2023年高考復習閱讀理解滿分考點1-細節(jié)理解之直接信息-練模擬-熟能生巧（教師版）

2023年高考復習閱讀理解滿分考點

考點L-細節(jié)理解之直接信息--練模擬--熱能生15

1.【云南省師范大學附屬中學2022屆高三高考適應性月考卷（十）】

Itiscommontoseeabarista（咖1網(wǎng)即市）createcoffeeart,butitisawholedifferentsituationdoingthesame

thingwithtea.HanZheminghasmanagedtoperfecttheskill,creatingteaartincups,ordianchainChinese,

whichusedtobearitual（儀式）duringtheSongDynasty.

Overthepastsixyears,the40-year-oldHanhasusedteaandspoonstocreatenearly200patternsbasedon

ancientpaintings.€tItislikeaddingbellsandwhistlestoteaandgivingpeopleastrongersenseofoccasion,so

drinkingteaismorefirn,“Hansays.Actually,itishisintentionthatbringstheoldritualbacktomodemlifeand

hasmorepeopleappreciateitscharm.Dianchaenhancesthetasteoftea."Itissimilartothefoamontopofacup

ofcoffee,exceptthatitismadeoftearatherthanHansays.

ChineseteaculturestartedtoenjoypopularityduringtheTangDynastyandboomedthroughouttheSong

Dynasty."Fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,teaisjustlikeotherabsolutelynecessaryitems,suchas

rice,oilandsalt,^^saidWangAnshi,aSongpoliticianandthinker.

DifferentfromthemethodofmakingteaduringtheTangperiod,intheSongDynasty,thepopularwayof

makingteawasthroughdiancha.Theprocessbeginswithhotwaterbeingpouredoverfinepowderedteacreating

apaste（漿糊）,thenmorehotwaterisslowlyaddedastheteaisconstantlywhisked（攪拌）byhandwitha

bamboostick.

Theactionofpouringhotwaterslowlyiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,whichwaslistedasan

intangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,Jiangsuprovince,in2019.Itisbelievedthatthis

methodlaterspreadtootherpartsofEastAsia,includingJapan,wheresimilaritiescanbeseeninthewaymatcha

ispreparedtoday.

4.WhydidHanuseteaandspoonstodiancha?

A.Toperfecthispaintingskills.B.Tomaketeadrinkingcomplicated.

C.Torealizehisdreamofbeingabarista.D.Torestoreamazingtraditionalcustoms.

5.WhatdidWangAnshisayabouttea?

A.Itcouldbeeasilyseeninthestreet.B.Itssharedeffectswithriceandsalt.

C.Itwasmerelypopularamongtherich.D.Itwasanecessityforalmosteveryone.

6.Whichstepaccountsforthenameofdiancha?

A.Pouringhotwaterslowly.B.Preparingfinepowderedtea.

C.Usingabamboosticktowhisk.D.Creatingapastewithcoldwater.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Creatingcoffeeartincups.B.SpreadingChineseteaculturetoJapan.

C.Bringingteaculturebacktomodemlife.D.TheintroductiontodianchaintheTangDynasty.

【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的點茶文化。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句"ActuaHy,itishisintentionthatbringstheoldritualbacktomodernlife

andhasmorepeopleappreciateitscharm.正是他的用意，將古老的儀式帶回現(xiàn)代生活，讓更多人領

略它的魅力。）可知，其實，他是想把這個古老的儀式帶到現(xiàn)代生活中，讓更多的人欣賞它的魅力。D項“To

restoreamazingtraditionalcustoms.”（恢復令人驚嘆的傳統(tǒng)習俗。）符合原文表述，故選D項。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的第二句"Fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,teaisjustlikeother

absolutelynecessaryitems,suchasrice,oilandsalt,saidWangAnshi,aSongpoliticianandthinker.“（宋代政》臺

