2023年高考復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解滿分考點(diǎn)1-細(xì)節(jié)理解之直接信息-練模擬-熟能生巧（教師版）

2023年高考復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解滿分考點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)L-細(xì)節(jié)理解之直接信息--練模擬--熱能生15

1.【云南省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022屆高三高考適應(yīng)性月考卷（十）】

Itiscommontoseeabarista（咖1網(wǎng)即市）createcoffeeart,butitisawholedifferentsituationdoingthesame

thingwithtea.HanZheminghasmanagedtoperfecttheskill,creatingteaartincups,ordianchainChinese,

whichusedtobearitual（儀式）duringtheSongDynasty.

Overthepastsixyears,the40-year-oldHanhasusedteaandspoonstocreatenearly200patternsbasedon

ancientpaintings.€tItislikeaddingbellsandwhistlestoteaandgivingpeopleastrongersenseofoccasion,so

drinkingteaismorefirn,“Hansays.Actually,itishisintentionthatbringstheoldritualbacktomodemlifeand

hasmorepeopleappreciateitscharm.Dianchaenhancesthetasteoftea."Itissimilartothefoamontopofacup

ofcoffee,exceptthatitismadeoftearatherthanHansays.

ChineseteaculturestartedtoenjoypopularityduringtheTangDynastyandboomedthroughouttheSong

Dynasty."Fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,teaisjustlikeotherabsolutelynecessaryitems,suchas

rice,oilandsalt,^^saidWangAnshi,aSongpoliticianandthinker.

DifferentfromthemethodofmakingteaduringtheTangperiod,intheSongDynasty,thepopularwayof

makingteawasthroughdiancha.Theprocessbeginswithhotwaterbeingpouredoverfinepowderedteacreating

apaste（漿糊）,thenmorehotwaterisslowlyaddedastheteaisconstantlywhisked（攪拌）byhandwitha

bamboostick.

Theactionofpouringhotwaterslowlyiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,whichwaslistedasan

intangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,Jiangsuprovince,in2019.Itisbelievedthatthis

methodlaterspreadtootherpartsofEastAsia,includingJapan,wheresimilaritiescanbeseeninthewaymatcha

ispreparedtoday.

4.WhydidHanuseteaandspoonstodiancha?

A.Toperfecthispaintingskills.B.Tomaketeadrinkingcomplicated.

C.Torealizehisdreamofbeingabarista.D.Torestoreamazingtraditionalcustoms.

5.WhatdidWangAnshisayabouttea?

A.Itcouldbeeasilyseeninthestreet.B.Itssharedeffectswithriceandsalt.

C.Itwasmerelypopularamongtherich.D.Itwasanecessityforalmosteveryone.

6.Whichstepaccountsforthenameofdiancha?

A.Pouringhotwaterslowly.B.Preparingfinepowderedtea.

C.Usingabamboosticktowhisk.D.Creatingapastewithcoldwater.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Creatingcoffeeartincups.B.SpreadingChineseteaculturetoJapan.

C.Bringingteaculturebacktomodemlife.D.TheintroductiontodianchaintheTangDynasty.

【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的點(diǎn)茶文化。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句"ActuaHy,itishisintentionthatbringstheoldritualbacktomodernlife

andhasmorepeopleappreciateitscharm.正是他的用意，將古老的儀式帶回現(xiàn)代生活，讓更多人領(lǐng)

略它的魅力。）可知，其實(shí)，他是想把這個(gè)古老的儀式帶到現(xiàn)代生活中，讓更多的人欣賞它的魅力。D項(xiàng)“To

restoreamazingtraditionalcustoms.”（恢復(fù)令人驚嘆的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。）符合原文表述，故選D項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的第二句"Fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,teaisjustlikeother

absolutelynecessaryitems,suchasrice,oilandsalt,saidWangAnshi,aSongpoliticianandthinker.“（宋代政》臺(tái)

家、思想家王安石說(shuō)：“從貴族學(xué)者到平民百姓，茶就像米、油、鹽等其他絕對(duì)必需品一樣?！保┛芍瑥馁F

族、學(xué)者到平民百姓，茶就像米、油、鹽一樣，是不可或缺的物品。D項(xiàng)“Itwasanecessityforalmost

everyone."（這幾乎是每個(gè)人的必需品。）符合原文表述，故選D項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段“Theactionofpouringhotwaterslowlyiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,

whichwaslistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,Jiangsuprovince,in

