大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文--基于malmquistindex通信服務(wù)企業(yè)動態(tài)效率研究

南京郵電大學(xué)通達(dá)學(xué)院題目：基于Malmquist-index的通信服務(wù)企業(yè)動態(tài)效率研究專業(yè)：信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)學(xué)生姓名：班級學(xué)號：指導(dǎo)教師：指導(dǎo)單位：管理學(xué)院日期：2013年11月25日至2014年6月13日摘要在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的推動下，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)的競爭日漸激烈，通信服務(wù)企業(yè)如何在競爭中提升自身經(jīng)營效率，找準(zhǔn)改進(jìn)方向成為其必需考慮的問題。通過對運(yùn)營效率進(jìn)行分析，可以了解企業(yè)的營業(yè)狀況及經(jīng)營管理水平。本文在已有文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用DEA-Malmquist指數(shù)模型，以產(chǎn)出為導(dǎo)向，對通信服務(wù)業(yè)公司連續(xù)經(jīng)營的效率進(jìn)行評價。DEA把每一個評價單位看做一個決策單元，通過對決策單元投入和產(chǎn)出比率的綜合分析，確定決策單元是否DEA有效，同時指出非DEA有效決策單元的原因和調(diào)整方向和程度。將DEA運(yùn)用到Malmquist指數(shù)計算過程中，使用2009~2013年的面板數(shù)據(jù)來計算全要素生產(chǎn)率和技術(shù)變化以及綜合效率變化，來測度決策單元時間序列上的生產(chǎn)率變化即動態(tài)效率變化。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果為通信服務(wù)企業(yè)提出相關(guān)改善建議。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：我國大多數(shù)通信服務(wù)企業(yè)處于規(guī)模報酬下降階段，其生產(chǎn)率水平呈下降態(tài)勢；技術(shù)水平、管理水平成為影響通信服務(wù)類企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率提升的主要原因。關(guān)鍵詞：通信服務(wù)企業(yè)；運(yùn)營效率；數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析(DEA)；Malmquist指數(shù)ABSTRACTDrivenbyeconomicglobalization,thecompetitionintheinformationindustryhasbeenmoreacute.TheissueforCommunicationservicesIndustryofhowtoenhanceitsownoperationefficiencyincompetitionandIdentitytheimprovementdirectionmustbetakenintoconsideration.Throughtheoperationefficiencyanalysis,wecanunderstandthebusinesssituationandthemanagementlevelofenterprises.Basedonexistingliterature,thisarticle,usingtheoutput-orientedDEA-Malmquistindexmod,willevaluatetheefficiencyofthecompaniesinCommunicationservicefromcontinuingoperations.TheDEAtakeeachevaluationunitasadecisionmakingunit,throughacomprehensiveanalysisofthedecisionmakingunitinputandoutputratio,andthendeterminewhetherdecisionunitisDEAefficient,atthesametimepointoutthatthereasonsofnonDEAeffectivedecisionmakingunitsandadjustthedirectionanddegree.ApplyingDEAtoMalmquistindexcalculationprocess,tousepaneldataof2009~2013tocalculatetheTotalFactorProductivity(TFP)andchangesintechnologyandcomprehensiveefficiencychange,tomeasuretheproductivitychangesofDecisionMakingUnitonthetimeseriesnamelythedynamicefficiency.Wecanmakerelevantrecommendationsforimprovementofcommunicationservicesbusinessbasedonanalysisresults.Theresultsshowthatmostenterprise’sscalereturnintheindustryhasbeendecreasingandtheproductivitylevelshowingadescendingtrend.Technicallevelandmanagementlevelhavesignificantlyaffecttheenterprises’productivity.Keyword:Communicationservice;Operationefficiency;DEA;theMalmquistindex-20-20120.404,582.944.381,832.8012,969.0120130.505,630.664.782,789.1815,842.633拓維信息20090.788,718.985.485,900.5514,363.0320100.7611,073.104.976,718.0014,794.3620110.306,620.963.617,986.7117,554.4320120.133,629.212.8812,785.8022,525.6220130.143,957.453.0015,254.3030,913.024掌趣科技20090.121,372.440.30609.203,445.8420100.354,133.481.371,956.165,106.8720110.455,568.671.822,684.089,207.5320120.568,230.005.393,317.8111,286.0920130.0615,361.902.224,923.1718,530.255宜通世紀(jì)20090.503,277.131.506,346.3725,143.5420100.775,049.602.417,032.0428,452.8920110.986,438.203.238,373.1234,884.6120120.417,037.383.409,261.8842,646.0920130.223,853.213.6210,518.5053,758.246匯源通信20090.01141.880.522,094.0629,630.3020100.295,546.530.852,547.3630,160.6820110.101,858.660.962,532.2736,523.2520120.03511.850.992,441.8334,879.7020130.081,461.411.062,439.3834,657.347國脈科技20090.359,312.981.9212,612.2036,648.5620100.2610,307.702.2314,008.5045,625.4620110.1311,540.901.2517,035.6051,020.3220120.087,111.911.3318,837.2041,309.6120130.1310,844.401.4615,670.5010,460.138衛(wèi)士通20090.443,565.194.808,587.0710,546.1720100.496,510.523.438,590.5315,063.5720110.508,649.202.9811,375.5021,789.6420120.131,787.233.0310,387.1013,815.6320130.233,886.143.2511,708.2022,239.149網(wǎng)宿科技20090.553,885.147.813,076.6819,918.1320100.253,827.354.784,438.3426,157.9320110.355,472.175.055,127.7140,265.4820120.6710,374.605.646,744.8456,590.3220131.5323,711.207.2611,650.1073,371.8410華平股份20091.464,388.903.881,981.002,591.2120101.324,840.6620.462,294.903,174.2520110.515,061.318.293,391.793,724.8720120.828,164.499.115,070.684,338.0320130.4710,239.304.566,526.166,364.3311吳通通訊20090.181,810.024.001,695.3014,529.0320100.332,833.344.971,909.9915,008.2620110.753,759.092.851,994.1219,245.8220120.602,091.252.062,212.5620,306.1120130.481,911.352.963,049.0325,827.2912二六三20090.787,034.202.964,537.3415,452.8420100.696,924.908.745,042.6514,075.8420110.597,124.948.936,900.6013,150.3220121.1126,558.005.3710,464.1018,196.6320130.5713,779.105.5219,185.7026,722.0313海格通信20090.8621,194.003.7221,056.8047,776.2320100.8724,113.5012.7824,447.1049,029.4520110.7023,320.7012.8629,533.2050,445.0520120.7926,323.7013.0536,362.2057,898.7520130.4932,619.806.8747,767.2079,666.5914大唐電信20090.135,747.401.1628,659.