家、思想家王安石說：“從貴族學者到平民百姓，茶就像米、油、鹽等其他絕對必需品一樣?！保┛芍?，從貴

族、學者到平民百姓，茶就像米、油、鹽一樣，是不可或缺的物品。D項“Itwasanecessityforalmost

everyone."（這幾乎是每個人的必需品。）符合原文表述，故選D項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段“Theactionofpouringhotwaterslowlyiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,

whichwaslistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,Jiangsuprovince,in

2019.”（慢慢倒熱水的動作叫“點”，故名“點茶”，2019年被列為江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市潤州區(qū)非物質文化遺產。）可知，

慢慢倒熱水的動作叫“點茶A項"Pouringhotwaterslowly.”（慢慢倒入熱水。）符合原文表述，故選A項。

7.主旨大意題。瀏覽全文可知，本文主要介紹韓哲明把宋朝時期興盛的點茶文化融入到現(xiàn)代城市生活中。

C項“Bringingteaculturebacktomodemlife.”（讓茶文化回歸現(xiàn)代生活。）符合本文主旨，故選C項。

B

2.【海南省瓊海市嘉積中學2021-2022學年高三下學期第四次模擬】

Chinadroppedisdecades-long,one-childpolicyseveralyearsagotoalloweachfamilytohavetwo

children.Thischangehasput270millionmarriedwomenofchildbearingageinthepositionofchoosingbetween

familyandwork.Theemployersalsofacebigchallengesasmorefemaleworkerswillhavetwomaternityleaves

（產假）foratotalofseventoeightmonths.

InasurveypublishedbyclassifiedadvertisingwebsiteG,careerwomenwhomightbeconsidering

havingasecondchildwereaskedwhatkindsofpressuretheymightexpect.Morethan76percentofthewomen

whowerequestionedmentionedconcernsaboutthefinancialburdenofraisingtwochildren,whilemorethan71

percentsaiditwouldbedifficulttobalancecareerandfamily.Inaddition,nearly56percentsaidthathavinga

secondchildwoulddefinitelyhaveanegativeeffectontheircareer.

AnothersurveyconductedbyCfoundthatover70

percentofjobseekersbelievethathavingasecondchildwouldmakefemaleslesspopularinthejobmarket,

althoughtwo-thirdsoftheemployerssaidthepolicywillmakenodifferenceintheiremploymentofstaff.

FengLijuan,,aleadingChinesejobfindingplatform,said

shewouldnotsay“thereisprejudiceagainstcareerwomen."FengsaidChinesewomenshouldermorefamily

responsibility.uItisnotonlyaboutmaternityleave;afemaleemployeemightonlyfullygetbacktoworkafter

threetofiveyearsafterhavingherfirstchild.”

WangYixin,asenioremploymentadviser,saidthepositivesideisthatmorecompaniesaretryingtoattract

moretalentsbyprovidingsupporttocareerwomen.''Differentfrombefore,itisnotonlyemployerschoosing

employees.Manytalents,includingprofessionalcareerwomen,alsochoseemployers.^^saidWang."Accordingto

oursurvey,manylargecompaniesareveryopentotheiremployees*choiceofhavingasecondchild.^^

8.Accordingtothesecondsurvey,havingasecondchildwould.

A.havenoeffectoncareerwomen

B.haveanegativeeffectoncareerwomen

C.haveapositiveeffectoncareerwomen

D.havebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoncareerwomen

9.Accordingthefirstsurvey,whatarewomenconcernedaboutwhenhavingtwochildren?

?Financialburdenofraisingtwochildren

②Feweropportunitiestogetapayrise

?Negativeeffectsontheircareer

?Difficultyinbalancingcareerandfamily

A.①②③B.②③④C.?@@D.①②④

10.Womenemployeestakelongertimetoconcentrateonworkafterchildbirthbecause..

