來資方不得不讓步。2.Attemptstosuppresstradeunionistsbysavageeconomicmeasuresareoftencounter-productive.

企圖通過野蠻經(jīng)濟(jì)手段鎮(zhèn)壓工會(huì)主義者往往事與愿違。Words&Phrasescorridorn.[C]

alongpassageinsideabuildingwithdoorsoneachside走廊；通道e.g.

1.theHexiCorridor

河西走廊2.Herownfootstepsandthebellboy'sweremuffledinthecarpetedcorridor.她自己和侍者的腳步聲全讓鋪著地毯的走廊給淹沒了。3.Sheledusthroughamazeofhotelcorridorstoourroom.她帶我們通過酒店里迷宮般的走廊到了我們的房間。Words&Phrasestapestryn.[C,U]

athickheavycloththathaspicturesorpatternswovenintoit.Tapestriesareoftenhungonwalls.（織有圖案的）繡幃，掛毯，織錦e.g.

1.Iboughtaredthreadedwithgold.

我買了一塊金絲交織的紅花毯。2.Thewallofthebanquethallishangwithtapestry.

宴會(huì)廳的墻上掛著繡帷。Words&PhrasesAdmiraltyn.(the~)

thedepartmentoftheBritishgovernmentthatusedtoberesponsibleforthenavy（舊時(shí)的）英國(guó)海軍部e.g.

1.TheAdmiraltysummonedallforces.海軍部召集所有的艦只。2.ThebrashyoungFirstLordoftheAdmiralty,WinstonChurchillshowedparticularinterestinnavalaviation.年青而性情急躁的海軍大臣溫斯頓·丘吉爾對(duì)海軍航空特別關(guān)心。3.HisconductonthisissuewashighlyapprovedbytheAdmiralty.

他在這一戰(zhàn)斗中的表現(xiàn)頗受海軍部的嘉許。Words&Phrasesoffensiven.&a.

1)

n.[C]

amajormilitaryattack（軍事）進(jìn)攻，攻勢(shì)e.g.

1.Theydecidedtotaketheoffensiveintheend.

他們最終決定采取攻勢(shì)。2.Therewasnolongeranydoubtthattheenemyoffensivewasunderway.敵人的攻勢(shì)已經(jīng)開始，這點(diǎn)不再有什么懷疑了。

Words&Phrases2)a.unpleasantorinsulting,andlikelytomakepeopleupsetorembarrassed無禮的，冒犯的，令人惱火的e.g.1.

Theadvertisementswerehighlyoffensivetowomen.

這些廣告令女士們大為反感。2.Hishastytempermadehimoffensive.

他急躁的脾氣使他令人討厭。

Words&Phrases3)a.

(onlybeforenoun)usedforattacking攻擊的，進(jìn)攻性的e.g.

1.Janewasconvictedofpossessinganoffensiveweapon.

簡(jiǎn)因?yàn)閾碛泄粜晕淦鞫欢ㄗ铩?.Thetroopstookupoffensivepositions.

部隊(duì)準(zhǔn)備發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊。Wordfamily:

offend

v.Antonym:defensiveWords&Phrasessanityn.[U]

theabilitytothinkandspeakinareasonablewayandtobehavenormally心智健全；精神正常e.g.

1.Thereisanarrowlinebetweensanityandinsanity.

精神正常與精神失常之間只有一條窄窄的分界線。2.Shemanagedtokeephersanitythroughouttheordeal.

在那場(chǎng)磨難中她始終保持神志正常。Antonym:insanityWords&Phrasesonsetn.[sing]

thebeginningofsth.,especiallysth.bad開始；發(fā)作e.g.

1.Hewenttoseeadoctorattheonsetofafever.他開始發(fā)燒時(shí)便去看醫(yī)生了。2.Hisfirsthitrecordmarkedtheonsetofanastonishingcareer.他的第一張風(fēng)行一時(shí)的唱片標(biāo)志著驚人事業(yè)的開始。3.Withtheonsetofaglobalknowledgeeconomy,HongKongisgoingthroughaprocessofeconomicrestructuring.

隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)趨向以知識(shí)為本，香港現(xiàn)正經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。Words&Phrasesbout

n.[C]

ashortperiodwhenyouareilloryoufeelunhappy（生病或感到不愉快的）一段，一陣，一次e.g.

1.aboutofsickness

一陣惡心2.I'mslowlyrecoveringmystrengthafteraboutofflu.我得過流感后體力正在慢慢恢復(fù)。Words&Phrasesunswervingly

ad.inaconstantandsteadfastmanner

堅(jiān)持不懈地；堅(jiān)定不移地e.g.

1.Wewillunswervinglypursueanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.

我們將始終不渝地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。2.Wewillcontinuetoadhereunswervinglytothepolicyofreformandopening,whichistheonlywaytoinvigoratethecountry.

我們要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開放。這是唯一的強(qiáng)國(guó)

之路。Wordfamily:unswerving

a.Words&Phrasesloyal

a.willingtosupport,workfor,orbeafriendtosomeone,evenindifficulttimes

忠誠(chéng)的；忠心的e.g.

1.HewasalwaysloyaltotheParty.

他始終忠于黨。2.Aloyalmanstandsbyhisfriendsinwealorwoe.一個(gè)忠誠(chéng)的人無論禍福都會(huì)支持他的朋友。Wordfamily:loyalty

n.

loyallyad.Words&Phrasesamends

n.(make

~)

recompenseorcompensationgivenorgainedforsomeinjury,insult,etc.

賠償；補(bǔ)救e.g.

1.Herepentedofhiswrongdoingandtriedtomakeamends.

他后悔自己的錯(cuò)誤行為，想盡力補(bǔ)救。2.Iwanttomakeamendstomyfriendforbreakingherpreciousvase.

我打破了朋友的貴重花瓶，想賠償她的損失。

Words&Phrasestrench

n.[C]

1)(the~es)thehardanddangeroussituationoftheEuropeansoldiersduringtheFirstWorldWar（第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間歐洲士兵的）艱苦而危險(xiǎn)的生活環(huán)境e.g.

HesurvivedthetrenchesoftheFirstWorldWar.

他從一戰(zhàn)艱苦而危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中生存了下來。2)alongnarrowopenholedugintheground溝；壕e.g.Thefarmersgougedoutatrenchacrossthefield.

農(nóng)民們挖了一條穿過田野的溝。Words&Phraseschancellorn.[C]

1)theleaderofthegovernmentinsomecountries,forexampleGermanyandAustria

大臣；總理e.g.

InBritaintheChancelloroftheExchequerdealswithtaxesandgovernmentspending.

英國(guó)的財(cái)政大臣負(fù)責(zé)稅務(wù)和政府的開支。

2)theofficialrepresentativeofaBritishuniversityatpublicceremonies校長(zhǎng)e.g.

Here’sthewelcomemessagefromtheChancelloroftheuniversity.

這是大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)的歡迎辭。Seealso:ChancelloroftheExchequer.Words&Phrasesbackbenchn.[C]

(BrE)oneoftheseatsintheBritishParliamentwhereordinaryMembersofParliamentsit

（英國(guó)下院的）后座議員席，普通議員席Ministersandtheleadingmembersofoppositionpartiessitonthefrontbenches.e.g.

Myownviewisthat“backbench”councillorsarewellpaid,butBoardMembersearneverypenny.

我的觀點(diǎn)是“普通”議員收入很高，而委員會(huì)成員卻得辛苦掙每一分錢。Words&Phraseshas-been

n.[C]

aninsultingwordforsomeonewhowasimportantorfamousinthepastbutisnotnow（侮辱性用語）過氣的名人，曾經(jīng)紅極一時(shí)的人物e.g.

1.Heisanaginghas-been.Noonewillhirehimanymore.

他是一位年老的過氣名人，沒人會(huì)再雇傭他。2.Itisbettertobeahas-beenthananever-was.

