【模擬試卷】上海上海中學(xué)2020屆高三英語模擬試卷及答案

2020年上海中學(xué)高三英語模擬練習(xí)GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TodaytheStatueofLibertyisabelovedlandmark.It1(tower)aboveoftheharborofNewYorkandislovinglycaredforbytheNationalParkService.ManythousandsofvisitorswhovisitLibertyIslandeachyearmightneversuspectthatgettingthestatue2(build)wasalongslowstruggle.Morethanacenturyago,it3(be)thecelebrationoffreedomandthecommemorationofthefriendshipbetweenAmericaandFrancethatinspiredsculptorAugusteBartholdiandfinallyhewentforwardwithdesigningthepotentialstatueandpromotingtheideaofbuildingit.However,moneywassobigaproblem4washauntingthetwogovernmentsfromthebeginningtotheend.DonationsforthebuildingofthestatuefirstbegancominginthroughoutFrancein1875.Numerouspeoplegavedonations.Acoppercompanydonatedthecoppersheetsthatwouldbeusedtofashiontheskinofthestatue.Variousdonationswerehelpful,5thecostofthestatuekeptrising.6(face)withashortfallofmoney,theFrench-AmericanUnionheldalottery.MerchantsinParisdonatedprizes,andticketsweresold.Thelotterywasasuccess,butmoremoneywasstillneeded.ThesculptorBartholdieventuallysoldminiatureversionsofthestatue,7thenameofthebuyerengravedonthem.Finally,inJuly1880theFrench-AmericanUnionannouncedthatenoughmoneyhadbeenraisedtocompletethebuildingofthestatue.WhiletheFrenchhadannouncedthatthefundsforthestatueswereinplacein1880,bylate1882theAmericandonations,whichwouldbeneededtobuildthepedestal,weresadlylagging.ThesculptorBartholdihadtravelledtoAmericain1871topromotetheideaofthestatue.DespiteBartholdi,sefforts,theideaofthestatuewasdifficult8(sell).somenewspapers,mostnotablytheNewYorkTimes,oftencriticizedthestatueasfolly,andvehementlyopposed9(spend)anymoneyonit.ThenewspaperpublisherJosephPulitzer,whohadpurchasedaNewYorkCitydaily,TheWorld,intheearly1880s,tookusthecauseofthestatue,spedestal.Hemountedanenergeticfunddrive,promisingtoprintthenameofeachdonor,10smallthedonation,Pulitzer,saudaciousplanworked,andmillionsofpeoplearoundthecountrybegandonatingwhatevertheycould.InAugust1885,thatfinal$100,000forthestatue;spedestalhadbeenraised.Constructionworkonthestonestructurecontinued,andthenextyeartheStatueofLiberty,whichhadarrivedfromFrancepackedincrated,waserectedontop.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.AlertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposeG.LabelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsk.simplyLet,ssayyou,vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfood11atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally12yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn,tit?Thisiswherea“choicearchitect”canhelp13someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket-includingwhichshelfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup-isachoicearchitect.Governmentsdon,thaveto14healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect一onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoosewith15hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called“trafficlightsystem”to16foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains17bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight18thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe19;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin20.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe,vejustwatchedorbookswe,vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple—21—.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe22dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho,sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult23situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural24,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally25issues.Dunbar26thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenat

theearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon,tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar- 27,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe28ofthehigherprimateslikemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor29fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar30thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe31itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto32thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe33tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore34kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one35contact.21.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language

