GPS靜態(tài)測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告

GPS靜態(tài)測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告GPS靜態(tài)測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告姓名：姚佩超專業(yè)：測(cè)繪工程學(xué)號(hào)：20101350022實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容：GPS靜態(tài)測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間：2013.06.09——2013.06.30指導(dǎo)老師：趙好好王永弟孫景領(lǐng)組別：2010級(jí)測(cè)繪工程（1）班2組南京信息工程大學(xué)遙感學(xué)院2013年7月1日星期一目錄一、實(shí)習(xí)目的 3二、實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備和組織安排 3實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn)： 3實(shí)習(xí)儀器： 3實(shí)習(xí)分組： 4三、測(cè)區(qū)概況 4四、施測(cè)過程 5測(cè)前 5測(cè)中 5測(cè)后 6六、實(shí)習(xí)成果 61項(xiàng)目屬性 71.1坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng) 71.2解算數(shù)據(jù) 72觀測(cè)文件 83基線解算 93.1基線成果 93.2重復(fù)基線檢查 143.3同步環(huán)檢查 153.4異步環(huán)檢查 164平差結(jié)果 174.1WGS84自由網(wǎng)平差結(jié)果 17七、實(shí)習(xí)心得 20八、附錄 20技術(shù)規(guī)范： 20多而林立有序，多為低層建筑物，建筑物之間間距較大，不致影響GPS信號(hào)接收。四、施測(cè)過程測(cè)前（1）點(diǎn)之記的制作整個(gè)測(cè)區(qū)共有10個(gè)GPS控制點(diǎn)，均勻地分布在校區(qū)內(nèi)，東苑5個(gè)，中苑2個(gè)，西苑3個(gè)。通過翻閱資料我們自己制作了一張表格，用于記錄個(gè)GPS點(diǎn)的位置和周邊情況（見附錄）。（2）網(wǎng)型設(shè)計(jì)GPS網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是在保證質(zhì)量的前提下，盡可能地提高效率，努力降低成本。因此，在進(jìn)行GPS的設(shè)計(jì)和測(cè)量時(shí)，既不能脫離實(shí)際的應(yīng)用需求，盲目地最求不必要的高精度和高可靠性；也不能為追求高效率和低成本，而放棄對(duì)質(zhì)量的要求。由于我們組有4臺(tái)GPS儀考慮到效率和精度，我們組決定使用4邊網(wǎng)的形式，網(wǎng)型設(shè)計(jì)草圖如圖所示（圖1）測(cè)量順序按照如圖的（1）——（2）——（3）——（4）——（5）順序進(jìn)行，連接方式采用網(wǎng)連式，搬站方式采取。這樣保證了有8個(gè)點(diǎn)有2——4次的重復(fù)設(shè)站，保證了網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性和精確度，同時(shí)按照這樣的設(shè)站順序也提高了效率，降低了時(shí)間。圖1網(wǎng)形設(shè)計(jì)草圖測(cè)中外業(yè)測(cè)量時(shí)間定為6月10日。12個(gè)人再分為4個(gè)小組，周偉、董燕、顧望清為一組，錢輝，韓京，周珊珊為一組，甄旋，王亮，張曉雅為一組，姚佩超，張振秋，柯立為一組，分別負(fù)責(zé)一臺(tái)儀器，4個(gè)小組統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，組內(nèi)分工明確。組內(nèi)一人負(fù)責(zé)儀器開關(guān)及操縱，另外兩人負(fù)責(zé)測(cè)量儀器高、表格記錄、組組之間的聯(lián)絡(luò)等任務(wù)。儀器在測(cè)量時(shí)間至少確保有一個(gè)人在照看儀器。每組之間提前確定好開關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)間，統(tǒng)一開關(guān)機(jī)，讓儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)同步聯(lián)測(cè)，并且各組之間保持聯(lián)絡(luò)隨時(shí)通報(bào)儀器情況，以免出現(xiàn)個(gè)別儀器出現(xiàn)問題或者弄錯(cuò)時(shí)間等。測(cè)量分5個(gè)時(shí)段分別測(cè)量5個(gè)四邊形，每個(gè)時(shí)段測(cè)量45分鐘，這5個(gè)時(shí)段分別為六月十四日：14：05——15：05，15：50——17：00，17：40——18：40，17：05——18：05；六月十五日：16：40——17：40。