語(yǔ)言學(xué)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)

語(yǔ)學(xué)術(shù)

AListCommonly-usedLinguisticTerminology語(yǔ)言學(xué)用術(shù)語(yǔ)表PartI通用術(shù)Acquisition習(xí)得Agglutinativelanguage粘著Anthropology人類學(xué)linguistics應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言Arbitrariness任意Artificial(AI)人工能行為主義行為主心理學(xué)Bilingualism雙語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象Cognition認(rèn)知Cognitive認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言Cognitive認(rèn)知科學(xué)Comparativelinguistics比較言學(xué)Computational計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)學(xué)Creole克里奧耳語(yǔ)混合語(yǔ)Culture文化linguistics描寫語(yǔ)言識(shí)別特征發(fā)展心語(yǔ)言學(xué)Diachronic/historical歷時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)方言方言學(xué)不受時(shí)空制的特Dualism二元論Duality二重性Epistemology認(rèn)識(shí)論辭源學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)心語(yǔ)言學(xué)形式Formal形式語(yǔ)學(xué)法律語(yǔ)言功能主

普通語(yǔ)學(xué)Grammaticality符合法性表意法Inflectional屈折語(yǔ)交叉性學(xué)的孤立語(yǔ)言宏觀社會(huì)言學(xué)Mentalism心智義微觀社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)蒙太古法神經(jīng)語(yǔ)學(xué)Orthography正字法Orthoepic正音法的Paradigmatic聚合關(guān)言語(yǔ)教育學(xué)；教授語(yǔ)文學(xué)Philosophy哲學(xué)表音皮欽語(yǔ)；洋涇語(yǔ)多式綜合Prescriptivelinguistics規(guī)定語(yǔ)言學(xué)理語(yǔ)學(xué)心理學(xué)符號(hào)學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)Speech言語(yǔ)社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)主義共時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)Syntagmatic組合關(guān)系Theoreticlinguistics理論語(yǔ)言Universalgrammar普遍語(yǔ)法Universality普遍性PartII音位學(xué)Ablaut元音變化聲學(xué)語(yǔ)學(xué)塞擦音音位變體2

Alveolar齒齦Articulatory發(fā)音語(yǔ)音聽(tīng)覺(jué)語(yǔ)音Articulatory發(fā)音變體送氣同化tongue舌根vowel后元音雙唇tongue舌面Broadtranscription寬式音Central中元音Collocation搭配互補(bǔ)分Consonant輔音Dental齒音變音符號(hào)；加符號(hào)Diphthong雙元音Distinctivefeatures區(qū)別性征擦音vowel前元音Glide音渡Glottal喉音Hardpalate硬腭International國(guó)際音標(biāo)語(yǔ)調(diào)Liquid流音Manner發(fā)音法最小立體Narrowtranscription嚴(yán)式音標(biāo)Nasal鼻音Nasal鼻腔Palatal腭音Pharyngeal咽腔素Phoneme音位ofarticulation發(fā)音部爆破音contrast音位對(duì)立Phonetics音學(xué)Rounded圓音Soft(velum)軟

Spectrograph頻譜儀Speechorgan發(fā)音官Speech語(yǔ)音Stop塞音重音超音特征Teeth齒齦隆骨Tiptongue舌尖Tone音/聲Unrounded非圓唇音小舌Velar軟腭Vocalcords聲帶濁音Voiceless清音Voicing濁音Vowel元音PartIIIMorphology形態(tài)學(xué)首字母縮詞詞綴詞綴法逆成法緊縮法Borrowing借用morpheme粘著素縮略創(chuàng)新詞合成法轉(zhuǎn)換封閉類morpheme派生語(yǔ)素Free自由語(yǔ)素成語(yǔ)Inflection屈折化Inflectional屈折語(yǔ)素Jargon行話Lexicography辭典編纂Loan外來(lái)語(yǔ)素開(kāi)放類Prefix前綴Productive能產(chǎn)的3

詞根Stem詞干后綴Suppletion異根Wordformation構(gòu)詞法PartIV句法學(xué)Abstract抽象名詞Accusative賓格voice主動(dòng)態(tài)Adjective形容詞Adjunct附加語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)一致系照應(yīng)Antecedent先行詞省略號(hào)Apposition同位Article冠詞定語(yǔ)Case格分裂集合名Comment述題Competence語(yǔ)言能力Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)predicate復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)復(fù)合句Concessionrelation讓步關(guān)系Concrete具體名詞Connective連接詞Constituent句子成Contentword實(shí)詞Continuous進(jìn)行體Coordinateclause并列句Coordinatingconjunction并列連詞Copula系動(dòng)詞Declarative陳述adequacy描寫充分性Directobject直接賓語(yǔ)constituents非連續(xù)性