2019.”（慢慢倒熱水的動(dòng)作叫“點(diǎn)”，故名“點(diǎn)茶”，2019年被列為江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市潤(rùn)州區(qū)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。）可知，

慢慢倒熱水的動(dòng)作叫“點(diǎn)茶A項(xiàng)"Pouringhotwaterslowly.”（慢慢倒入熱水。）符合原文表述，故選A項(xiàng)。

7.主旨大意題。瀏覽全文可知，本文主要介紹韓哲明把宋朝時(shí)期興盛的點(diǎn)茶文化融入到現(xiàn)代城市生活中。

C項(xiàng)“Bringingteaculturebacktomodemlife.”（讓茶文化回歸現(xiàn)代生活。）符合本文主旨，故選C項(xiàng)。

B

2.【海南省瓊海市嘉積中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第四次模擬】

Chinadroppedisdecades-long,one-childpolicyseveralyearsagotoalloweachfamilytohavetwo

children.Thischangehasput270millionmarriedwomenofchildbearingageinthepositionofchoosingbetween

familyandwork.Theemployersalsofacebigchallengesasmorefemaleworkerswillhavetwomaternityleaves

（產(chǎn)假）foratotalofseventoeightmonths.

InasurveypublishedbyclassifiedadvertisingwebsiteG,careerwomenwhomightbeconsidering

havingasecondchildwereaskedwhatkindsofpressuretheymightexpect.Morethan76percentofthewomen

whowerequestionedmentionedconcernsaboutthefinancialburdenofraisingtwochildren,whilemorethan71

percentsaiditwouldbedifficulttobalancecareerandfamily.Inaddition,nearly56percentsaidthathavinga

secondchildwoulddefinitelyhaveanegativeeffectontheircareer.

AnothersurveyconductedbyCfoundthatover70

percentofjobseekersbelievethathavingasecondchildwouldmakefemaleslesspopularinthejobmarket,

althoughtwo-thirdsoftheemployerssaidthepolicywillmakenodifferenceintheiremploymentofstaff.

FengLijuan,,aleadingChinesejobfindingplatform,said

shewouldnotsay“thereisprejudiceagainstcareerwomen."FengsaidChinesewomenshouldermorefamily

responsibility.uItisnotonlyaboutmaternityleave;afemaleemployeemightonlyfullygetbacktoworkafter

threetofiveyearsafterhavingherfirstchild.”

WangYixin,asenioremploymentadviser,saidthepositivesideisthatmorecompaniesaretryingtoattract

moretalentsbyprovidingsupporttocareerwomen.''Differentfrombefore,itisnotonlyemployerschoosing

employees.Manytalents,includingprofessionalcareerwomen,alsochoseemployers.^^saidWang."Accordingto

oursurvey,manylargecompaniesareveryopentotheiremployees*choiceofhavingasecondchild.^^

8.Accordingtothesecondsurvey,havingasecondchildwould.

A.havenoeffectoncareerwomen

B.haveanegativeeffectoncareerwomen

C.haveapositiveeffectoncareerwomen

D.havebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoncareerwomen

9.Accordingthefirstsurvey,whatarewomenconcernedaboutwhenhavingtwochildren?

?Financialburdenofraisingtwochildren

②Feweropportunitiestogetapayrise

?Negativeeffectsontheircareer

?Difficultyinbalancingcareerandfamily

A.①②③B.②③④C.?@@D.①②④

10.Womenemployeestakelongertimetoconcentrateonworkafterchildbirthbecause..