測(cè)后（1）導(dǎo)出GPS機(jī)上的數(shù)據(jù)，并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行初步處理：=1\*GB3①對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)頭文件進(jìn)行點(diǎn)號(hào)的處理（中海達(dá)海星達(dá)系列的GPS機(jī)生成的是.GNS格式的數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)文件名前4位代表的是點(diǎn)號(hào)，利用軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理的時(shí)候有幾個(gè)不同的頭文件名就顯示幾個(gè)點(diǎn)），按照不同點(diǎn)號(hào)順序修改數(shù)據(jù)頭文件名（前4個(gè)字母、數(shù)字或者下劃線）；=2\*GB3②對(duì)個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件輸入儀器高（GPS機(jī)每次開關(guān)機(jī)進(jìn)行一次測(cè)量就生成一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件，生成的數(shù)據(jù)文件是沒有儀器高的數(shù)據(jù)值記錄的，因此需要通過雙擊數(shù)據(jù)文件進(jìn)行儀器高的輸入）。=3\*GB3③將初步處理好的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到HDS2003數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件中，并對(duì)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)，天線管理，基線處理設(shè)置等進(jìn)行設(shè)置，檢查網(wǎng)圖是否正確。=4\*GB3④進(jìn)行基線解算，并檢查是否有錯(cuò)誤。=5\*GB3⑤進(jìn)行網(wǎng)評(píng)差，并查看網(wǎng)評(píng)差報(bào)告，檢查是否有錯(cuò)誤。=6\*GB3⑥導(dǎo)出網(wǎng)圖，網(wǎng)評(píng)差報(bào)告等處理結(jié)果。六、實(shí)習(xí)成果

1項(xiàng)目屬性項(xiàng)目名稱:GPS項(xiàng)目單位:2010級(jí)測(cè)繪工程責(zé)任人:姚佩超開始日期:6月14號(hào)結(jié)束日期:6月十五號(hào)描述:1.1坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)系名稱:default1橢球:北京54橢球長半軸:6378245橢球扁率倒數(shù):298.3格網(wǎng)文件:投影方法:Guass3中央經(jīng)線:114:00:00.00000E中央緯度:000:00:00.00000N原始緯度:000:00:00.00000N比例系數(shù):1投影面高程(m):0第一緯度:000:00:00.00000N第二緯度:000:00:00.00000N北向加常數(shù)(m):0東向加常數(shù)(m):5000001.2解算數(shù)據(jù)觀測(cè)文件總數(shù):15站點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù):9形成基線總條數(shù):15形成重復(fù)條數(shù):1合格:1不合格:0形成同步環(huán)個(gè)數(shù):5合格:1不合格:4形成異步環(huán)個(gè)數(shù):2合格:2不合格:02觀測(cè)文件觀測(cè)文件采樣間隔(s)開始時(shí)間：結(jié)束時(shí)間：觀測(cè)時(shí)長站點(diǎn)名天線高(m)接收機(jī)編號(hào)：_5481650.GNS52013/6/1414:5:552013/6/1415:8:2001:02:25NG040.04902001548_5481651.GNS52013/6/1415:50:102013/6/1416:59:501:08:55NG040.04902001548_5481652.GNS52013/6/1417:40:102013/6/1418:38:2500:58:15NG080.04902001548_5481653.GNS52013/6/1419:4:402013/6/1420:10:5001:06:10NG090.04902001548_5481660.GNS52013/6/1516:37:302013/6/1517:43:2501:05:55NG030.04902001548_5981650.GNS52013/6/1414:4:402013/6/1415:6:5001:02:10NG020.04902001598_5981651.GNS52013/6/1415:50:202013/6/1417:2:3501:12:15NG060.04902001598_5981652.GNS52013/6/1417:42:152013/6/1418:40:4000:58:25NG060.04902001598_5981653.GNS52013/6/1419:7:152013/6/1420:5:5000:58:35NG070.04902001598_5981660.GNS52013/6/1516:39:252013/6/1517:42:4501:03:20NG070.04902001598_6671651.GNS52013/6/1414:4:502013/6/1415:8:3501:03:45NG010.04902001667_6671652.GNS52013/6/1415:50:552013/6/1417:0:001:09:05NG010.04902001667_6671653.GNS52013/6/1417:39:102013/6/1419:5:1501:26:05NG100.04902001667_6671654.GNS52013/6/1419:8:102013/6/1420:7:3000:59:20NG100.04902001667_6671660.GNS52013/6/1516:35:02013/6/1517:40:3501:05:35NG040.049020016673基線解算3.1基線成果_5981650.zsd-_6671651.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-258.259034.4820-230.4525347.84357.1L1浮動(dòng)解-258.219134.4605-230.5082347.84867.1L1固定解3.1-258.213734.4829-230.4901347.834811.50.71.0_5481660.zsd-_6671660.