教師資格證《英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力（高級(jí)中學(xué)）》（題庫(kù)）模擬試卷一

教師資格證《英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力（高級(jí)中學(xué)）》（題庫(kù)）模擬試卷一[單選題]1.[m],[n]（江南博哥）are__________.A.

fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals參考答案：D參考解析：考查語(yǔ)音學(xué)。[m]，[n]屬于鼻音。A項(xiàng)意為“摩擦音”；B項(xiàng)意為“齒音”；C項(xiàng)意為“滑音”；D項(xiàng)意為“鼻音”。[單選題]2.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,ermsof__________.A.mannerofarticulationB.opennessofmouthC.placeofarticulationD.voicing參考答案：A參考解析：考查輔音的分類。輔音根據(jù)發(fā)音方式(mannerofarticulation)的不同可以分為爆破音、摩擦音、鼻音、滑音、邊音和塞擦音。[單選題]3.Since[p]and[b]arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe__________.A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistributionC.theallophonesD.minimalpair參考答案：A參考解析：音位對(duì)立(PhonemicContrast)與互補(bǔ)對(duì)立(ComplementaryContrast)相反，指最小對(duì)立對(duì)中的兩個(gè)音位出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)位置并能夠區(qū)別意義。[單選題]4.Hedoesn′twanttogetmarriedbecauseheisafraidofany__________.A.committeesB.promisesC.ceremoniesD.commitments參考答案：D參考解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：他不想結(jié)婚，因?yàn)樗ε伦鞒鋈魏纬兄Z。committee“委員會(huì)”；promise“許諾”；ceremony“儀式”；commitment“承諾，保證”。其中，promise“常用于非正式的、口頭的許諾”；而commitment則用于較為正式的承諾，婚禮中的承諾是比較重大、正式的，故選D。[單選題]5.Whichofthefollowingwordsunderlinedispronouncedwithafallingtone?A.Doyouhaveanyspecials?B.You'rekidding...hehaslosthisjob?C.Whenwillwehavetheexam,todayortomorrow?D.Thefiathasakitchen,alivingroom,twobedrooms,andabath.參考答案：C參考解析：考查升調(diào)和語(yǔ)調(diào)知識(shí)。陳述句和特殊疑問(wèn)句用降調(diào)；一般疑問(wèn)句用升調(diào)；選擇疑問(wèn)句or前面的詞用升調(diào)；一句話中列舉并列單詞時(shí)除最后一個(gè)用降調(diào)外，其余全用升調(diào)。故本題選C。[單選題]6.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes__________overalltheotherissues.A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability參考答案：A參考解析：考查名詞辨析。precedence“優(yōu)先，居先”；prosperity“繁榮”；presumption“假定”；probability“可能性”。takeprecedenceoversth.意為“地位高于，比……優(yōu)先處理”。句意：應(yīng)該先討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗绕渌袉?wèn)題都重要。[單選題]7.Thedoctortoldmetotakethemedicine__________.A.everyfourthhoursB.eachfourthhourC.eachfourhoursD.everyfourhours參考答案：D參考解析：考查數(shù)詞的用法?！癳very+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”表示頻率，意為“每……”。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我要每四小時(shí)服一次藥。故選D。[單選題]8.Thefirefightertookadeep__________beforerunningintothefire,butwiththehousefilledwithsmoke,hesoonfoundithardto__________.A.breathing;breathB.breathe;breathC.breathing;breatheD.breath;breathe參考答案：D參考解析：考查形近詞辨析。breath為名詞，takea

deepbreath深深地吸了一口氣。breathe“呼吸”，為動(dòng)詞。[單選題]9.Thefactoryused65percentofthematerials,therestofwhich__________savedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.were參考答案：D參考解析：考查主謂一致。由主句可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。therestofwhich中which指代的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞materials，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與materials保持一致，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。[單選題]10.Aseveryoneknows,theSouthChinaSeais__________partofChina,__________importantpartofChina,anyothercountryoutsideAsiadoesn′thave__________sayinthisissue.A.a;an;/B./;an;aC.a;the;theD.a;an;/參考答案：B參考解析：考查冠詞的用法。第一空不填冠詞，part