A.thereismoreprejudiceagainstcareerwomen

B.theyshouldermorefamilyresponsibility

C.theyhavelongermaternityleavestoenjoy

D.havingasecondchildmakesthemlesspopular

11.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EffectsofTwo-childPolicyonWomen

B.DisadvantagesofRaisingTwoChildren

C.ResponsibilitiesofCareerWomen

D.DifferentattitudesofEmployerstoWomen

【答案】8.B9.CIO.Bll.A

【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了“二胎政策''放開后，生育二胎對女性員工帶來的影響。一個

網(wǎng)站的調查認為考慮生二胎的職業(yè)女性可能會面臨各種各樣的壓力，另一個網(wǎng)站的調查認為生育二孩將會

使女性在職場上更不受歡迎。此外，文章也講述了積極樂觀的一面：許多大公司也非常歡迎生育二胎的女

性員工。

8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段AnothersurveyconductedbyChongging-basedhumanresourceswebsitejob.eg.qq.

comfoundthatover70percentofjobseekersbelievethathavingasecondchildwouldmakefemaleslesspopular

inthejobmarket,althoughtwo-thirdsoftheemployerssaidthepolicywillmakenodifferenceintheir

employmentofstaff.另一項由重慶人力資源網(wǎng)站進行的調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管三分之二的雇主認

為二孩政策不會對員工的就業(yè)產生影響，但超過70%的求職者認為二孩政策會使女性在就業(yè)市場上不那么

受歡迎。可知，生二胎會對職業(yè)女性產生負面影響。故選B項。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Morethan76percentofthewomenwhowerequestionedmentionedconcerns

aboutthefinancialburdenofraisingtwochildren,whilemorethan71percentsaiditwouldbedifficulttobalance

careerandfamily.Inaddition,nearly56percentsaidthathavingasecondchildwoulddefinitelyhaveanegative

effectontheircareer.在接受調查的女性中，超過76%的人提到了撫養(yǎng)兩個孩子所帶來的經(jīng)濟負擔，而超過

71%的人表示很難在事業(yè)和家庭之間找到平衡。此外，近56%的人表示，生二胎肯定會對他們的職業(yè)生涯

產生負面影響?？芍?，生育兩個孩子的職業(yè)女性關注的是：養(yǎng)育兩個孩子的經(jīng)濟負擔；平衡工作和家庭的

困難以及再生一個孩子對她們事業(yè)的影響。故選c項。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中FengsaidChinesewomenshouldermorefamilyresponsibility.44Itisnot

onlyaboutmaternityleave;afemaleemployeemightonlyfullygetbacktoworkafterthreetofiveyearsafter

havingherfirstchild”馮說，中國女性承擔了更多的家庭責任?！斑@不僅僅是產假的問題；女性員工可能要

在生完第一個孩子三到五年后才能完全重返工作崗位?！笨芍毠ば枰^長時間集中在工作上是因為

她們肩負著更多的家庭責任。故選B項。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Thischangehasput270millionmarriedwomenofchildbearingageinthe

positionofchoosingbetweenfamilyandwork.Theemployersalsofacebigchallengesasmorefemaleworkers

willhavetwomaternityleaves（產假）foratotalofseventoeightmonths.這一變化使2.7億育齡已婚婦女面臨

著家庭和工作之間的選擇。雇主們也面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，因為越來越多的女性員工將有兩段產假，總共7

到8個月?？芍?，本段是本文的主題段，主要討論了"二孩政策''放開后，生育二胎對女性員工帶來的影響。

選項A“二胎政策對女性的影響”是最佳標題。故選A項。

3.【2022屆湖北省武漢市高三五月模擬試題（二）】

WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhewas11,thingschanged.That's

whenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitectureinstead.

“Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEforKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer.

NowFordhopestoinspirethesameinterestinotheryoungpeople.Lastyear,helaunchedhisown

architectureprogramforkidsaged10to17.Buthisprogramhasanunexpectedfeature.Campersbasetheir

designsonhip-hoplyrics.

Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresentedcommunities.4tOnly3%of

architectsareAfricanAmerican,hesaid."Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparksandpublicspaces,haveall

beendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnowstarttoexperiencespace

fromatotallynewperspective.^^

FordcallshisprogramtheHipHopArchitectureCamp.Theone-weekcampisofferedtostudentsaroundthe

country.Atthecamp,studentslistentoandreadthelyricsofhip-hopsongs.Thentheyusesomeofthoselyricsto

guidetheminplanningacityblock.Ongraphpaper,eachsquarerepresentsaword.StudentsbuildwithLegoon

eachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllables（音節(jié)）ineachword.Intheend,theyhavewhatlookslikeacity

skyline.KidsthenuseadesignprogramcalledTinkercadtotransformtheirLegomodelsinto3Ddigitalversions.

Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmorethanjustconstruction."The

architecfsNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays."Architectureplaysacriticalroleindeterminingor

challenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.^^

4.WhatmadeFordchangehisdreamofbeingacar-designer?

A.Participationinaprogram.B.Lackoftalentforcar-designing.

C.Desireforamorepromisingcareer.D.Conversationwitharchitecturedesigners.

5.WhatisFord'sarchitectureprogramaimedat?

A.Appealingtoyoungpeople.B.Popularizinghip-popmusic.

C.Promotingdiversityinthefield.D.Connectingmusicwitharchitecture.

6.Ifyouheard"beautifUl”,howmanyblockswouldyouuseonthesquare?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

7.What'sFord'sopinionaboutarchitecture?

A.Itdetenninespeople'sneeds.B.Itinfluencespeople'slifestyles.

C.Itisjustaboutbuildingthings.D.Itisaboutaddingmorebuildings.

【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B

【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。主要講的是當邁克?福特還是個孩子的時候，他夢想成為一名汽車設計師。但

當他11歲時，一切都變了。就在那時，他參加了一個汽車設計項目，最后卻學習了建筑學。并且他認為

建筑在決定或挑戰(zhàn)人們在特定社區(qū)的生活方式方面發(fā)揮著關鍵作用。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一，二段"WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhe

was11,thingschanged.That'swhenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitecture

instead.Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEforKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer."（當邁克?福特還是個孩子的時候，他夢想成為一名汽車設計師。但當他11歲時、

一切都變了。就在那時，他參加了一個汽車設計項目，最后卻學習了建筑學。他告訴《兒童時代》：“作為

一個年輕人，我很幸運地與那個暑期項目的負責人進行了一些交談?！迸c那里的設計師交談激發(fā)了福特對

建筑的興趣。他繼續(xù)追求它作為一種職業(yè)。）可知，與建筑設計師對話讓福特改變了他成為汽車設計師的

夢想。故選D項。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresented

communities."Only3%ofarchitectsareAfricanAmerican,hesaid.“Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparks

andpublicspaces,haveallbeendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnow

starttoexperiencespacefromatotallynewperspective.’”'（福特的目標是激勵新?代的建筑師，他們來自被低

估的社區(qū)。“只有3%的建筑師是非裔美國人，”他說?！拔覀兇蠖鄶?shù)的建筑、公園和公共空間都是由白人男

性設計的。如果我們能增加多樣性，整個世界將開始從一個全新的角度來體驗空間?！埃┛芍?，福特的建

筑項目的目的是促進該領域的多樣性。故選C項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“StudentsbuildwithLegooneachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllablesin

eachword."（學生們根據(jù)每個單詞的音節(jié)數(shù)在每個方格上用樂高積木。）可知，如果你聽到“beautifu『為三

音節(jié)單詞，你會在廣場上用3塊積木。故選C項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmore

thanjustconstruction.t4Thearchitect'sNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays.^Architectureplaysa

criticalroleindetenniningorchallenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.”"（福特認為這種方法可以幫

助露營者了解到建筑不僅僅是建筑?！敖ㄖ煹氖滓ぷ魇欠沼谌藗兊男枨螅彼f?！敖ㄖ跊Q定或挑戰(zhàn)

人們在特定社區(qū)的生活方式方面發(fā)揮著關鍵作用.可知，福特對建筑的看法是它影響人們的生活方式。

故選B項。

4.【2022屆湖北省荊州中學等四校高三模擬聯(lián)考（三）】

EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofourcountry'spersistentproblems:garbage

andpoverty.It'scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisasking

afavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthantossyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturn

themintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.