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-366.0703-83.7033-156.9397406.99366.9L1浮動(dòng)解-366.2192-83.7493-156.9670407.147511.6L1固定解2.0-366.0739-83.7433-156.9673407.015715.81.42.2_5481660.zsd-_5981660.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-852.0290-675.3125283.64571123.59047.3L1浮動(dòng)解-852.0575-675.3284283.61861123.61479.9L1固定解2.2-851.9845-675.3251283.61751123.557112.31.11.7_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解117.5358298.1657-319.9771452.88286.4L1浮動(dòng)解117.5379298.2097-319.9529452.89527.0L1固定解6.1117.5083298.2439-319.9339452.89668.30.70.9_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解117.4425298.2547-319.9066452.86738.2L1浮動(dòng)解117.5470298.2845-319.9055452.913311.2L1固定解2.9117.5107298.2700-319.9227452.906515.11.01.2_5481650.zsd-_5981650.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解375.7569263.7877-89.4058467.72926.8L1浮動(dòng)解375.7050263.7533-89.4376467.67429.0L1固定解6.7375.7294263.7763-89.4340467.706110.70.71.0_5481651.zsd-_5981651.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-446.0525-362.7055160.9945597.02387.8L1浮動(dòng)解-445.9813-362.6595160.9964596.943110.8L1固定解4.4-446.0289-362.6655161.0007596.983512.20.80.9_5981651.zsd-_6671652.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解563.5464660.9082-480.9151992.80587.5L1浮動(dòng)解563.5240660.9272-480.9236992.809910.2L1固定解3.9563.5368660.9313-480.9251992.820710.70.70.9_5981652.zsd-_6671653.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-597.6721-443.6003162.6638761.87447.3L1浮動(dòng)解-597.7000-443.6636162.6221761.92438.2L1固定解7.1-597.6552-443.6372162.6402761.87769.20.50.6_5981660.zsd-_6671660.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解485.9445591.5950-440.5969883.31897.7L1浮動(dòng)解485.8733591.5827-440.5879883.26709.4L1固定解9.0485.9142591.5775-440.5909883.287610.00.81.2_5981653.zsd-_6671654.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-557.7939-214.9147-117.0613609.11889.3L1浮動(dòng)解-557.7738-214.7798-116.9639609.034113.1L1固定解3.5-557.7410-214.7884-116.9763609.009416.61.11.9_5481652.zsd-_5981652.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解336.2016202.7370-18.2245393.02156.8L1浮動(dòng)解336.2390202.8068-18.1792393.08758.0L1固定解5.8336.1889202.7909-18.1893393.03688.90.60.6_5481652.zsd-_6671653.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-261.4334-240.8272144.4586383.68407.6L1浮動(dòng)解-261.4784-240.8586144.4430383.72867.6L1固定解5.8-261.4666-240.8448144.4515383.71518.10.50.5_5481653.zsd-_5981653.