ofChina“屬于中國(guó)，是中國(guó)的一部分”；第二空后面有形容詞important，所以應(yīng)填不定冠詞an；第三空填a，haveasay表示“有發(fā)言權(quán)”。句意：大家都知道，南海屬于中國(guó)，是中國(guó)很重要的一部分，亞洲以外的任何國(guó)家對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。[單選題]11._________theenormoussacrificesoflifeandpropertyofanationbecauseofwar,anyattempttostartawarmustberegardedasacrimeagainstthenation.A.InchargeofB.ForfearofC.AccordingtoD.Inviewof參考答案：D參考解析：考查介詞短語(yǔ)的用法。Inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé)，主管”；Forfearof“為了避免，唯恐”；Accordingto“根據(jù)，按照”；Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”。句意：鑒于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給一個(gè)國(guó)家?guī)?lái)的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)方面的巨大損失，任何發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的企圖都必須被視為反國(guó)家的犯罪。[單選題]12.Theconversationalimplicationof"Johnisamachine"asaresponseto"WhatdoyouthinkofJohn"iscontext-bound.Itpossessesallthefollowingdistinguishingpropertiesbut__________.A.non-detachabilityB.calculabilityC.conventionalityD.defeasibility參考答案：C參考解析：“約翰是一臺(tái)機(jī)器”是對(duì)“你覺(jué)得約翰這個(gè)人怎么樣”的回答，它在固定的語(yǔ)境中才能表達(dá)一種含義，因此會(huì)話和語(yǔ)境是分不開(kāi)的。A、B、D三項(xiàng)都是會(huì)話含義的特點(diǎn)，C項(xiàng)“規(guī)約性”不是會(huì)話含義的特點(diǎn)。[單選題]13.Agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayforthe__________ofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.A.privilegeB.advantageC.profitD.preference參考答案：A參考解析：考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)，優(yōu)待”；advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)，利益”；profit“利益，利潤(rùn)”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向”。fortheprivilegeofdoingsth.“做……的好處，特權(quán)”。句意：很多人常常愿意犧牲更高的工資來(lái)享受白領(lǐng)工人的特權(quán)。根據(jù)句意，可知選A。[單選題]14.Itwasdemandedthattheplay_________again.A.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton參考答案：C參考解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在“Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that”句型中，如果這類分詞是表示建議、命令、要求、愿望等，則從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。此外，play與puton之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C。[單選題]15.__________hermotherstartedtogotothemeditationclass.A.ItwasataboutthistimethatB.ThatwasaboutthistimeC.ItwasataboutthistimewhenD.Itwasaboutthistimethat參考答案：A參考解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ataboutthistime。句意：大約是在這個(gè)時(shí)間，她的媽媽去上冥想課的。[單選題]16.Notasingleword__________whenhewasforcedtoleavehomeandjointhearmyin1937.A.didMarkleaveB.leftMarkC.didleaveMarkD.Markleft參考答案：A參考解析：not詞組放句首，句子一般需要主謂倒裝。[單選題]17.Theseoldpicturesbringtotheirmindthecollegedays__________theyspenttogether,__________lifewashardbuthappy.A.which;whenB.when;whichC.which;whichD.when;when參考答案：A參考解析：考查復(fù)合句知識(shí)。因?yàn)閺木渲衧pent是及物動(dòng)詞，所以第一空選which作賓語(yǔ)同時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。when也引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾days，因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以when在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。[單選題]18.Whichofthefollowingisanentailmentoftheutterance"Anniebrokethewindow"?A.Anniewascareless.B.Anniewasdisruptive.C.Anniedidsomethingtothewindow.D.ItisAnniewhobrokethewindow.參考答案：C參考解析：考查語(yǔ)義學(xué)知識(shí)。句子之間的蘊(yùn)含關(guān)系(Entailment)是一種包含關(guān)系，即一個(gè)句子X(jué)的意思包含于另一個(gè)句子Y的意思，表現(xiàn)為“XentailsY.”就真值條件而言，如果X為真，那么Y也為真；如果X為假，那么Y亦真亦假。[單選題]19.Theambiguityin"Myfrienddrovemetothebank."iscausedby__________.A.lexicalitemsB.agrammaticalstructureC.homonymyD.polysemy參考答案：D參考解析：考查語(yǔ)義學(xué)。一詞多義(polysemy)經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致表達(dá)含糊不清，表達(dá)意思不清楚。本句的歧義在于不知道是開(kāi)車帶“我”去河邊還是去銀行。[單選題]20.Whenitcomestothemajorityofthelatesttechnologiesinthenext20years,__________hasgreaterpotentialthanthetechnologybeingdevelopedintheseyoungpeople′scompany,__________inmyeyeswillleadtoarevolution.A.nothing;whichB.none;whereC.nothing;whereD.none;which參考答案：D參考解析：考查不定代詞一的用法。none和nothing作不定代詞時(shí)，在句中表示全部否定。none指在一定范圍內(nèi)，代替上下文提到的名詞，而nothing則沒(méi)有任何限制，故第一空應(yīng)填入none，指代the