30249,882.4420100.156,604.461.2132,973.00329,585.0820110.062,477.171.2737,024.40375,845.9020120.2716,889.702.9259,211.60508,242.8620130.2115,561.603.1166,235.90652,917.4515光環(huán)新網(wǎng)20090.702,232.832.291,634.545,443.1220100.793,231.803.521,924.175,458.7020110.924,207.024.442,280.248,922.0420121.215,538.205.483,119.5913,133.2020131.476,726.466.723,522.6017,450.3016富春通信20090.442,216.521.231,126.722,816.3420100.623,104.022.021,463.114,711.4520110.703,502.412.712,013.416,004.0320120.021,947.395.792,291.287,183.6720130.091,144.723.262,663.8712,642.9317杰賽科技20090.664,195.104.029,530.6858,704.1220100.875,562.624.9111,707.3070,458.1020110.457,708.845.5213,847.2093,290.9320120.508,541.605.8815,761.50106,384.5720130.289,698.583.1018,687.60129,166.9418華星創(chuàng)業(yè)20090.832,637.196.432,603.329,231.9520100.503,969.753.613,257.9014,953.5620110.323,793.092.637,716.1733,615.9420120.182,802.152.209,943.1041,582.1020130.366,284.873.078,766.8548,396.1919迪威視訊20090.882,948.263.792,204.657,377.0120100.193,959.294.982,501.6710,042.3620110.432,836.0710.543,369.4812,870.9820120.201,973.117.093,761.1315,014.0620130.03521.523.503,987.6216,144.5920億陽信通20090.238,239.894.0126,410.7047,764.2220100.158,377.242.6628,103.8058,313.1420110.3419,399.203.1136,476.7056,808.0920120.1910,908.203.2738,059.6050,880.2220130.158,431.383.3337,888.9049,595.8521盛路通信20090.554,160.222.343,809.5327,981.2620100.514,405.036.423,728.6929,954.4420110.091,209.354.875,288.4230,104.2720120.08999.214.954,763.1023,607.4420130.03452.574.935,072.8524,332.8722新海宜20090.388,214.762.345,621.7925,581.0520100.6213,913.403.855,444.5133,835.9520110.5118,091.402.808,363.6751,204.1720120.2611,017.102.5112,156.1053,347.4720130.208,535.302.7116,036.2057,668.2623碩貝德20090.161,084.093.611,242.245,094.3720100.352,367.241.522,459.4310,343.7120110.533,671.152.113,325.7816,151.4720120.514,248.005.355,040.4225,889.7220130.343,811.234.716,087.6838,890.0224鵬博士20090.1820,949.101.6316,520.30114,122.5220100.1115,146.602.5217,045.30124,676.0320110.1215,695.002.6422,132.80160,288.5620120.0520,651.702.6933,255.40180,397.9920130.3040,307.203.1116,079.40281,987.1025海能達(dá)20090.426,732.681.0116,612.9038,533.4020100.5911,619.501.8519,092.3055,260.2520110.5914,602.006.5423,334.6068,980.4420120.123,332.776.6830,713.8058,305.3520130.4913,507.107.1135,833.9089,745.1926星網(wǎng)銳捷20090.8110,625.703.2523,986.00101,587.6320100.9013,859.608.8931,003.00117,125.2920110.5117,867.004.9040,230.20155,060.6020120.6422,372.405.2946,989.20152,571.7320130