21.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.languageA.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originallyA.socialA.admirersA.vitalA.confirmsB.politicalB.mastersB.sensitiverejectsC.historicalusersC.idealA.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originallyA.socialA.admirersA.vitalA.confirmsB.politicalB.mastersB.sensitiverejectsC.historicalusersC.idealC.outlinesD.culturalwastersD.difficultD.broadensA.forinstanceA.motivationA.attackA.recallsA.prospectA.measureA.savedA.commonA.indirectinadditionB.appearanceonthecontraryC.emotionB.contactC.inspectionB.deniesB.responsibilityB.showB.extendedB.efficientdailyconcludesC.leadershipmaintainC.consumedC.scientificC.physicalasaresultD.behaviorD.assistanceD.confessesD.protectionD.easeD.gainedD.thoughtfulD.secretSectionB（每題2分，共40分）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ATheteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappens,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.Manigault,thewifeofmymother'sbrotherBill.Shetaughtmeinsecondgradeatall-blackSummerSchoolinCamden,NewJersey.Duringmychildhoodandyouth,AuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotential,withoutregardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceandpronounceditgood.Icouldn,tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatre-notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathome,buttheywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI,llneverforgetthejoyofdiscoveringDonMarquis,sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa“youthcolumnist”.Mycolumn,begunwhenIwasfourteen,wassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities-anditdid-butitalsogavemethefreedomtowriteonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterial,thedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines,and,aftergraduationfromcollegesixyearslater,asolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmypassporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher“favouriteniece”.Likeadiamond,shehasreflectedabright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouth?Shelenthersomeseriousclassics.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.WhatdoesArchy&MehitabelinParagraph3probablyreferto?Abookofgreatfun.Awriterofhighfame.Aseriousmasterpiece.Aheartbreakingplay.AuntMyrtlerecommendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto.develophercapabilitiesforwritinggiveherachancetocollectmaterialinvolveherinteenagesocialactivitiesofferheraseriesofwritingjobsWecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho.trainedpupilstobediligentandwell-disciplinedgavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotentialemphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupilshelpedpupilsovercomedifficultiesinlearning(B)HumpbackWhalesHumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback”,whichisthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale,sbackformsasitdives.Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopofthehead.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metresabovethewater.Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,anduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesame.Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex“songs”.QuickFactsSize14m-18minlength30-50tonsinweight

LivingOpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewatersEnvironmentFromwarmtropicalwaters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,wheretheyeatDietShellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsizeHuntingSometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewater,blowingbubblesthatforma“net”aroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.CurrentstateEndangered:itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpbackwhalesworldwideAccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhalecannotsurviveinwatersneartheshoreDoesn,tliveinthesamewatersallthetimelivesmainlyonunderwaterplantspreferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfoodTomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewatertwistitsbodysidewaystojumphighblowtwostreamsofwatercommunicatewithagroupofhumpbacksFromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukeshasblackandwhitefingerprintsgetsitsnamefromthewayithuntsisagreatperformerduetoitssongs(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualrealitydevice.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman.“AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner,spants,”shesaid.“That,sthepictureIrememberbest.”Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson,sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised(同步的)movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson,sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople,sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebiasthathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon,tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeoplesassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipantsbiasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou,veputyourselfinanother,sshoes,you,relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,”saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone.”Theword“swapping”(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.buildingexchangingC.controllingD.transplantingWecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperiencewecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesparticipantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperimentTheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexesIntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismtheyscoredloweronthetestforracismtheychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallytheyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethemItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsvirtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantlySectionCVariousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.47Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdorfthavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.48Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses. 49 Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.50Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation——asalltheaccumulatingevidencehasnowdocumented.A.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.B.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.C.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments.F.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.IV51.SummaryWritingSociologistshavelongrecognizedthatorganizationoflessthan200individualscanoperatethroughthefreeflowofinformationamongthemembers.Oncetheirsizegoesbeyondthisfigure,theorganizationsaregettinglessflexible.Soitseemsnecessarytopreventtotaldisorderresultingfromfailuresofcommunication.Onesolutiontothisproblemwould,ofcourse,betostructurelargeorganizationsintosmallerunitsofasizethatcanactasagroup.Byallowingthesegroupstobuildrelianceoneachother,largerorganizationscanbebuiltup.However,merelyhavinggroupsof,say,150willneverofitselfbeacompletesolutiontotheproblemsoftheorganization.Somethingelseisneeded:thepeopleinvolvedmustbeabletobuilddirectpersonalrelationships.Toallowfreeflowofinformation,theyhavetobeabletocommunicatewitheachotherinacasualway.Maintainingtooformalastructureofrelationshipsinevitablypreventsthewayasystemworks.The