2021屆通用版高考英語二輪語法鞏固《名詞性從句》專題講練學(xué)案

高考英語二輪語法鞏固-《名詞性從句》專題講練【正誤比對(duì)】誤區(qū)之一連接代詞之間的誤用【誤】Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhosharesherinterests.【正】Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.[分析]who改為whoever。從句sharesherinterests缺少主語,故用whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句并作從句主語。句意:Sarah希望跟與自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。誤區(qū)之二連接副詞之間的誤用【誤】Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandhowtheyinsistongoingbymotorbike.【正】Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandwhytheyinsistongoingbymotorbike.[分析]how改為why。句意:路上有積雪。我不理解他們?yōu)楹螆?jiān)持騎摩托車去。根據(jù)句意可知用why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。誤區(qū)之三名詞性從句中that與what之間的誤用(1)【誤】Thatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.【正】Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.[分析]That改為What。主語從句缺少主語,故用what引導(dǎo)主語從句并作從句的主語。句意:什么原因?qū)е铝诉@次事故仍完全是一個(gè)謎。(2)【誤】Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofthatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.【正】Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.[分析]that改為what。賓語從句中謂語need缺少賓語,故用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并作從句賓語。句意:購物前,我先列出孩子們對(duì)于即將到來的季節(jié)所需要的東西。誤區(qū)之四從屬連詞that/whether/if以及連接副詞之間的誤用(1)【誤】Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtisthatmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.【正】Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.[分析]that改為whether。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知,不確定的應(yīng)是是否能很快恢復(fù)過來,故that改為whether。句意:醫(yī)生真正不確定的是我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。(2)【誤】Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseewhenitgotanybetter.【正】Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeif/whetheritgotanybetter.[分析]when改為if/whether。根據(jù)句意“起初他討厭這個(gè)新工作,但決定給自己幾個(gè)月時(shí)間看看是否能感覺好點(diǎn)”可知用whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(3)【誤】Itisdoubtfulthattheworkcanbecompletedontime.【正】Itisdoubtfulwhethertheworkcanbecompletedontime.[分析]that改為whether。在主語從句、同位語從句和表語從句中,要使用whether表示“是否”。誤區(qū)之五同位語從句和定語從句的誤用(1)【誤】Informationhasbeenputforwardwhenmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversitiesthisyear.【正】Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversitiesthisyear.[分析]when改為that。句意:有消息說,今年更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生將進(jìn)入大學(xué)。此句是一個(gè)分隔性同位語從句,從句句意完整,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(2)【誤】Thefactwhichthiscountryspendsmoreonitsmilitarythanoneducationandhealthcarecombinedisaseriousandworryingthought.【正】Thefactthatthiscountryspendsmoreonitsmilitarythanoneducationandhealthcarecombinedisaseriousandworryingthought.[分析]which改為that。句意:這個(gè)國家在軍隊(duì)上的投入超過教育和健康醫(yī)療投入的總和,這一事實(shí)很嚴(yán)重也很令人擔(dān)憂。分析句式可知,從句句意完整,因此不是定語從句,故不能使用which。此處是that引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)同位語從句,具體解釋說明fact的內(nèi)容?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】考點(diǎn)一that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句規(guī)則1that引導(dǎo)的主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句連詞that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)本身沒有意義,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何句子成分,但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)不能省略。在賓語從句中有時(shí)可省略。①AsIsearchedthenameLindaontheInternet,itbecameevidentthatthere'retwowiththesamenamewholookcompletelydifferent.當(dāng)我在網(wǎng)上搜索Linda這個(gè)名字的時(shí)候,很顯然有兩個(gè)看著完全不同但姓名相同的人。(主語從句)②Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。(表語從句)③IfinditnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有必要花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語口語。(賓語從句)[溫馨提示]●that從句作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,常見的句型有:①It+be+名詞詞組(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that從句。②It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that從句。③It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句?！癯Ｒ姷目梢越觮hat(that可以省略)從句作賓語的動(dòng)詞有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式賓語。規(guī)則2that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等后,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,that只起引導(dǎo)作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,但一般不能省略。①Thegovernmentgavetheorderthatallthesehouses(should)bepulleddowninthreeweeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。②Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人?？键c(diǎn)二who,why,how,where,when等引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語。能接以上詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞很多,常見的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。①Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.簡漫無目的地沿著林蔭大道走著,不知道要去哪里。(賓語從句)②Somestudentsevenhavenoideaofwhytheyarestudying,sotheywastemuchtimeplaying.有些學(xué)生甚至不知道他們?yōu)槭裁磳W(xué)習(xí),所以他們浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間來玩。(賓語從句)考點(diǎn)三whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether和if在賓語從句中經(jīng)常可以互換,在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)一般用whether不用if。此外,與or或ornot連用以及從句作介詞賓語時(shí)只能用whether而不用if。①Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我擔(dān)心他是否能熬過這次疾病危機(jī)。(介詞后的賓語從句中,不可用if代替whether)②Itremainstobeseenwhetherhecangetoverthedifficulty.是否他能克服困難還有待觀察。(主語從句,不可用if代替whether)③Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.她問我是否已將那些書還給了圖書館,我承認(rèn)沒還。(賓語從句,可用if代替whether)考點(diǎn)四what,wh-ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),意為“什么”或“……的”,在從句中用來作主語、賓語、表語或定語。wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),其作用等同于其前面的連接詞,意為“任何……”或“無論……”,含有強(qiáng)調(diào)的語氣。①Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年,在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人都會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。(主語從句)②Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.(賓語從句)我們之所以選擇這家酒店,是因?yàn)檫@里的價(jià)格低至20美元一晚,是過去收費(fèi)的一半。【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】【單句語法填空】1.Hisfavouritefoodisfriedsnacksandsoftdrinks.Itisnosurpriselosingweightisjusthisdream.