latesttechnologies。第二空后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which引導(dǎo)，故選D。[問(wèn)答題]1.為了克服教學(xué)目標(biāo)陳述的含糊性，R.E.Mager發(fā)展了行為目標(biāo)的陳述技巧。請(qǐng)介紹行為目標(biāo)陳述的ABCD規(guī)則并舉例說(shuō)明。參考答案：無(wú)參考解析：Mager認(rèn)為一個(gè)合格的教學(xué)目標(biāo)應(yīng)具有四個(gè)組成部分：對(duì)象(Audience)、行為(Behavior)、條件(Condition)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Degree)。對(duì)象(Audience)：教學(xué)目標(biāo)的表述中應(yīng)明確教學(xué)對(duì)象。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，此處的對(duì)象一定是學(xué)習(xí)者，而不是施教者。例如，多數(shù)學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)操練后能比較流利地朗讀本單元Activity5中的對(duì)話；30％左右的學(xué)生能脫離書本表演。行為(Behavior)：行為是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)能做什么的描述。編寫行為時(shí)，教師可以問(wèn)自己：學(xué)習(xí)者做出哪些行為時(shí)可以證明他們達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)的要求。例如，全體學(xué)生能正確認(rèn)讀、聽(tīng)懂理解以下單詞：cinema，film，filmstar，stadium，football

match，footballteam等；90％左右的學(xué)生能正確拼寫這些單詞。條件(Condition)：由于期望學(xué)生做出的行為總是在一定條件下完成的，所以教學(xué)目標(biāo)應(yīng)包括條件的表述。條件表示學(xué)習(xí)者完成規(guī)定行為時(shí)所處的情境，說(shuō)明在評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果時(shí)，應(yīng)在哪種情況下評(píng)價(jià)。例如，全體學(xué)生能根據(jù)教師提供的分層情境，兩人或多人一組編出一段關(guān)于“邀請(qǐng)”的對(duì)話，并在全班展示交流。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Degree)：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是行為完成質(zhì)量可接受的最低程度的測(cè)量依據(jù)。對(duì)行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出具體描述，以使教學(xué)目標(biāo)更具有可測(cè)性。例如，全體學(xué)生能將關(guān)于食品的英文單詞按蔬菜、水果、飲料、肉類等進(jìn)行分類，至少90％的詞匯分得正確。[問(wèn)答題]2.以下是某高中英語(yǔ)教師設(shè)計(jì)的課堂導(dǎo)入，閱讀并回答以下問(wèn)題：(1)請(qǐng)?jiān)u價(jià)該教師所設(shè)計(jì)的導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)。(2)教師還可以采用哪些方法導(dǎo)入教學(xué)內(nèi)容?(不少于五種)(3)請(qǐng)自己設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)課堂導(dǎo)入。Lead-inShowthestudentssomepictures(Tangshan,Wenchuan,SanFrancisco)aboutearthquakesandaskthem:(1)Haveyouexperiencedearthquakes?Lookatthepictures.Doyouknowwheretheseearthquakeshappened?(2)Couldyoudescribehowterribleanearthquakeis?參考答案：無(wú)參考解析：(1)新課的導(dǎo)入是整個(gè)課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)中的熱身活動(dòng)，目的是讓學(xué)生在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)入課堂學(xué)習(xí)的最佳狀態(tài)。該教師通過(guò)圖片展示、提出問(wèn)題的方式導(dǎo)入課堂內(nèi)容，既擴(kuò)大了學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，又激發(fā)了他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，并引發(fā)了他們的求知欲，調(diào)動(dòng)了他們回答問(wèn)題的積極性。(2)課堂導(dǎo)入方法有：電影或歌曲導(dǎo)入法；探討話題導(dǎo)入法；頭腦風(fēng)暴法；時(shí)事導(dǎo)入法；實(shí)物導(dǎo)入法；背景知識(shí)導(dǎo)入法；演講和表演導(dǎo)入法；故事導(dǎo)入法；游戲?qū)敕?；情境?dǎo)入法等。(3)Lead-inTeacherquotessomepoems,proverbs,expressing

