2018年高考英語江蘇專用文檔：專題二 完形填空 第三步 體裁突破（五）議論文 含答案

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精體裁突破(五)議論文A（2017·前黃高級中學(xué)一模）Researchconfirmsthatperformingactsofkindnessandsharingthankfulthoughtshavemanypositiveeffectsonmoodandhealth.Theyareamongthetopfivepredictorsofhappiness。Whenyoufeelthankfulforsomething，that'sgratitude.Younevergetitoutof1；youareclearwhoorwhatisresponsible，whetherthat'salovedone,astranger，orahigherpower.Gratitudeishowyou2tootherswhenyouseeyourselfinconnectionwiththingslargerthanyourself.3,thisunderstandingofourrelianceonothersisbecomingmore4today.Withcommercialandsocialmedia，everythingmakestheyoungergenerationfeelthattheyarethe5oftheuniverse。Ifit’sallaboutthem，whythankothers？Iftrue，therewouldbeadisturbing6trend.Canadianresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowrotethank-youlettersorperformedgooddeedsforasix—weekperioddecreasedtheirpain，uppedtheirenergy,andimprovedtheirmentalhealth。Andyoucan7thesebenefitsatanyage.Oldpeoplewhochoosetobethankfularelesslikelytoworryabouttheir8health。Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread,aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelytopaykindness9。Onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked，itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing10again，likelybecauseheorsheenjoysfeelingsocially11。Ifyouaren’tparticularlygratefulnow，youcanlearntobe.Peoplewhokeepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday12health—inducingthankfulness.Atfirst，itmaybedifficultto13thegoodthingsthatoccur.But14，yourbraingetstrainedintoamoreappreciativemode。Andintheend，thejournalbecomesabookofjoyful15。Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe16timesbecauseagreater17forlifeisthepartyoufocuson.18yourgratefulnessdirectlywiththepersonyoufeelgratefulto,thebenefitsofhappiness19.Youdon'tneedascientificstudytoknowthatshowingandacceptinggratitudecanensureyouan20life，amuchbetterlifethanyouthought。語篇解讀研究表明，善意的行為和分享感恩的想法對情緒和健康有許多積極的影響。它們排在預(yù)示幸福的前五名中。1．A。something B．a(chǎn)nythingC．everything D．nothing答案D解析something某事;anything任何事情；everything一切事情；nothing什么也沒有。句意為：當(dāng)你心存感謝時，那就是感激。你從來不會平白無故地表達它。故選D。2．A。refer B．submitC．subscribe D．relate答案D解析refer涉及,參考；submit主張，服從；subscribe捐助，訂閱;relate敘述,使有聯(lián)系.句意為：感激就是當(dāng)你看到自己與比自己偉大的事情相聯(lián)系時與別人交流的方式。故選D。3．A。Therefore B．MeanwhileC．However D．Besides答案C解析therefore因此;meanwhile與此同時；however然而;besides另外。句意為：然而，我們對依賴別人的這種理解在今天變得更加困難了.故選C。4．A.strange B．difficultC．stubborn D．ridiculous答案B解析strange奇怪的；difficult困難的;stubborn頑固的；ridiculous荒謬的。句意見上題解析。故選B。5．A。master B．centerC．survivor D．creator答案B解析master主人；center中心;survivor幸存者;creator創(chuàng)造者。句意為：所有的一切都讓年輕一代覺得自己就是宇宙的中心。根據(jù)句意可知選B。6．A。health B．mentalC．cultural D．industrial答案A解析health健康；mental精神上的；cultural文化的；industrial工業(yè)的。句意為：如果是真的，就會有一個令人不安的健康趨勢.故選A.7．A。continue B．a(chǎn)pproachC．sustain D．reap答案D解析continue繼續(xù);approach靠近；sustain維持;reap收獲.句意為:在任何年齡你都能收獲這些好處。故選D。8．A。original B．improvingC．failing D．falling答案C解析original最初的；improving有啟發(fā)的；failing失敗的；falling下降的。句意為:選擇感恩的老人擔(dān)心自己不健康的可能性就低。故選C。9．A。forward B．downwardC．backward D．