.6823,917.705.7256,146.90176,414.5227數(shù)碼視訊20091.179,812.594.705,503.2411,953.4020101.4514,917.3019.107,722.1611,376.2020110.9120,422.2010.2111,901.6011,144.6420120.8026,769.507.5214,940.8013,367.2020130.4013,676.707.8413,450.4011,128.1128中威電子20090.601,811.174.761,353.481,995.1620101.153,449.472.571,909.332,994.4520111.153,652.4710.783,055.563,718.7020120.764,536.257.883,435.464,974.4920130.131,527.333.974,766.773,986.8129武漢凡谷20090.613,409.533.543,514.3593,703.3720100.3821,341.103.7010,670.0063,116.5720110.2916,046.503.7411,939.5067,796.7920120.073,928.393.5611,323.0085,414.5920130.094,878.983.4911,051.3093,277.5830中天科技20091.0933,498.405.1511,341.90284,654.3620101.3643,691.606.1212,757.70339,930.4120111.0135,236.509.9717,049.40393,672.4320120.6042,120.906.3930,177.70458,109.4520130.7552,653.507.4435,417.90535,067.994.3DEA-Malmquistindex模型分析本文將使用DEAPV2.1軟件對DEA模型進(jìn)行求解。首先計算各個公司基于產(chǎn)出方向的各類效率值及規(guī)模報酬所處的狀態(tài)，具體數(shù)據(jù)詳見表3。計算結(jié)果表明，從通信服務(wù)業(yè)整體來看，企業(yè)的運(yùn)營效率偏低，均值僅為0.708。規(guī)模效率均值為0.832，基本上接近于整體的規(guī)模有效，即通信服務(wù)業(yè)上市公司的運(yùn)營效率偏低上網(wǎng)主要原因在于整體管理水平偏低，資源的投入對效率的影響并不大。30家上市公司中，經(jīng)營效率存在較大的差異性，有10家公司達(dá)到技術(shù)有效狀態(tài)，在非技術(shù)有效的公司中，綜合效率值最小的只有0.242，這說明目前的通信服務(wù)企業(yè)管理尚處于粗放階段，管理水平有待提升。而規(guī)模效率最小值為0.316，最大值已達(dá)到0.994，雖然生產(chǎn)規(guī)模與當(dāng)前的生產(chǎn)力水平不相匹配，但已基本接近規(guī)模有效，所以僅需根據(jù)規(guī)模報酬所處階段進(jìn)行調(diào)整即可。就規(guī)模報酬來看，有14家公司處于規(guī)模報酬遞減階段，12家公司處于規(guī)模報酬不變階段，只有4家公司處于規(guī)模報酬遞增階段，所以企業(yè)不應(yīng)該盲目的增加投入，應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的情況增加或者減少投入，提升市場績效。表3通信服務(wù)業(yè)上市公司運(yùn)營效率及其分解firmcrstevrstescalefirmcrstevrstescale中國聯(lián)通11.0001.0001.000-富春通信161.0001.0001.000-北緯通信21.0001.0001.000-杰賽科技171.0001.0001.000-拓維信息30.4550.4551.000-華星創(chuàng)業(yè)181.0001.0001.000-掌趣科技40.8311.0000.831drs迪威視訊190.4950.7690.643drs宜通世紀(jì)51.0001.0001.000-億陽信通200.2420.4210.575drs匯源通信60.7770.7820.994irs盛路通信210.9771.0000.977drs國脈科技71.0001.0001.000-新海宜220.9361.0000.936drs衛(wèi)士通80.2450.2590.945irs碩貝德230.8891.0000.889drs網(wǎng)宿科技90.8430.8820.956irs鵬博士240.3530.4290.824drs華平股份100.7150.8400.852drs海能達(dá)250.2990.9460.316drs吳通通訊110.5861.0000.586drs星網(wǎng)銳捷260.5420.6270.864irs二六三120.5460.8720.626drs數(shù)碼視訊271.0001.0001.000-海格通信130.2970.7480.397drs中威電子281.0001.0001.000-大唐電信140.2670.6850.389drs武漢凡谷291.0001.0001.000-光環(huán)新網(wǎng)150.3681.0000.368drs中天科技300.5610.5621.000-mean0.7080.8430.832在分析通信服務(wù)業(yè)市公司經(jīng)營是否有效后，發(fā)現(xiàn)整體表現(xiàn)欠佳，缺乏效率?，F(xiàn)在借助Malmquist指數(shù)模型對影響生產(chǎn)效率的原因進(jìn)行探究。