people'sopinionsonhope,thenplaysasongBe

Together,AliveorNot.Timepermitting,teachercould

teachstudentstosingit.Thus,itwillarouse

students'interestandemotional

identification.[問(wèn)答題]3.以下材料選自《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書·英語(yǔ)(必修1)》Unit1Friendship。請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)閱讀課的教案。教學(xué)材料：ANNE′SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.HerfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,"Idon′twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty."NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.Thursday15thJune,1944DearKitty,Iwonderifit′sbecauseIhaven′tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI′vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That′schangedsinceIwashere....Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn′tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn′tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI′dseenthenightfacetoface......Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It′snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,Anne參考答案：無(wú)參考解析：TeachingObjectivesKnowledgeandskillobjectives:(1)Studentsmastersomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispassage,suchasonpurpose,becrazy

about,etc.(2)Studentslearnthewritingstyleofthispassage.Processandmethodobjectives:BasedonTask-basedteaching,discussionandcoop-aftercompletingsometasks,

studentscanunderstandthetextwell.Emotionobjectives:(1)Studentsdevelopthereadingability,learntousesomereadingstrategiessuchasguessing,findingkey

sentences，skinningandsoon;(2)Studentsrealizetheimportanceoffriendsand

friendship,andcantelltruefriendsfromfalse

friends.TeachingProceduresStep1Pre-reading(1)Backgroundintroduction(2)WhatdoyouknowabouttheWorldWarII

?(3)EnjoyashortpartofthefilmSchindler'slist.Step2SkimmingReadfastandfillintheformbelow.Step3IntensiveReading(1)ReadAnne'sdiaryandfillintheformbelow.(2)Answerthefollowingquestions:WhydidAnnemakeherdiaryherbestfriend?WhatisanordinarydiarylikeaccordingtoAnne?Whataboutherdiary?Whywasshesocrazyaboutthingstodowith

nature?Whydidshestayawakeonpurposeuntilverylate

oneevening?Whydidn'tshedareopenthewindowwhenthemoon

wastoobright?Howdoyouunderstandtheexpressions"spell-bound"and"heldmeentirelyintheirpowder"?(3)Readandsummarizethemainideaofeach

paragraph.Skimthetextandsummarizethemainideaofeach

paragraphinonesentence.Para.One:Annemadeherdiaryherbestfriend

whomshecouldtelleverything.Para.Two:Anne'sdiaryactedashertruefriendduringthetimesheandherfamilyhadtohideawayfor

alongtime.Para.Three:Havingbeenkeptindoorsforsolong,Anne

grew

so

crazy

about

everything

to

do

withnature.Step4Post-reading(1)Completethefollowingsentencesusingthe

wordsandexpressionsfromthetext.①Shehasgrown__________aboutcomputergames.②WasitanaccidentordidDaviddoiton__________?③Fromthebeginning,Paulmadeitclearthathe

wouldbeincontrol.④Heusedtowork__________eveninthemiddleof

winter.⑤Justthe__________ofmorefoodmadeherfeel

sick.⑥Youhadbetterhavea__________talkwithhim.⑦Borninapoorfamily,themanager__________lots

ofhardshipsinhischildhood.⑧Adiaryisoftenkept__________towhathappensin

people'sdailylives.(2)Summarizethetextbyyourownwords.Step5ActivityFourstudentsagrouptodiscussthesituation:Supposeyoufourhavetohideyourselvesforthree