2.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.

3.Nowitoccurredtohimhisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.

4.Thepracticalsuggestioncamefromtherepresentativesthenewrulebeadopted.

5.Theywouldappreciateit,tobefrank,thegoodscouldbedeliveredassoonaspossible.

6.Recently,anewresearchhassuggestedthepossibilityinapopularmagazinepleasantsmellsmightreducepain.

7.MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding,andthat'sIdon'tagree.

8.Itisobviousthelocalgovernmentcandotoprotecttheenvironmentforthefuturegenerations.

9.Theproblemisonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.

10.Thefatherandhissongotlostinthemountainandtheyhadtoeatfoodtheycouldfindthere.

11.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecannotprepareforit.

12.Successpartiallydependsonyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.

13.Toourastonishment,wesawalightandsomepeopleinacabin.JimwastoofrightenedtogoonbutIfeltcurious,wonderingwashappening.

14.Finally,keepinmindtherearemanythingsthatcan'tbelearntimmediately,andneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.

15.Withanoptimisticattitudeandastrongwill,wecanovercomedifficultieswemightmeetwithandachieveourgoals.

16.Recently,Iaskedhergavehertheconfidencetokeepchallengingthestatusquo(現(xiàn)狀).

17.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.

18.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

【單句改錯(cuò)】1.Hispromisewhichhewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear'sincometothedisabledturnedouttobealie.2.Intelligence,perseveranceandconfidencearethatittakestomakeagoodscientist.3.Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited.4.Attheeveningpartythehostsaidwhowasabletosolvetheriddlecouldgetanicepresentasareward.5.WhetherwewilldoistoleaveanotetotellMumwewillbebacklate.6.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.7.Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.【語篇語法填空】InsouthernPortugal,scientistsfromtheUniversityofEdinburghhaverecentlyfoundsomefossil(化石)remainsofa1.(previous)unknownspecies(物種)ofacrocodile-like“supersalamander”.

Thespeciescouldgrowuptosixfeetin2.(long).Itlivedinlakesandrivers.Itwaspartofawidergroupofprimitiveamphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物)3.werewidespreadatthetimebutdiedoutintheend.Theyaretheancestorsofmodernamphibianssuchasfrogs.Theyarebelievedbyscientists4.(live)atthesametimethedinosaursbegantheirrule.

SteveBrusatteledthestudy.Hesaidthenewspecieshad5.(hundred)ofsharpteeth.Itlookssom