模型分析結(jié)果如表4。Malmquist指數(shù)值代表了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的變化趨勢。可以分解為技術(shù)效率變化和技術(shù)變動，而技術(shù)效率變化有可以分解為純技術(shù)效率變化和規(guī)模效率變化。從表4可以看出，從M1到M4時期，四個動態(tài)時期的生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)分別為0.523，0.858，1.121，0.845，生產(chǎn)率呈上升，然后又下降的趨勢。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這四個時期內(nèi)，純技術(shù)效率變動呈先上升后下降然后又上升的趨勢，而技術(shù)進(jìn)步變動呈先上升后下降的趨勢，其中技術(shù)變動依次為0.488，0.744，1.586，0.740，與生產(chǎn)率變動趨勢一致。也就是說，從發(fā)展的整體狀況來看，生產(chǎn)率的變動與技術(shù)進(jìn)步變動密切相關(guān)。在M1時期，生產(chǎn)率率較低的有中國聯(lián)通、北緯通信、掌趣科技和宜通世紀(jì)，主要原因是這些公司經(jīng)營采取保守策略，注重市場份額的保有，忽略了技術(shù)研發(fā)，導(dǎo)致技術(shù)水平落后于整體水平。在M2時期，盛路通信在技術(shù)效率、技術(shù)變動和純技術(shù)效率方面都大幅度下降，直接導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)效率急劇下降。北緯通信、拓維信息在其通信規(guī)模效率下降的情況下，其生產(chǎn)率仍有所提升，這主要原因在于這兩家公司將其經(jīng)營中心轉(zhuǎn)移至企業(yè)管理層素質(zhì)的提升，意在通過管理水平的提升大幅度帶動企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。在M3時期，生產(chǎn)率上升最快的是宜通世紀(jì)，達(dá)到8.831，究其原因，是因?yàn)樵摴静捎昧诵屡d技術(shù)，企業(yè)的技術(shù)發(fā)展帶動了整體生產(chǎn)水平的提升。在同一時期，匯源通信的生產(chǎn)率下降的最嚴(yán)重，從2.513下降到0.299，是因?yàn)樵摴局饕非蠹夹g(shù)進(jìn)步的上升，而同時忽略了技術(shù)效率、純技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模變動。表4通信服務(wù)企業(yè)30家上市公司2009-2013年生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)分解M1：2009.12-2010.12firmeffchtechchpechsechtfpch10.8640.0870.9140.9450.07520.7080.1250.7460.9490.08832.1960.0832.1961.0000.18340.7220.1000.6201.1640.07251.0000.1121.0001.0000.11260.4920.8290.8190.6010.40870.5960.7660.6580.9060.45783.0560.7493.1900.9582.28990.8220.5780.9790.8400.476101.0110.6601.1710.8630.667110.7201.1270.9950.7240.812121.1040.7751.0451.0570.855131.4240.5850.7711.8480.833142.2660.5940.9192.4651.346152.2890.6421.0002.2891.470161.0001.0341.0001.0001.034170.6651.0691.0000.6650.711180.4720.7940.5620.8390.375191.0310.7000.7881.3090.722202.5580.3141.4781.7300.803211.0241.0101.0001.0241.034221.0681.0381.0001.0681.108231.1251.3301.0001.1251.496242.2320.9932.3310.9572.216253.3490.6251.0573.1682.092261.6010.2661.5211.0530.426270.4330.7131.0000.4330.309280.3890.5180.4480.8680.201291.0000.1511.0001.0000.151300.9730.4911.6970.5730.477mean1.0740.4881.0311.0410.523M2:2010.12-2011.12firmeffchtechchpechsechtfpch11.1570.9421.0941.0581.09021.0190.6281.3400.7600.64030.6150.5920.9370.6570.36441.0030.6421.6130.6220.64450.8660.6721.0000.8660.58262.6140.9611.5621.6742.51371.6770.8781.5201.1041.47280.7800.9090.7631.0220.70991.4420.8081.1571.2461.165101.2040.7560.8861.3590.910112.3680.6711