months.Duringthethreemonths,youwillbeoffered

thebasicfood,waterandclothes.Yourgroupcan

take5thingswithyou.Whatwillyoutake?Why?Howwillyouspendthethreemonths?Howwillyoutreateachotherandmakefriends?Step6HomeworkChooseoneofthefollowingassignments:(1)Reviewtheimportantwords,phrasesanddifficultsentencesinthetextandmakesentencesusing

thewordsgivenbytheteacher.(2)Interviewahighschoolstudent,abusinessman,apoliceofficerandahousewifetofindouttheiropinionsaboutfriendsandfriendship.Writeareport

toshareitwiththewholeclassinthenextclass.(3)Describeoneofyourbestfriendsfollowingthe

writingstyleofthispassage.Ending:EnjoyasongAuldLangSyne.共享題干題Passage1ThefirsttimeIquestionedtheconventionalwisdomonthenatureofahealthydiet,Iwasinmysaladdays,almost40yearsago,andthesubjectwassalt.Researcherswereclaimingthatsaltsupplementationwasunnecessaryafterstrenuousexercise,andthisadvicewasbeingpassedonbyhealthreporters.AllIknewwasthatIhadplayedhighschoolfootballinsuburbanMaryland,sweatingprofuselythroughdoublesessionsintheswamp-like90-degreedaysofAugust.Withoutsaltpills,Icouldn′tmakeitthroughatwo-hourpractice;Icouldn′twalkacrosstheparkinglotafterwardwithoutcramping.Whilesportsnutritionistshavesincecomearoundtorecommendthatweshouldindeedreplenishsaltwhenwesweatitoutinphysicalactivity,themessagethatweshouldavoidsaltatallothertimesremainsstrong.Saltconsumptionissaidtoraisebloodpressure,causehypertensionandincreasetheriskofprematuredeath.ThisiswhytheDepartmentofAgriculture′sdietaryguidelinesstillconsidersaltPublicEnemyNo.1,comingbeforefats,sugarsandalcohol.It′swhythedirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhassuggestedthatreducingsaltconsumptionisascriticaltolong-termhealthasquittingcigarettes.Andyet,thiseat-less-saltargumenthasbeensurprisinglycontroversial--anddifficulttodefend.Notbecausethefoodindustryopposesit,butbecausetheactualevidencetosupportithasalwaysbeensoweak.WhenIspentthebetterpartofayearresearchingthestateofthesaltsciencebackin1998--alreadyaquartercenturyintotheeat-less-saltrecommendations--journaleditorsandpublichealthadministratorswerestillremarkablycandidintheirassessmentofhowflimsytheevidencewasimplicatingsaltasthecauseofhypertension.While,backthen,theevidencemerelyfailedtodemonstratethatsaltwasharmful,theevidencefromstudiespublishesoverthepasttwoyearsactuallysuggeststhatrestrictinghowmuchsaltweeatcanincreaseourlikelihoodofdyingprematurely.Putsimply,thepossibilityhasbeenraisedthatifweweretoeataslittlesaltastheU.S.D.A.andtheC.D.C.recommend,we′dbeharmingratherthanhelpingourselves.Whyhavewebeentoldthatsaltissodeadly?Well,theadvicehasalwayssoundedreasonable.Ithaswhatnutritionistsliketocall"biologicalplausibility."Eatmoresaltandyourbodyretainswatertomaintainastableconcentrationofsodiuminyourblood.Thisiswhyeatingsaltyfoodtendstomakeusthirsty:wedrinkmore;weretainwater.Theresultcanbeatemporaryincreaseinbloodpressure,whichwillpersistuntilourkidneyseliminatebothsaltandwater.Thescientificquestioniswhetherthistemporaryphenomenontranslatestochronicproblems:ifweeattoomuchsaltforyears,doesitraiseourbloodpressure,causehypertension,thenstrokes,andthenkillusprematurely?Itmakessense,butit′sonlyahypothesis.Thereasonscientistsdoexperimentsistofindoutifhypothesesaretrue.TheN.I.H.hasspentenormoussumsofmoneyonstudiestotestthehypothesis,andthosestudieshavesingularlyfailedtomaketheevidenceanymoreconclusive.Withnearlyeveryonefocusedonthesupposedbenefitsofsaltrestriction,littleresearchwasdonetolookatthepotentialdangers.Butfouryearsago,Italianresearchersbeganpublishingtheresultsfromaseriesofclinicaltrials,allofwhichreportedthat,amongpatientswithheartfailure,reducingsaltconsumptionincreasedtheriskofdeath.[單選題]1.Saltpillsseemtobeakindofsubstancewhich__________.A.improvesone'sperformanceinsportscompetitionB.providesonewithnecessarysaltsupplementationC.preventsonefrombeingaddictedtosaltD.providesonewithextraenergy參考答案：B參考解析：推理判斷題。第一段提到，作者在少不更事時(shí)就第一次對(duì)研究人員所聲稱的“大量運(yùn)動(dòng)之后不需要補(bǔ)充鹽分”產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑，由此可知salt