寧可曇花一現(xiàn)，不能默默無聞。Words&Phrasesretreat

n.&vi.1)

n.[C]

apeacefulandprivateplacewhereyoucangoinordertorest

退隱處；靜居處；修養(yǎng)處e.g.Wehavefoundourselvesabeautifulexurbanretreat.

我們已在市郊之外找到了一個(gè)美麗的靜居處。2)vi.avoidadangerous,unpleasant,orembarrassingsituation,especiallybymovingawayfromit退縮，退卻e.g.Hetriedtoretreatfromreality.

他試圖逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)。Words&Phrasesbrandishvt.waveaweaponorotherobjectaroundinyourhandsothatotherpeoplecanseeit

揮舞（武器等）e.g.

1.Theoldmanbrandisheshiswalkingstickatthemenacedog. 老人對(duì)著那條要咬他的狗揮舞手杖把它嚇走。

2.Thedemonstratorsbrandishedbannersandshoutedslogans.

示威者揮舞著旗幟，呼喊著口號(hào)。Words&Phrasesnationalism

n.[U]

thewishforpoliticalindependenceofagroupofpeoplewiththesamelanguage,culture,historyetc.;thebeliefthatyournationisbetterthanothernations民族主義e.g.

1.Theyhatedthenarrownationalismofthesepeople. 他們不喜歡這些人狹隘的民族主義觀。2.Thespiritofnationalismisstillfarstrongerthanthespiritofworldcommunity.民族主義精神仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝于世界大同的精神。Wordfamily:nationn.nationala.

nationalistn.Words&Phrasesdestiny

n.[C]

(ususing)

thethingsthatyouwilldo,orthetypeofpersonthatyouwillbecome,inthefuture

命運(yùn)e.g.

1.AStoicachieveshappinessbysubmissiontodestiny. 斯多葛學(xué)派哲學(xué)家通過對(duì)命運(yùn)的服從獲得幸福快樂。2.Ourdestinyinthemidstofchangewillrestontheunchangedcharacterofourpeople,andontheirfaith.

在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，我們的命運(yùn)只得依賴國(guó)人始終如一的性格及信念。Words&Phrasesinfuriating

a.extremelyannoying

使人大怒的；使人極為憤怒的e.g.

1.Don’tyouthinkthattheunsolicitedcallsatnightareinfuriating?你不覺得深夜時(shí)分不速之客打來的電話極其招人嫌嗎？2.Oneofthemostinfuriatingaspectsofspamisthatitchangescontinuallytoadapttonewattemptstostopit.垃圾郵件最令人生氣的地方在于它會(huì)不斷變化，以適應(yīng)各種新的攔阻方法。Words&Phraseslimitless

a.verygreat,orwithoutanylimits

無限的；無限度的；無界限的e.g.

1.Youthmeanslimitlesspossibilities. 年輕意味著無限希望。2.Thepossibilitiesarealmostlimitless.

發(fā)展的潛力幾乎是無限的。Wordfamily:limit

n.&v.Words&Phrasesliquor

n.[U]

(mainlyAmE)

alcoholicdrinks

烈性酒e.g.

1.Shedrinkswineandbeerbutnoliquor. 她喝葡萄酒和啤酒，但不喝烈性酒。2.Manyairportssellduty-freeliquor.很多機(jī)場(chǎng)出售免稅酒。3.Itisanoffencetosellintoxicatingliquortoanyoneundertheageof18.

賣烈性酒給未滿18歲的少年是犯法的。Words&Phrasesbillboard

n.[C]

(mainlyAmE)

alargeboardforadvertisementsinanoutsidepublicplace

廣告牌e.g.

1.Theviewishiddenbythebillboard. 廣告板把視線擋住了。2.Heploughedhisenergiesintohisfather’sbillboardbusiness.

他把精力投入到父親的廣告牌業(yè)務(wù)中。Words&Phraseseccentricity

n.[U]

strangeorunusualbehaviour

古怪行為e.g.

1.Hereareafewstorieswhichindicatetheoriginality,nottosayeccentricity,ofhischaracter.

這里有幾個(gè)故事，表明了他奇特而并非怪僻的性格。

2.Hiseccentricitywasastubbornr