.0052.3571.588121.6590.8361.0981.5121.386131.6820.8041.5411.0921.352141.2910.7461.5350.8410.963151.1210.6601.0001.1210.740161.0000.7681.0001.0000.768171.5050.6871.0001.5051.034182.0380.8731.7781.1461.778191.9610.7431.6501.1891.458200.4490.6340.4670.9610.284210.4780.7460.6680.7160.356220.5550.7190.8210.6760.399230.5930.5980.7990.7420.355240.6500.8540.6770.9610.555250.9250.7460.9640.9600.690261.0820.6291.0481.0330.681272.3080.7681.0002.3081.772282.5700.8272.2311.1522.126291.0000.7001.0001.0000.700301.1900.7350.7231.6470.875mean1.1520.7441.0671.0790.858M3:2011.12-2012.12firmeffchtechchpechsechtfpch11.0001.2471.0001.0001.24721.3861.7621.0001.3862.44230.9491.7440.9291.0221.65541.1271.6341.0001.1271.84250.80410.9870.8730.9208.83160.2351.2710.2680.8780.29970.3171.4370.3990.7930.45580.7811.4710.7751.0081.14990.4901.6410.9500.5160.804100.3132.0060.5220.5990.627110.9600.7170.9630.9970.688120.5390.7350.5850.9200.396130.2130.8300.2450.8700.177141.2835.7661.0361.2397.398151.0583.4741.0001.0583.674160.6721.0980.6810.9870.738170.8931.0530.9800.9110.940180.8111.4580.8071.0041.182190.4431.4240.4510.9800.630201.5491.6641.9380.7992.577210.9750.7371.4980.6510.719221.6710.9321.2181.3721.557231.6871.4031.2521.3472.366240.7921.2380.8610.9200.981250.6071.4500.8770.6920.880261.0651.5901.0001.0651.693270.2342.1390.2370.9910.501280.5011.7260.7320.6840.865290.4321.8550.6920.6240.801300.7932.5490.7701.0292.021mean0.7071.5860.7680.9211.121M4:2012.12-2013.12firmeffchtechchpechsechtfpch11.0001.1761.0001.0001.17620.9391.1200.9810.9571.05230.7151.0620.8100.8820.75940.2350.8140.3600.6530.19150.4070.1670.6640.6140.06862.8181.1043.2670.8633.11171.2250.8582.3960.5111.05081.1490.6891.9730.5820.79191.2100.8960.6261.9321.084102.1900.7902.2000.9961.730110.9771.3301.0380.9411.299121.1111.2421.7080.6501.380133.3600.7873.0051.1182.643140.6780.1410.9600.7060.095150.4820.2250.7810.6180.109161.4881.3741.4691.0132.044171.1201.3541.0201.0981.517180.5151.3761.2220.4210.709190.9851.0661.6160.6101.050201.5540.7031.1871.3091.092211.3101.3460.6402.0481.763220.8710.6880.9800.8890.599230.6090.6220.7020.8680.379242.3541.0321.7151.3722.429251.6320.7071.1491.4211.154260.9260.7310.9660.9580.677274.2680.5214.2281.0092.222281.1470.6921.0811.0610.793292.1660.4291.3531.6000.928301.9300.3621.8851.0240.699mean1.1420.7401.2340.9250.845從表5可以看出，生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)均值為0.808，這說明在M1-M4時期，我國通信業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率平均每年下降19.2%。觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一段時間內(nèi)，通信服務(wù)業(yè)上市公司技術(shù)水平有所下降，影響了整體市場運(yùn)營效率。在諸多決策單元中，鵬博士的生產(chǎn)率提升最多，平均每年提升幅度為30.9%，而掌趣科技則出現(xiàn)了下降64.2%的現(xiàn)象，這主要原因在于，其在發(fā)展中忽略了技術(shù)發(fā)展的帶動作用，其技術(shù)水平落后于行業(yè)平均生產(chǎn)力。作為樣本企業(yè)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，聯(lián)通的生產(chǎn)率并不比一些小型上市公司高，這是因?yàn)槁?lián)通為大型國有企業(yè)，習(xí)慣于采取較為保守的經(jīng)營策略，在接納新技術(shù)上存在觀望態(tài)度，導(dǎo)致技術(shù)水平低于行業(yè)平均水平。在這30家上市公司中，只有富春通信、杰賽科技、鵬博士和海能達(dá)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均大于等于1，說明這3家上市公司不但在管理上加大投入，而且還注重技術(shù)研究。表5通信服務(wù)業(yè)30家上市公司平均生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)分解firmeffch技術(shù)效率techch技術(shù)進(jìn)步pech純技術(shù)效率sech規(guī)模效率tfpch全要素生產(chǎn)率中國聯(lián)通11.0000.5891.0001.0000.589北緯通信20.9840.6270.9950.9890.617拓維信息30.9780.5501.1150.8770.538掌趣科技40.6620.5410.7740.8550.358宜通世紀(jì)50.7300.6090.8730.8360.445匯源通信60.9611.0281.0290.9340.988國脈科技70.7890.9540.9890.7980.753衛(wèi)士通81.2100.9111.3890.8711.102網(wǎng)宿科技90.9160.9100.9061.0110.834華平股份100.9550.9431.0450.9150.901吳通通訊111.1250.9211.0001.1251.036二六三121.0230.8771.0350.9890.897海格通信131.1450.7440.9671.1840.852大唐電信141.2630.7741.0881.1600.978光環(huán)新網(wǎng)151.0700.7590.9401.1380.812富春通信161.0001.0461.0001.0001.046杰賽科技171.0001.0121.0001.0001.012華星創(chuàng)業(yè)180.7961.0860.9970.7990.864迪威視訊190.9690.9430.9870.9820.913億陽信通201.2890.6941.1231.1480.895盛路通信210.8890.9300.8940.9940.827新海宜220.9640.8320.9950.9690.801碩貝德230.9100.9130.9150.9940.831鵬博士241.2831.0201.2361.0381.309海能達(dá)251.3230.8311.0071.3151.100星網(wǎng)銳捷261.1430.6641.1141.0260.759數(shù)碼視訊271.0000.8841.0001.0000.884中威電子280.8710.8460.9430.9230.736武漢凡谷290.9830.5390.9841.0000.530中天科技301.1540.7601.1550.9990.877mean1.0000.8081.0110.9890.808第五章結(jié)論和建議通過選取評價指標(biāo)體系，對30家通信服企業(yè)上市公司連續(xù)五年的運(yùn)營數(shù)據(jù)采用DEA-Malmquist指數(shù)模型分析，可以分析出影響企業(yè)運(yùn)營效率的因素，本章節(jié)根據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)分析得出一些結(jié)論，然后針對企業(yè)運(yùn)營狀況提出相關(guān)改進(jìn)建議。5.1主要結(jié)論本文采用DEA-Malmquist指數(shù)模型，并將全要素生產(chǎn)率變化分解為技術(shù)效率變化、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、純技術(shù)效率變化和規(guī)模效率變化，研究了通信服務(wù)業(yè)30家上市公司的動態(tài)效率變化情況及其變化原因。研究的主要結(jié)論如下：通過靜態(tài)DEA分析結(jié)果表明，通信服務(wù)業(yè)大多數(shù)企業(yè)的規(guī)模效益在0.9左右，接近于規(guī)模有效，在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)公司的發(fā)展情況，有計劃地加大或者減少投入，尋求最佳組合，獲取最大的收益，避免投入冗余或者產(chǎn)出不足的情況發(fā)生，提高企業(yè)整體的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。