pills是能補(bǔ)充鹽分的。ThefirsttimeIquestionedtheconventionalwisdomonthenatureofahealthydiet,Iwasinmysaladdays,almost40yearsago,andthesubjectwassalt.Researcherswereclaimingthatsaltsupplementationwasunnecessaryafterstrenuousexercise,andthisadvicewasbeingpassedonbyhealthreporters.AllIknewwasthatIhadplayedhighschoolfootballinsuburbanMaryland,sweatingprofuselythroughdoublesessionsintheswamp-like90-degreedaysofAugust.Withoutsaltpills,Icouldn′tmakeitthroughatwo-hourpractice;Icouldn′twalkacrosstheparkinglotafterwardwithoutcramping.Whilesportsnutritionistshavesincecomearoundtorecommendthatweshouldindeedreplenishsaltwhenwesweatitoutinphysicalactivity,themessagethatweshouldavoidsaltatallothertimesremainsstrong.Saltconsumptionissaidtoraisebloodpressure,causehypertensionandincreasetheriskofprematuredeath.ThisiswhytheDepartmentofAgriculture′sdietaryguidelinesstillconsidersaltPublicEnemyNo.1,comingbeforefats,sugarsandalcohol.It′swhythedirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhassuggestedthatreducingsaltconsumptionisascriticaltolong-termhealthasquittingcigarettes.Andyet,thiseat-less-saltargumenthasbeensurprisinglycontroversial--anddifficulttodefend.Notbecausethefoodindustryopposesit,butbecausetheactualevidencetosupportithasalwaysbeensoweak.WhenIspentthebetterpartofayearresearchingthestateofthesaltsciencebackin1998--alreadyaquartercenturyintotheeat-less-saltrecommendations--journaleditorsandpublichealthadministratorswerestillremarkablycandidintheirassessmentofhowflimsytheevidencewasimplicatingsaltasthecauseofhypertension.While,backthen,theevidencemerelyfailedtodemonstratethatsaltwasharmful,theevidencefromstudiespublishesoverthepasttwoyearsactuallysuggeststhatrestrictinghowmuchsaltweeatcanincreaseourlikelihoodofdyingprematurely.Putsimply,thepossibilityhasbeenraisedthatifweweretoeataslittlesaltastheU.S.D.A.andtheC.D.C.recommend,we′dbeharmingratherthanhelpingourselves.Whyhavewebeentoldthatsaltissodeadly?Well,theadvicehasalwayssoundedreasonable.Ithaswhatnutritionistsliketocall"biologicalplausibility."Eatmoresaltandyourbodyretainswatertomaintainastableconcentrationofsodiuminyourblood.Thisiswhyeatingsaltyfoodtendstomakeusthirsty:wedrinkmore;weretainwater.Theresultcanbeatemporaryincreaseinbloodpressure,whichwillpersistuntilourkidneyseliminatebothsaltandwater.Thescientificquestioniswhetherthistemporaryphenomenontranslatestochronicproblems:ifweeattoomuchsaltforyears,doesitraiseourbloodpressure,causehypertension,thenstrokes,andthenkillusprematurely?Itmakessense,butit′sonlyahypothesis.Thereasonscientistsdoexperimentsistofindoutifhypothesesaretrue.TheN.I.H.hasspentenormoussumsofmoneyonstudiestotestthehypothesis,andthosestudieshavesingularlyfailedtomaketheevidenceanymoreconclusive.Withnearlyeveryonefocusedonthesupposedbenefitsofsaltrestriction,littleresearchwasdonetolookatthepotentialdangers.Butfouryearsago,Italianresearchersbeganpublishingtheresultsfromaseriesofclinicaltrials,allofwhichreportedthat,amongpatientswithheartfailure,reducingsaltconsumptionincreasedtheriskofdeath.