upward答案A解析forward向前地，向?qū)?，往后；downward向下；backward向后地；upward向上.句意為：那些得到幫助的人往后更有可能會付出善意。故選A.10．A.thankful B．respectfulC．helpful D．careful答案C解析thankful感謝的；respectful恭敬的；helpful有幫助的；careful仔細(xì)的。句意為:一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人受到感謝的時候，這將會使他/她再次樂于助人的機會增加一倍以上.故選C。11．A。valued B．influencedC．a(chǎn)ttracted D．noticed答案A解析value估價,重視；influence影響;attract吸引；notice注意。句意為:很可能是因為他/她享受自己的社會價值感.故選A。12．A。cultivate B．emphasizeC．benefit D．transmit答案A解析cultivate逐漸形成;emphasize強調(diào)；benefit受益；transmit傳輸。句意為：人們每天寫一篇關(guān)于三件積極的事情的日志，逐漸形成有利于健康的感恩。故選A。13．A。analyze B．recognizeC．summarize D．organize答案B解析analyze分析；recognize認(rèn)出，識別；summarize總結(jié)；organize組織.句意為:起初，識別發(fā)生的美好的事情是很難的。故選B.14．A.roughly B．decidedlyC．gradually D．a(chǎn)ccidentally答案C解析roughly粗糙地；decidedly果斷地;gradually逐漸地；accidentally意外地.句意為:但是，漸漸地，你的大腦被訓(xùn)練成更具欣賞力的模式。故選C。15．A.essays B．thoughtsC．files D．memories答案D解析essay隨筆，散文;thought思想，想法；file文件；memory記憶。句意為：最后,日志變成了一本有快樂回憶的書。故選D。16．A.dark B．goldenC．special D．urgent答案A解析dark黑暗的；golden金色的；special特殊的;urgent緊急的.句意為：在黑暗時期,感恩的培訓(xùn)肯定會對你有所幫助。故選A。17．A.admiration B．a(chǎn)llocationC．a(chǎn)ppreciation D．a(chǎn)ffection答案C解析admiration欽佩；allocation分配;appreciation欣賞，感激;affection影響,喜愛。句意為:因為更懂得欣賞生活就是你所關(guān)注的那部分.故選C。18．A。Supplying B．ExperiencingC．Sharing D．Recalling答案C解析supply供應(yīng)；experience體驗；share分享;recall回想起。句意為：直接與你感激的人分享你的感激之情，幸福的好處就會累積。故選C。19．A。disappear B．a(chǎn)ccumulateC．emerge D．weaken答案B解析disappear消失；accumulate積累；emerge浮現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn);weaken變?nèi)?。參考上題解析.故選B。20．A。enriched B．engagedC．enlarged D．enabled答案A解析enriched豐富的；engaged忙碌的；enlarged擴大的；enabled已啟用的。句意為：表示并接受感激能使你擁有一個豐富的人生。故選A.B（2017·南京三模)Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity，evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect。Accordingtoastudy，regainingour21drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes。Multitasking（多重任務(wù)),asmanystudieshaveshown,isamyth(謬論）．Amoreaccurate22ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe’rerapidly23betweenactivities，suckingourmentalenergy。Andthe24canbesurprisinglyserious。Anexperimentfoundthatweloseasmanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe25bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages.The26isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable。It’sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds27?Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.28,resistingdistractionsandstayingontaskrequires29andmentaleffort。So,whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe30tomovetemptationfurtheraway：shutdownyouremailprogramor31yourphone.It’saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou'renot32fightingoffmentaldesires。Thealternative，whichmostofusconsidercommon，is33todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations，butdoingsocomeswith34coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower。Anotherworthwhile35istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether，keepingtransition(轉(zhuǎn)換）timetoa36point.Insteadofspreadingphonecalls，meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday，try37relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions。Insomejobs，multitaskingis38。Someofustrulydoneedtostay39toourclients，colleaguesandmanagers。Soit’sworthnotingthatlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution.Remember，themoreyoudotominimizetask—switchingoverthecourseoftheday，themoreabilityyou'llhaveforactivitiesthatactually40.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifference.語篇解讀研究顯示,當(dāng)我們?nèi)褙炞⒂谀骋换顒訒r，即便是小小的分心都會對活動的效果產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。21．A。initial B．personalC．inner D．a(chǎn)mbitious答案A解析句意為:研究表明，在一次分心之后，我們想要再次獲得干勁（專注于某一活動)，大約需要20分鐘。根據(jù)句意可知,initial最初的，符合語境，即獲得原來的干勁。22．A。plan B．a(chǎn)ccountC．prediction D．insight答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)我們告訴自己正處于多重任務(wù)時,對于此時所發(fā)生的事情的一個更加確切的描述是，我們是在幾項活動間不停地轉(zhuǎn)換。account描述，敘述，符合語境。23．A.switching B．swingingC．swapping D．shuttling答案A解析參考上題解析。switch轉(zhuǎn)換。24．A.benefits B．reasonsC．consequences D．challenges答案C解析根據(jù)本句中的“surprisinglyserious”以及后一句中的“l(fā)oseasmanyas10IQpoints”可知，consequence結(jié)果，后果，符合語境，即這樣做的后果有多么嚴(yán)重。25．A.guided B．changedC．a(chǎn)dapted D．interrupted答案D解析句意為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們的工作被分心打擾（中斷)時，我們將損失多達10個點的IQ。interrupt打擾，打斷，符合語境。26．A.advantage B．emphasisC．trouble D．practice答案C解析文章上一段講到負(fù)面的影響,本段則介紹的是產(chǎn)生的原因,也就是具體的問題所在-—為什么雖然有負(fù)面影響，人們還是樂此不疲？trouble問題，麻煩，符合語境。27．A.instock B．instoreC．incheck D．inpossession答案B解析句意為：誰知道下一封郵件或短信中會有什么內(nèi)容呢？holdinstore蘊藏，符合語境。28．A.Asarule B．AsaresultC．Inshort D．Incontrast答案D解析根據(jù)上下文語境可知，前后句意相反，上一句說的是分心的情況，后一句則講的是如何抵制分心。incontrast與此相反，相比之下.故選D.29．A。patience B．disciplineC．courage D．a(chǎn)ttention答案B解析句意為:要抵制分心的誘惑，并專注于我們的工作，需要自律（discipline）和內(nèi)心的努力。故選B。30．A.expectation B．taskC．environment D．vision答案C解析根據(jù)冒號后面的內(nèi)容可知，C項符合語境，即改變工作或?qū)W習(xí)環(huán)境.31．A.replace B．silenceC．a(chǎn)nswer D．pick答案B解析silence意為“使沉默，使靜音”，符合語境,即將電話調(diào)成靜音狀態(tài)。32．A.continuously B．finallyC．passionately D．directly答案A解析句意為:當(dāng)你不再需要持續(xù)擊退內(nèi)心的欲望時，專心于工作便會變得更加容易。continuously連續(xù)不斷地,符合語境.33．A。similar B．relevantC．superior D．opposite答案A解析句意為：還有一個大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為普通的選擇,它和在面包店里節(jié)食相似。similar相似的,符合語境。34．A.affordable B．basicC．considerable D．modest答案C解析句意為:（盡管）我們需要抵制誘惑的意志力，但是這種做法（在面包店節(jié)食)會極大地消耗我們有限的意志力。considerable相當(dāng)大的，符合語境。35．A。research B．a(chǎn)spectC．reaction D．a(chǎn)pproach答案D解析根據(jù)上下文可知，這里是在教我們集中注意力的方法(approach)，所以選D。上文的strategy亦是暗示。36．A.minimum B．maximumC．turning D．fixed答案A解析句意為：另一種方法是將相似的活動歸類在一起完成，這樣可以將不同活動之間切換的時間縮短到最小。minimum最小的，符合語境。37．A。analyzing B．groupingC．a(chǎn)ssigning D．undertaking答案B解析參考上題解析。group指“分類，歸類"，符合語境，即將相關(guān)的工作分組歸類。38．A。disturbing B．a(chǎn)nnoyingC．unavoidable D．unnecessary答案C解析根據(jù)下句可知，在有些工作中，多重任務(wù)是無法避免的.unavoidable不可避免的,符合語境。39．A.sympathetic B．loyalC．a(chǎn)ccustomed D．connected答案D解析句意為:我們中的一些人確實需要和我們的客戶、同事和經(jīng)理保持聯(lián)系.connected有聯(lián)系的，符合語境.40．A.matter B．functionC．work D．interfere答案A解析matter在這里是不及物動詞，意為“重要,要緊”，符合語境，即你將有更多的能力去處理那些真正重要的事情。C(2017·鹽城中學(xué)期中）Doyouknowhowdisciplinecanhelpyouachieveyourgoals？