ChipeatersdropofftheiremptybagsfromDoritos,Lay's,andotherfavoritesattwolocationsinDetroit:a

printshopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheysanitizethechip

bagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.Theyusepaddingandliners

fromoldcoatstolinetheinsides.

Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300chipbags,dependingon

whetherthey'resingle-serveorfamilysize.Theresultisasleepingbagthatis''waterprooflightweight,andeasy

tocarryaround,OleitatoldtheDetroitNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmore

than800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.

Sure,somepeoplebelieveitwouldbesimplertohelpthehomelessbyraisingmoneytobuynewsleeping

bags.Butthat'sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita-whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecade

agowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife——andherfellowvolunteers.4€Wearededicatedtomakinganimpact

notonlysocially,butenvironmentally,shesays.

And,ofcourse,there9sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwouldotherwiselandinthetrashandusing

themtohelpthehomeless.Ifsapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengohandin

hand.AsOleitatold,44Ithinkit'stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues?,

4.WhafsOleita'ssolutiontotheproblemofgarbageandpoverty?

A.Talkingpeopleoutofeatingchips.

B.Conductinggarbageclassification.

C.Buyingsleepingbagsforthehomeless.

D.Recyclingchipbagstomakesleepingbags.

5.Whichwordbelowcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“sanitize”inPara.2?

A.Clean.B.Displace.

C.Classify.D.Analyze.

6.WhichstatementbestdescribesthesleepingbagsmadebytheChipBagProject?

A.Costlyandtime-consuming.B.Complexandfireproof.

C.Functionalandlight.D.Fancyandenvironmentallyfriendly.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Environmentalprotectioncomesfirst.

B.Povertyresultsinenvironmentalissues.

C.Garbageandpovertycouldbedealtwithtogether.

D.Thehomelessshouldhelpeachotherhandinhand.

【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位年輕的美國女孩通過回收薯條包裝袋來制作睡袋，幫助無家

可歸者并保護環(huán)境的故事。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的首句"EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofour

country'spersistentproblems:garbageandpoverty.（厄拉杰雷?奧萊塔認為她或許能部分解決我們國家兩個長

期存在的問題：垃圾和貧困）”和尾句"Ratherthantossyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshe

canturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.（與其把你的空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出去，這

樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋）”可知，Oleita通過回收薯片袋來制作睡袋來解決垃圾和貧困問

題。故選D。

5.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“insoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.

（在肥皂熱水中，他們把它們切開，平鋪，再把它們熨燙在一起）”及常識可知，把薯片袋放在肥皂熱水中，

應該是為了清理和消毒。由此推知，劃線詞sanitize與clean意思接近。故選A。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresultisasleepingbagthatiswaterproof,lightweight,andeasytocarry

around.（其結果是一種防水、輕便、便于攜帶的睡袋）“可知，這種睡袋既實用又輕便。故選C。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后?段中的"It'sapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengo

handinhand.AsOleitatold,Ithinkit'stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues.（這

有力地提醒我們，環(huán)境不公往往與貧困相伴而行。正如Oleita告訴網(wǎng)站的那樣，我認為是

時候展示所有這些問題之間的聯(lián)系了）''可推知，垃圾問題和貧苦問題是密不可分，可以同時解決的。故選

Co

5.【2022屆廣東省六校聯(lián)盟高三下學期第六次聯(lián)考】

Noisecreatedbyhumans,suchascartraffic,quietedbyabout30%betweenlateMarchandearlyMay,2020,

whenGovernorGregAbbottclosedschoolsandrestaurantsacrossTexas,accordingtoanalysisbyresearchersat

SouthernMethodistUniversity（SMU）.

“Therewasquiteabigchangeinsomeareas,"saidStephenArrowsmith,aseismologistatSMU,whotook

ontheprojectwithaclassofundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Arrowsmithandhisstudentslookedatdata

fromadozenseismometers（地震儀）acrossNorthTexas.Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyare

sensitivetojustabouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,construction

andtraffic.