[單選題]2.Accordingtothepassage,whenwerepeoplerecommendedtoeatlesssalt?A.Aroundtheearly1990s.B.Aroundtheearly1980s.C.Aroundtheearly1970s.D.Aroundtheearly1960s.參考答案：C參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句的1998和aquartercenturyintotheeat-less-saltrecommendations可知，在1973年前后人們就被建議少吃鹽。ThefirsttimeIquestionedtheconventionalwisdomonthenatureofahealthydiet,Iwasinmysaladdays,almost40yearsago,andthesubjectwassalt.Researcherswereclaimingthatsaltsupplementationwasunnecessaryafterstrenuousexercise,andthisadvicewasbeingpassedonbyhealthreporters.AllIknewwasthatIhadplayedhighschoolfootballinsuburbanMaryland,sweatingprofuselythroughdoublesessionsintheswamp-like90-degreedaysofAugust.Withoutsaltpills,Icouldn′tmakeitthroughatwo-hourpractice;Icouldn′twalkacrosstheparkinglotafterwardwithoutcramping.Whilesportsnutritionistshavesincecomearoundtorecommendthatweshouldindeedreplenishsaltwhenwesweatitoutinphysicalactivity,themessagethatweshouldavoidsaltatallothertimesremainsstrong.Saltconsumptionissaidtoraisebloodpressure,causehypertensionandincreasetheriskofprematuredeath.ThisiswhytheDepartmentofAgriculture′sdietaryguidelinesstillconsidersaltPublicEnemyNo.1,comingbeforefats,sugarsandalcohol.It′swhythedirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhassuggestedthatreducingsaltconsumptionisascriticaltolong-termhealthasquittingcigarettes.Andyet,thiseat-less-saltargumenthasbeensurprisinglycontroversial--anddifficulttodefend.Notbecausethefoodindustryopposesit,butbecausetheactualevidencetosupportithasalwaysbeensoweak.WhenIspentthebetterpartofayearresearchingthestateofthesaltsciencebackin1998--alreadyaquartercenturyintotheeat-less-saltrecommendations--journaleditorsandpublichealthadministratorswerestillremarkablycandidintheirassessmentofhowflimsytheevidencewasimplicatingsaltasthecauseofhypertension.While,backthen,theevidencemerelyfailedtodemonstratethatsaltwasharmful,theevidencefromstudiespublishesoverthepasttwoyearsactuallysuggeststhatrestrictinghowmuchsaltweeatcanincreaseourlikelihoodofdyingprematurely.Putsimply,thepossibilityhasbeenraisedthatifweweretoeataslittlesaltastheU.S.D.A.andtheC.D.C.recommend,we′dbeharmingratherthanhelpingourselves.Whyhavewebeentoldthatsaltissodeadly?Well,theadvicehasalwayssoundedreasonable.Ithaswhatnutritionistsliketocall"biologicalplausibility."Eatmoresaltandyourbodyretainswatertomaintainastableconcentrationofsodiuminyourblood.Thisiswhyeatingsaltyfoodtendstomakeusthirsty:wedrinkmore;weretainwater.Theresultcanbeatemporaryincreaseinbloodpressure,whichwillpersistuntilourkidneyseliminatebothsaltandwater.Thescientificquestioniswhetherthistemporaryphenomenontranslatestochronicproblems:ifweeattoomuchsaltforyears,doesitraiseourbloodpressure,causehypertension,thenstrokes,andthenkillusprematurely?Itmakessense,butit′sonlyahypothesis.Thereasonscientistsdoexperimentsistofindoutifhypothesesaretrue.TheN.I.H.hasspentenormoussumsofmoneyonstudiestotestthehypothesis,andthosestudieshavesingularlyfailedtomaketheevidenceanymoreconclusive.Withnearlyeveryonefocusedonthesupposedbenefitsofsaltrestriction,littleresearchwasdonetolookatthepotentialdangers.Butfouryearsago,Italianresearchersbeganpublishingtheresultsfromaseriesofclinicaltrials,allofwhichreportedthat,amongpatientswithheartfailure,reducingsaltconsumptionincreasedtheriskofdeath.