成分深層結(jié)構(gòu)number雙數(shù)Dummyword偽詞construction向心構(gòu)Ergative作格感嘆句Existential存在句Exocentricconstruction離心結(jié)adequacy解釋充分Feminine陰性Finiteclause限定分句Finite限定性動(dòng)詞Functionword功能詞Genericterm泛指成分Genitive所有格；屬格Gender性Gerundive動(dòng)名詞Habitual習(xí)慣體Head中心詞ImmediateConstituent(ICAnalysis)直接成分析法mood祈使語(yǔ)氣祈使句Imperfectiveaspect非完體Indirectobject間接賓語(yǔ)不定式Inflectionalaffix屈折前綴非正式言Intensifier強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)感嘆詞Interrogativesentence疑問(wèn)句Intransitive不及物動(dòng)詞Intransitivity不及物性Irregular不規(guī)則動(dòng)Labeledtreediagram加標(biāo)記的形圖語(yǔ)言器官Lexicalverb實(shí)詞性動(dòng)詞Main主句Masculine陽(yáng)性主句中動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)4

情態(tài)動(dòng)Modification修飾Modifier修飾語(yǔ)Morphologicalprocess形態(tài)過(guò)程Move移位Negation否定Neuter中性Nominal名詞性Nominal名詞性分Nominalization名物化Nominativecase主格Non-placepredicate空位謂結(jié)構(gòu)Numeral數(shù)詞Object賓語(yǔ)Objective賓格Oblique斜格adequacy觀充分性O(shè)ne-place一位述謂結(jié)擬聲詞Particle小品詞詞性Passivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tense過(guò)去完成時(shí)tense過(guò)去完成體Performance語(yǔ)言用；言行為pronoun人稱代詞擬人化verb短語(yǔ)動(dòng)Phrase短語(yǔ)Phrasestructurerules(PS-rules)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)則Plural復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)性后置phrase后置短語(yǔ)謂詞Preposition介詞phrase介詞性語(yǔ)tense現(xiàn)在時(shí)Progressive進(jìn)行體principle投射原則代詞性的Pronoun代詞

Quantifier數(shù)量詞Reciprocal互指代詞Reflexivepronoun反身詞Reflexiveverb反身動(dòng)關(guān)系副關(guān)系狀pronoun關(guān)系代詞Rhetorical反意問(wèn)句Sentence句子句子的句子性補(bǔ)sentence簡(jiǎn)單單數(shù)的單數(shù)性S-structure表層結(jié)Subject主語(yǔ)Subjective主格從屬句Substantive實(shí)詞句法功能Tag附加疑問(wèn)時(shí)態(tài)Topic主題Transformational-generative(TGgrammar)轉(zhuǎn)換生成語(yǔ)法verb及物動(dòng)詞及物性二位述結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞的非格性Verb動(dòng)詞behavior言語(yǔ)行為Voice語(yǔ)態(tài)Wordclasses詞類Wordorder詞序Yes-noquestion是非問(wèn)句；一疑問(wèn)句PartV語(yǔ)義學(xué)施事反義詞Antonymy反義關(guān)系Beneficiary受益者5

Colorword色彩詞互補(bǔ)性反關(guān)系Componentialanalysis成分分析自相矛盾說(shuō)法Deicticcenter指示心指示Downgrade語(yǔ)義降經(jīng)歷同形異音異同音異Hyponym下義下義Instrument工具地點(diǎn)有意義Naming命名Participant參與者角色Patient受事Person人稱指示語(yǔ)deixis地點(diǎn)指語(yǔ)Polysemy一詞多義world可能界Predication述謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析Recipient接收所指所指對(duì)restrictions選擇限制語(yǔ)義角意義Superordinate上義詞Synonym同義詞Synonymy同義關(guān)系Theme受事ro語(yǔ)義角色時(shí)間指示Truthcondition真值條件Valency配價(jià)PartVIPragmatics語(yǔ)用學(xué)Addressee說(shuō)話象Adjacencypair鄰接對(duì)Context語(yǔ)境上下文

Conversationalimplicature會(huì)話含義Cooperative合作原則Direct直接話語(yǔ)Discourse話語(yǔ)Distal遠(yuǎn)指百科知識(shí)Euphemism委婉語(yǔ)Focus焦點(diǎn)廣義含義Givenvs.newinformation已知與未知信息Honorific敬語(yǔ)Illocutionaryact言外為Illocutionaryforce言外之力Implicature含義Indirectspeech間接話語(yǔ)principle信息原則Manner方式含Maxim方式則Maximquality質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則Maxim數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則Maxim關(guān)聯(lián)則施為句verb施為動(dòng)言后行為Potentialimplicature可能含義Potential可能預(yù)設(shè)事先聲明Preparatorycondition準(zhǔn)備件