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解367.8204119.4514110.4114402.18309.2L1浮動(dòng)解367.7239119.2382110.3026402.001613.9L1固定解2.3367.7115119.2109110.2881401.978119.41.41.8_5481653.zsd-_6671654.zsdRatioDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)RMS(mm)平面精度高程精度(mm)L1三差解-190.0364-95.7194-6.7604212.88909.5L1浮動(dòng)解-190.0448-95.5641-6.6815212.824211.1L1固定解4.4-190.0304-95.5793-6.6945212.818613.20.70.93.2重復(fù)基線檢查名稱質(zhì)量檢查dX(mm)dY(mm)dZ(mm)長度較差(mm)平均邊長(m)長度較差限差(mm)相對(duì)誤差基線RatioRMS(m)DX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)NG01-NG04(最差)合格2.426.111.29.9452.901528.31:45728_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsd6.10.0083117.5083298.2439-319.9339452.8966_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsd2.90.0151117.5107298.27-319.9227452.90653.3同步環(huán)檢查名稱質(zhì)量檢查WX(mm)WY(mm)WZ(mm)WS(mm)環(huán)總長(m)分量限差(mm)總限差(mm)環(huán)總長相對(duì)精度(ppm)基線RatioRMS(m)DX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)NG01-NG02-NG04-1(最差)不合格7.415.39.819.61268.443.56.015.45_5981650.zsd-_6671651.zsd3.10.0115-258.213734.4829-230.4901347.8348_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsd6.10.0083117.5083298.2439-319.9339452.8966_5481650.zsd-_5981650.zsd6.70.0107375.7294263.7763-89.434467.7061NG03-NG04-NG07-1不合格-3.64.36.18.32413.863.56.03.44_5481660.zsd-_6671660.zsd20.0158-366.0739-83.7433-156.9673407.0157_5481660.zsd-_5981660.zsd2.20.0123-851.9845-675.3251283.61751123.5571_5981660.zsd-_6671660.zsd90.01485.9142591.5775-440.5909883.2876NG01-NG04-NG06-1不合格2.74.31.75.42042.713.56.02.62_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsd2.90.0151117.5107298.27-319.9227452.9065_5481651.zsd-_5981651.zsd4.40.0122-446.0289-362.6655161.0007596.9835_5981651.zsd-_6671652.zsd3.90.0107563.5368660.9313-480.9251992.8207NG06-NG08-NG10-1合格0.3-1.5-0.61.71538.633.56.01.09_5981652.zsd-_6671653.zsd7.10.0092-597.6552-443.6372162.6402761.8776_5481652.zsd-_5981652.zsd5.80.0089336.1889202.7909-18.1893393.0368_5481652.zsd-_6671653.zsd5.80.0081-261.4666-240.8448144.4515383.7151NG07-NG09-NG10-1不合格0.91.86.36.61223.813.56.05.38_5981653.zsd-_6671654.zsd3.50.0166-557.741-214.7884-116.9763609.0094_5481653.zsd-_5981653.zsd2.30.0194367.7115119.2109110.2881401.9781_5481653.zsd-_6671654.zsd4.40.0132-190.0304-95.5793-6.6945212.81863.4異步環(huán)檢查名稱質(zhì)量檢查WX(mm)WY(mm)WZ(mm)WS(mm)環(huán)總長(m)分量限差(mm)總限差(mm)環(huán)總長相對(duì)精度(ppm)基線RatioRMS(m)DX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)長度(m)NG01-NG02-NG04-1合格5.1-10.9-1.412.11268.4552.090.19.52_5981650.zsd-_6671651.zsd3.10.0115-258.213734.4829-230.4901347.8348_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsd2.90.0151117.5107298.27-319.9227452.9065_5481650.zsd-_5981650.zsd6.70.0107375.7294263.7763-89.434467.7061NG01-NG04-NG06-1(最差)合格0.4-21.9-9.523.82042.7052.190.211.67_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsd6.10.0083117.5083298.2439