[單選題]3.Accordingtotheauthor,eatingmoresalt__________.A.hasshorttermeffectuponpeople'sbloodpressureB.haslongtermeffectuponpeople'sbloodpressureC.hasnegativeeffectuponpeople'shealthD.hasnoeffectuponpeople'shealth參考答案：A參考解析：推理判斷題。第六、七段分別提到了多吃鹽對(duì)人體造成的短期和長(zhǎng)期影響，其中所謂的長(zhǎng)期影響是建立在一種假設(shè)之上的，而這種假設(shè)還有待求證。A項(xiàng)符合文章意思。ThefirsttimeIquestionedtheconventionalwisdomonthenatureofahealthydiet,Iwasinmysaladdays,almost40yearsago,andthesubjectwassalt.Researcherswereclaimingthatsaltsupplementationwasunnecessaryafterstrenuousexercise,andthisadvicewasbeingpassedonbyhealthreporters.AllIknewwasthatIhadplayedhighschoolfootballinsuburbanMaryland,sweatingprofuselythroughdoublesessionsintheswamp-like90-degreedaysofAugust.Withoutsaltpills,Icouldn′tmakeitthroughatwo-hourpractice;Icouldn′twalkacrosstheparkinglotafterwardwithoutcramping.Whilesportsnutritionistshavesincecomearoundtorecommendthatweshouldindeedreplenishsaltwhenwesweatitoutinphysicalactivity,themessagethatweshouldavoidsaltatallothertimesremainsstrong.Saltconsumptionissaidtoraisebloodpressure,causehypertensionandincreasetheriskofprematuredeath.ThisiswhytheDepartmentofAgriculture′sdietaryguidelinesstillconsidersaltPublicEnemyNo.1,comingbeforefats,sugarsandalcohol.It′swhythedirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhassuggestedthatreducingsaltconsumptionisascriticaltolong-termhealthasquittingcigarettes.Andyet,thiseat-less-saltargumenthasbeensurprisinglycontroversial--anddifficulttodefend.Notbecausethefoodindustryopposesit,butbecausetheactualevidencetosupportithasalwaysbeensoweak.WhenIspentthebetterpartofayearresearchingthestateofthesaltsciencebackin1998--alreadyaquartercenturyintotheeat-less-saltrecommendations--journaleditorsandpublichealthadministratorswerestillremarkablycandidintheirassessmentofhowflimsytheevidencewasimplicatingsaltasthecauseofhypertension.While,backthen,theevidencemerelyfailedtodemonstratethatsaltwasharmful,theevidencefromstudiespublishesoverthepasttwoyearsactuallysuggeststhatrestrictinghowmuchsaltweeatcanincreaseourlikelihoodofdyingprematurely.Putsimply,thepossibilityhasbeenraisedthatifweweretoeataslittlesaltastheU.S.D.A.andtheC.D.C.recommend,we′dbeharmingratherthanhelpingourselves.Whyhavewebeentoldthatsaltissodeadly?Well,theadvicehasalwayssoundedreasonable.Ithaswhatnutritionistsliketocall"biologicalplausibility."Eatmoresaltandyourbodyretainswatertomaintainastableconcentrationofsodiuminyourblood.Thisiswhyeatingsaltyfoodtendstomakeusthirsty:wedrinkmore;weretainwater.Theresultcanbeatemporaryincreaseinbloodpressure,whichwillpersistuntilourkidneyseliminatebothsaltandwater.Thescientificquestioniswhetherthistemporaryphenomenontranslatestochronicproblems:ifweeattoomuchsaltforyears,doesitraiseourbloodpressure,cau