TheideaofusingseismometerstotrackurbannoisegainedpopularitylastMarchwhenBelgianseismologist

ThomasLecocqpostedsomeofhisurbannoisedatafromBrusselsonTwitter.Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatory

ofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiasticresponsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup"Lockdown

Seismology^^online.4€Ifswhereboredseismologistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogether,Arrowsmithjoked.

Arrowsmithhopeshisfindingswillcontributetoagrowinglistofcreativewaysinwhichresearchersare

usingseismometers.Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelpinvestigatorssolve

crimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsininvestigating

accidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.Onepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetterunderstandthe

shallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities."Thatcouldbeusefulinplaceswherethere?sarealseismichazard（風險），

likeSanFranciscoorLosAngeles,9,hesaid,44wherejustknowingwhatthatshallowstructureistellsyoualot

abouthowitwouldrespondinabigearthquake.,,

8.HowdotheresearchersobtainthedataofnoiseinTexas?

A.Byobservingcartraffic.B.Bysurveyingtheirstudents.

C.Byconsultingthegovernor.D.ByemployingSeismometers.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vibrate“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.BreakB.Freeze

C.ShakeD.Dry

10.WhatisadirectresultofLecocq'spostingsomeofhisurbannoisedata?

A.Seismologistsareattracted.B.Earthquakedetectionisimproved.

C.Urbannoiseisreduced.D.Crimeinvestigationissimplified.

11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningtheseismometer?

A.Itspossiblerisks.B.Itspotentialapplications.

C.Itsappealtothepublic.D.Itsmarketvalue.

【答案】8.D9.CIO.All.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地質學家Arrowsmith利用地震儀發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市噪音減弱的現(xiàn)象。

8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Therewasquiteabigchangeinsomeareas,saidStephenArrowsmith,a

seismologistatSMU,whotookontheprojectwithaclassofundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Arrowsmith

andhisstudentslookedatdatafromadozenseismometers（地震儀）acrossNorthTexas."（在某些領域發(fā)生了相當

大的變化，SMU的地震學家斯蒂芬?阿羅史密斯（StephenArrowsmith）說，他與一群本科生和研究生一起

承擔了這個項目。阿羅史密斯和他的學生們查看了來自德克薩斯州北部的十幾個地震儀的數(shù)據(jù)。）可知，史

密斯和他的學生是在地震儀中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)。D項“ByemployingSeismometers.”（通過使用地震儀。）符合原文

表述，故選D項。

9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyaresensitivetojust

abouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic."（地

震儀用于檢測地震，但它們對幾乎所有使地面vibrate的事物都很敏感，例如強風、海浪、建筑和交通。）

中的“suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic."可知，它們的共性都是使地面震動，可以推

測“vibrate”可能是“震動”的意思。C項“Shake”（搖動）符合猜測，故選C項。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatoryofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiastic

responsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup"LockdownSeismology,,online."It'swherebored

seismologistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogether,9,Arrowsmithjoked."（比利時皇家天文臺的Lecocq收到了

科學家們如此熱烈的回應，以至于他在網(wǎng)上發(fā)起了“鎖定地震學”小組?！斑@是世界各地無聊的地震學家一起

工作的地方，“阿羅史密斯開玩笑說。）可知，他發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)引起了地震學家們的注意。A項“Seismologistsare

attracted.”（地震學家很感興趣。）符合原文表述，故選A項。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelp

investigatorssolvecrimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsin

investigatingaccidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.Onepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetter

understandtheshallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities."（在他的課程中，阿羅史密斯教授學生利用地震臺站幫助

調查人員解決犯罪問題，如恐怖爆炸，幫助科學家跟蹤核試驗或協(xié)助檢查員調查事故，如化工廠爆炸。他

的研究的一個潛在應用是更好地了解城市下方的地球淺層。）可知，這主要是講解了地震儀的潛在應用。B

項“Itspotentialapplications."（它的潛在應用。）符合段落大意，故選B項。

6.【2022屆廣東省廣州市高考考前綜合訓練（三模）】

Thetop-sellingalbum（唱片）SongsoftheHumpbackWhalewasreleasedin1970.Thiscollectionofnature

recordingschangedthewaymanypeoplethoughtaboutwhalesandeventuallyhelpedsavethousandsofwhales'

lives.

Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforasoundengineernamedFrankWatlington.In

the1960s,Watlingtonwasmakingunderwaterrecordingswhenhenoticedsomestrange,deepsounds,whichhe

realizedwerecomingfromwhales.

WatlingtonplayedtherecordingsforapairofbiologistsnamedRogerandKatyPayne.Whentheylistened,

theywereinstantlyhookedonthebeautyofthewhales'voices.

KatyPaynestudiedmusicaswellasbiology,andshewasamazedbyhowthewhalescommunicatelikean

operasinger.Shealsonoticedanotherinterestingdetail:theyhadrecognizablepatterns.Inbiologyterms,an

animalcallwitharepeatingpatterniscalledasong.Thesongsofwhalesaresocomplexthatsomescientistshave

evencomparedthemtocomposersandpoets.

ThePaynesthoughtthatotherpeopleneededtohearthebeautyofthewhales'songs,soRogerorganizedthe

recordingsintoanalbum.Atthetimewhenthealbumcameout,whaleswereoftenhuntedandtradedfbrmoney

andsomewhalespeciesweredyingout.Mostpeoplehadneverthoughtofwhalesascreaturesthatcould

communicatethroughsongs.Butafterhearingthealbum,manypeoplebegantothinkdifferently.

ThealbumledpeopletostarttheSavetheWhalesmovement.Musiciansbeganusingwhalesongsintheir

music,andwhaleswereincludedinmoviesandtelevisionshows.In1982,thedeep-seawhalingwasbanned.

Beforetheban,morethan50,000whalesperyearwerekilled.Afterit,thenumberwentdownbelow2,000.

Itmightseemincrediblethatjustonealbumcouldhelpsavethelivesofsomanywhales.Butthis

one-of-a-kindalbumrevealedsecretslonghiddenbeneaththewavesandallowedtheseamazingcreaturesto

finallysharetheirsongswiththehumanworld.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletosavewhales.B.Toprovethatwhalesarebomsingers.

C.Toexplainhowagoodalbumwasmade.D.Tointroduceapopularalbumanditsstories.

5.Whofirstfoundthespecialvoicesofthewhales?

A.Asongrecorder.B.Anoperasinger.

C.Asoundengineer.D.Apairofbiologists.

6.WhatsurprisedKatyPayneaboutthewhales?

A.Theycouldtalkwithscientists.B.Theycouldsinglikeanoperasinger.

C.Theycouldrepeatinterestingsounds.D.Theycouldcommunicatethroughsongs.

7.Whichisoneofthevaluesofthealbum?

A.Itsuccessfullystoppeddeep-seawhaling.B.Ithelpedpeopleunderstandwhalesbetter.

C.Itmadesomemusicandmoviestarspopular.D.Itencouragedmusicianstoworkwithscientists.

【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一張名為《座頭鯨之歌》唱片，這種唱片拯救了許多鯨魚的生命。

4.推理判斷題。文章第一段引出《座頭鯨之歌》唱片；第二至五段介紹該唱片的由來；第六段介紹該唱

片的一大價值，即引導人們開始拯救鯨魚；最后一段總結全文。所以文章的目的就是介紹《座頭鯨之歌》

唱片及其背后的故事。故選D項。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforasound

engineernamedFrankWatlington."（要不是音響師弗蘭克?沃特林頓，這張唱片就不可能被制作出來。）可知，

是一名音響師發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯨魚特殊的聲音。故選C項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句"KatyPaynestudiedmusicaswellasbiology,andshewasamazedbyhow

thewhalescommunicatelikeanoperasinger.”（凱蒂?佩恩學習音樂和生物學，她對鯨魚像歌劇演員一樣交流

感到驚訝。）可知，凱蒂?佩恩感到驚訝的是，鯨魚像歌劇演員一樣交流，也就是通過歌聲來交流。故選D

項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句"T