-319.9339452.8966_5481651.zsd-_5981651.zsd4.40.0122-446.0289-362.6655161.0007596.9835_5981651.zsd-_6671652.zsd3.90.0107563.5368660.9313-480.9251992.82074平差結(jié)果4.1WGS84自由網(wǎng)平差結(jié)果基線條數(shù):15平差點(diǎn)數(shù):9基線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差置信度(松弛因子):10.00σTau檢驗(yàn)顯著水平:1.00%單位權(quán)中誤差比:1.2435x2檢驗(yàn)值:26.1141x2理論范圍:8.0336-41.4011x2檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果:True4.1.1平差后的基線及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差基線名TauDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)中誤差(mm)長度(m)相對(duì)誤差_5981650.zsd-_6671651.zsd是-258.211534.4857-230.488210.4347.83231:33605_5481660.zsd-_6671660.zsd是-366.0779-83.7325-156.956919.2407.01311:21148_5481660.zsd-_5981660.zsd是-851.9821-675.3318283.611318.41123.55771:61199_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsd是117.5049298.2339-319.94037.7452.89361:58702_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsd是117.5097298.2861-319.91787.7452.91341:58705_5481650.zsd-_5981650.zsd是375.7313263.7787-89.432510.4467.70871:45007_5481651.zsd-_5981651.zsd是-446.0352-362.6486161.00449.1596.97891:65503_5981651.zsd-_6671652.zsd是563.5394660.9262-480.92589.4992.81911:105853_5981652.zsd-_6671653.zsd是-597.6558-443.6309162.64106.8761.87461:112177_5981660.zsd-_6671660.zsd是485.9114591.5908-440.580511.4883.28981:77774_5981653.zsd-_6671654.zsd是-557.7218-214.8150-116.987812.4609.00341:49004_5481652.zsd-_5981652.zsd是336.1894202.7865-18.19007.2393.03511:54901_5481652.zsd-_6671653.zsd是-261.4670-240.8414144.45236.9383.71341:55653_5481653.zsd-_5981653.zsd是367.6976119.2323110.302914.6401.97581:27566_5481653.zsd-_6671654.zsd是-190.0260-95.5863-6.697411.3212.81791:187574.1.2基線改正數(shù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差基線名TauTau限差(mm)VDX(mm)VDY(mm)VDZ(mm)中誤差_VDX(mm)中誤差_VDY(mm)中誤差_VDZ(mm)中誤差(mm)_5981650.zsd-_6671651.zsd是30.02.12.81.83.66.14.98.7_5481660.zsd-_6671660.zsd是30.0-4.010.810.312.110.615.322.2_5481660.zsd-_5981660.zsd是30.22.4-6.7-6.27.56.68.513.1_5481650.zsd-_6671651.zsd是30.0-3.4-10.0-6.43.77.76.210.5_5481651.zsd-_6671652.zsd是30.0-1.016.14.89.710.86.415.8_5481650.zsd-_5981650.zsd是30.01.92.41.63.86.35.29.0_5481651.zsd-_5981651.zsd是30.1-6.317.03.76.76.94.110.4_5981651.zsd-_6671652.zsd是30.12.5-5.1-0.65.05.93.18.3_5981652.zsd-_6671653.zsd是30.1-0.66.30.82.74.02.85.6_5981660.zsd-_6671660.zsd是30.1-2.813.310.44.46.09.111.8_5981653.zsd-_6671654.zsd是30.119.2-26.6-11.413.611.59.720.3_5481652.zsd-_5981652.zsd是30.00.5-4.3-0.72.64.12.85.6_5481652.zsd-_6671653.zsd是30.0-0.43.50.72.23.32.64.7_5481653.zsd-_5981653.zsd是30.0-13.921.514.88.011.314.920.4_5481653.zsd-_6671654.zsd是30.04.4-7.0-2.94.03.81.85.84.1.3自由網(wǎng)平差坐標(biāo)站點(diǎn)名BLH(m)中誤差_B(mm)中誤差_L(mm)中誤差_H(mm)中誤差(mm)NG01032:12:02