Doyouknowthatdisciplineisimportantto41？Whatisthepowerofdiscipline？Howtobecomedisciplined?Youmightthinkthatmanypeoplearenotselfdisciplined，42I’mgoingtoprovetoyouthatpeopleingeneralaredisciplined,but43，innon-beneficialways。Therearemanypeoplewhosmokedaily44thefactthatitisharmfuland45anditcouldkillthem。Suchpeoplearedisciplinedat46cigarettesandsmoking。Therearepeoplewhoaredisciplinedatdrinkinglotsofalcoholdaily。Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol。Doyou47whereIamgoingwiththis？Oneofmyfriendswhohasa48forrunningspendshalfanhoureverysinglemorningrunning.Whetheritissnowingorraining,shehastorun。Thisisthekindof49disciplinethatyouaresupposedto50andcreateinyourlife。Doyouknowsomeonewhoboughtabook,butdidn’tfinish51itforsomereason？Doyouknowsomeonewhodecidedtoimprovehis52andstarteatingmorevegetablesandfruit，butaftertwoweeks，he53?Theseareallexamplesof54ofdiscipline。Ifyouarenotdisciplined，thenyouwillhaveahardtimetogetyour55。AsImentionedinmybookTheUltimateGuidetoAchievingYourGoalsthatyoucouldknowwhatyouwant，56andtakeaction，butifyouarenotself—disciplined，youwill57giveup.Withdiscipline，youcanstartgettingupearlyinthemorning，exercise，and58yourselfofthenon-beneficialhabitssuchassmokingandeatingnon—healthyfood.Withdiscipline，youcanchangenegativehabitstopositivehabits。Withdiscipline,youcanjointhegymandstartworkingonhavinga59body。Doyouseewhatthe60ofdisciplinecando？AlwaysrememberwhatJimRohnsaid，“Onedisciplinealwaysleadstoanotherdiscipline.”語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了自律的力量及對人們的影響，呼吁人們要增強自律意識，改掉惡習(xí)，培養(yǎng)健康向上的生活習(xí)慣。41．A。wealth B．successC．fortune D．health答案B解析wealth財富;success成功;fortune命運;health健康。根據(jù)前一句“你知道自律如何幫助你實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)嗎？”可知，此處指自律對成功也是很重要的。故選B。42．A。for B．a(chǎn)ndC．or D．but答案D解析根據(jù)空前句意“你也許認(rèn)為很多人不自律”和空后句意“我要證明給你看的是人們一般是有自律性的”可知，前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D.43．A。unfortunately B．unwillinglyC．unnecessarily D．unexpectedly答案A解析unfortunately不幸地；unwillingly不情愿地;unnecessarily沒必要地；unexpectedly意外地。根據(jù)下文列舉的吸煙、喝酒的例子可推知，此處指“不幸的是,這些都是不好的例子”.故選A。44．A。besides B．despiteC．except D．without答案B解析besides除此之外(還有）；despite盡管;except除……之外；without沒有。句意為：盡管吸煙有害健康是個事實，但是有很多人每天都吸煙。故選B。45．A.courageous B．disgustingC．dangerous D．forbidden答案C解析courageous勇敢的；disgusting令人厭惡的；dangerous危險的;forbidden被禁止的。此處順承前文，與harmful對應(yīng),表示“吸煙是有害和危險的”。故選C。46．A。selling B．buyingC．getting D．consuming答案D解析sell賣；buy買;get得到；consume消耗。句意為：這種人在消耗香煙和吸煙方面是自律的.另外根據(jù)后文的“Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol。”可知，此處應(yīng)使用consume。故選D。47．A。care B．seeC．feel D．mind答案B解析care關(guān)心；see看到,明白；feel感覺；mind介意。句意為：你明白我說這些要表達什么意思嗎？故選B。48．A.passion B．giftC．respect D．reason答案A解析passion酷愛，激情；gift天賦；respect尊重；reason原因.根據(jù)下文的“Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.”可知,作者的一個朋友愛好每天早晨進行半個小時的晨跑。故選A。49．A.formal B．positiveC．negative D．religious答案B解析formal正式的；positive積極的；negative消極的；religious宗教的。此處與前文吸煙、喝酒的不良習(xí)慣形成對比，指的是一種積極的自律性。故選B。50．A。form B．learnC．follow D．believe答案C解析form形成;learn學(xué)習(xí);follow遵循；believe相信.句意為：這是一種你應(yīng)該在你的生活中遵循和創(chuàng)