匯源通信、富春通信、杰賽科技、華星創(chuàng)業(yè)和鵬博士的技術(shù)進(jìn)步指數(shù)大于1，說明這5家上市公司注重技術(shù)的投入研發(fā)，但是在這5家上市公司中，技術(shù)效率均不大于1，所以TFP的增長主要是依靠技術(shù)進(jìn)步來支撐，甚至匯源通信和華星創(chuàng)業(yè)的技術(shù)效率的降低阻礙了生產(chǎn)率的增長。衛(wèi)士通、吳通通訊、二六三、海格通信、大唐電信、光環(huán)新網(wǎng)、億陽信通、鵬博士、海能達(dá)、星網(wǎng)銳捷和中天科技的技術(shù)效率指數(shù)均大于1，說明這些公司的相對技術(shù)效率提高，與最優(yōu)決策單元的差距在縮小。這幾家公司中除了鵬博士，其余的公司的技術(shù)都在退步。通信服務(wù)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平呈增長態(tài)勢，從上述分析可知，雖然在不同時期，企業(yè)的平均生產(chǎn)率水平有所波動，但波動幅度很小，整體上呈增長態(tài)勢，各個企業(yè)選擇地生產(chǎn)規(guī)?；九c當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)力水平相適應(yīng)。由于企業(yè)選擇地生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、管理水平以及是否采納先進(jìn)技術(shù)均會對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)生影響。所以企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)改變傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)營觀念，選擇先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、引進(jìn)高級管理人才，使得企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平得以提升。技術(shù)水平、管理水平成為影響通信服務(wù)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率提升的主要原因，通過靜態(tài)分析可知，通信服務(wù)業(yè)上市公司經(jīng)營無效率的主要原因是技術(shù)水平較低，而經(jīng)過動態(tài)分析，管理水平低影響著生產(chǎn)力水平，同時，技術(shù)水平的變動也對企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提升產(chǎn)生重大影響。所以對于通信服務(wù)企業(yè)，應(yīng)該合理配置企業(yè)各項(xiàng)資源，提升管理人員的能力與素質(zhì)，發(fā)掘有潛力的管理人才；增設(shè)研發(fā)部門，注重企業(yè)自有研發(fā)能力的提升，從而同時提升技術(shù)水平與管理水平，使得生產(chǎn)率大幅度替提升。5.2對策建議衛(wèi)士通、吳通通訊、富春通信、杰賽科技、鵬博士、海能達(dá)的生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)都大于1，平均每年都在提升，這些公司應(yīng)該根據(jù)自身發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，在保持生產(chǎn)率水平不下降的情況下，提升技術(shù)效率或者加大技術(shù)進(jìn)步，來進(jìn)一步提升生產(chǎn)率水平。北緯通信、拓維信息、掌趣科技、宜通世紀(jì)、網(wǎng)宿科技、華平股份、迪威視訊、盛路通信、新海宜、碩貝德、中威電子和武漢凡谷12家公司中，技術(shù)效率和技術(shù)變動均小于1，而且掌趣科技的生產(chǎn)率水平最低，平均每年下降64.2%，這些上市公司應(yīng)該加大技術(shù)研究的投入，同時應(yīng)該提高公司的管理水平，從而提升生產(chǎn)率水平。北緯通信、拓維信息、掌趣科技、宜通世紀(jì)、匯源通信、國脈科技、衛(wèi)士通、華平股份、華星創(chuàng)業(yè)、迪威視訊、盛路通信、新海宜、碩貝德、中威電子和中天科技的規(guī)模效率均小于，這些公司應(yīng)該開拓創(chuàng)新，提高市場規(guī)模，形成規(guī)模效應(yīng)，提高效率。匯源通信、衛(wèi)士通、網(wǎng)宿科技和星網(wǎng)銳捷，這4家公司規(guī)模報酬呈上升趨勢，即如果增加投入，企業(yè)的產(chǎn)出會隨之增加。所以這幾家公司可以有計劃地逐步加大投入，獲取最大的利益。而其余的公司規(guī)模報酬不變或者規(guī)模報酬遞減的，應(yīng)該尋求最佳的生產(chǎn)組合，避免投入冗余，提高企業(yè)整體的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。技術(shù)變動和管理因素都會影響生產(chǎn)率，對于采取保守經(jīng)營策略的公司，應(yīng)當(dāng)加大研發(fā)投入，提升企業(yè)的技術(shù)水平，同時應(yīng)該引進(jìn)管理人才，提升企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率。結(jié)束語隨著我國通信業(yè)改革的深入和通信業(yè)全球化趨勢的加劇，我國通信企業(yè)的發(fā)展彼此競爭激烈，通信企業(yè)只有不斷