A.thereismoreprejudiceagainstcareerwomen

B.theyshouldermorefamilyresponsibility

C.theyhavelongermaternityleavestoenjoy

D.havingasecondchildmakesthemlesspopular

11.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EffectsofTwo-childPolicyonWomen

B.DisadvantagesofRaisingTwoChildren

C.ResponsibilitiesofCareerWomen

D.DifferentattitudesofEmployerstoWomen

【答案】8.B9.CIO.Bll.A

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了“二胎政策''放開后，生育二胎對(duì)女性員工帶來(lái)的影響。一個(gè)

網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查認(rèn)為考慮生二胎的職業(yè)女性可能會(huì)面臨各種各樣的壓力，另一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查認(rèn)為生育二孩將會(huì)

使女性在職場(chǎng)上更不受歡迎。此外，文章也講述了積極樂(lè)觀的一面：許多大公司也非常歡迎生育二胎的女

性員工。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段AnothersurveyconductedbyChongging-basedhumanresourceswebsitejob.eg.qq.

comfoundthatover70percentofjobseekersbelievethathavingasecondchildwouldmakefemaleslesspopular

inthejobmarket,althoughtwo-thirdsoftheemployerssaidthepolicywillmakenodifferenceintheir

employmentofstaff.另一項(xiàng)由重慶人力資源網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管三分之二的雇主認(rèn)

為二孩政策不會(huì)對(duì)員工的就業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響，但超過(guò)70%的求職者認(rèn)為二孩政策會(huì)使女性在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上不那么

受歡迎?？芍?huì)對(duì)職業(yè)女性產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。故選B項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Morethan76percentofthewomenwhowerequestionedmentionedconcerns

aboutthefinancialburdenofraisingtwochildren,whilemorethan71percentsaiditwouldbedifficulttobalance

careerandfamily.Inaddition,nearly56percentsaidthathavingasecondchildwoulddefinitelyhaveanegative

effectontheircareer.在接受調(diào)查的女性中，超過(guò)76%的人提到了撫養(yǎng)兩個(gè)孩子所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，而超過(guò)

71%的人表示很難在事業(yè)和家庭之間找到平衡。此外，近56%的人表示，生二胎肯定會(huì)對(duì)他們的職業(yè)生涯

產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響?？芍齼蓚€(gè)孩子的職業(yè)女性關(guān)注的是：養(yǎng)育兩個(gè)孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)；平衡工作和家庭的

困難以及再生一個(gè)孩子對(duì)她們事業(yè)的影響。故選c項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中FengsaidChinesewomenshouldermorefamilyresponsibility.44Itisnot

onlyaboutmaternityleave;afemaleemployeemightonlyfullygetbacktoworkafterthreetofiveyearsafter

havingherfirstchild”馮說(shuō)，中國(guó)女性承擔(dān)了更多的家庭責(zé)任。“這不僅僅是產(chǎn)假的問(wèn)題；女性員工可能要

在生完第一個(gè)孩子三到五年后才能完全重返工作崗位?！笨芍?，女職工需要較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中在工作上是因?yàn)?/p>

她們肩負(fù)著更多的家庭責(zé)任。故選B項(xiàng)。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Thischangehasput270millionmarriedwomenofchildbearingageinthe

positionofchoosingbetweenfamilyandwork.Theemployersalsofacebigchallengesasmorefemaleworkers

willhavetwomaternityleaves（產(chǎn)假）foratotalofseventoeightmonths.這一變化使2.7億育齡已婚婦女面臨

著家庭和工作之間的選擇。雇主們也面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的女性員工將有兩段產(chǎn)假，總共7

到8個(gè)月?？芍?，本段是本文的主題段，主要討論了"二孩政策''放開后，生育二胎對(duì)女性員工帶來(lái)的影響。

選項(xiàng)A“二胎政策對(duì)女性的影響”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.【2022屆湖北省武漢市高三五月模擬試題（二）】

WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhewas11,thingschanged.That's

whenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitectureinstead.

“Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEforKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer.

NowFordhopestoinspirethesameinterestinotheryoungpeople.Lastyear,helaunchedhisown

architectureprogramforkidsaged10to17.Buthisprogramhasanunexpectedfeature.Campersbasetheir

designsonhip-hoplyrics.

Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresentedcommunities.4tOnly3%of

architectsareAfricanAmerican,hesaid."Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparksandpublicspaces,haveall

beendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnowstarttoexperiencespace

fromatotallynewperspective.^^

FordcallshisprogramtheHipHopArchitectureCamp.Theone-weekcampisofferedtostudentsaroundthe

country.Atthecamp,studentslistentoandreadthelyricsofhip-hopsongs.Thentheyusesomeofthoselyricsto

guidetheminplanningacityblock.Ongraphpaper,eachsquarerepresentsaword.StudentsbuildwithLegoon

eachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllables（音節(jié)）ineachword.Intheend,theyhavewhatlookslikeacity

skyline.KidsthenuseadesignprogramcalledTinkercadtotransformtheirLegomodelsinto3Ddigitalversions.

Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmorethanjustconstruction."The

architecfsNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays."Architectureplaysacriticalroleindeterminingor

challenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.^^

4.WhatmadeFordchangehisdreamofbeingacar-designer?

A.Participationinaprogram.B.Lackoftalentforcar-designing.

C.Desireforamorepromisingcareer.D.Conversationwitharchitecturedesigners.

5.WhatisFord'sarchitectureprogramaimedat?

A.Appealingtoyoungpeople.B.Popularizinghip-popmusic.

C.Promotingdiversityinthefield.D.Connectingmusicwitharchitecture.

6.Ifyouheard"beautifUl”,howmanyblockswouldyouuseonthesquare?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

7.What'sFord'sopinionaboutarchitecture?

A.Itdetenninespeople'sneeds.B.Itinfluencespeople'slifestyles.

C.Itisjustaboutbuildingthings.D.Itisaboutaddingmorebuildings.

【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講的是當(dāng)邁克?福特還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他夢(mèng)想成為一名汽車設(shè)計(jì)師。但

當(dāng)他11歲時(shí)，一切都變了。就在那時(shí)，他參加了一個(gè)汽車設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目，最后卻學(xué)習(xí)了建筑學(xué)。并且他認(rèn)為

建筑在決定或挑戰(zhàn)人們?cè)谔囟ㄉ鐓^(qū)的生活方式方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一，二段"WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhe

was11,thingschanged.That'swhenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitecture

instead.Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEforKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer."（當(dāng)邁克?福特還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他夢(mèng)想成為一名汽車設(shè)計(jì)師。但當(dāng)他11歲時(shí)、

一切都變了。就在那時(shí)，他參加了一個(gè)汽車設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目，最后卻學(xué)習(xí)了建筑學(xué)。他告訴《兒童時(shí)代》：“作為

一個(gè)年輕人，我很幸運(yùn)地與那個(gè)暑期項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人進(jìn)行了一些交談?！迸c那里的設(shè)計(jì)師交談激發(fā)了福特對(duì)

建筑的興趣。他繼續(xù)追求它作為一種職業(yè)。）可知，與建筑設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)話讓福特改變了他成為汽車設(shè)計(jì)師的

夢(mèng)想。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresented

communities."Only3%ofarchitectsareAfricanAmerican,hesaid.“Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparks

andpublicspaces,haveallbeendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnow

starttoexperiencespacefromatotallynewperspective.’”'（福特的目標(biāo)是激勵(lì)新?代的建筑師，他們來(lái)自被低

估的社區(qū)?！爸挥?%的建筑師是非裔美國(guó)人，”他說(shuō)?！拔覀兇蠖鄶?shù)的建筑、公園和公共空間都是由白人男

性設(shè)計(jì)的。如果我們能增加多樣性，整個(gè)世界將開始從一個(gè)全新的角度來(lái)體驗(yàn)空間?！埃┛芍?，福特的建

筑項(xiàng)目的目的是促進(jìn)該領(lǐng)域的多樣性。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“StudentsbuildwithLegooneachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllablesin

eachword."（學(xué)生們根據(jù)每個(gè)單詞的音節(jié)數(shù)在每個(gè)方格上用樂(lè)高積木。）可知，如果你聽到“beautifu『為三

音節(jié)單詞，你會(huì)在廣場(chǎng)上用3塊積木。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmore

thanjustconstruction.t4Thearchitect'sNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays.^Architectureplaysa

criticalroleindetenniningorchallenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.”"（福特認(rèn)為這種方法可以幫

助露營(yíng)者了解到建筑不僅僅是建筑?！敖ㄖ煹氖滓ぷ魇欠?wù)于人們的需求，”他說(shuō)。“建筑在決定或挑戰(zhàn)

人們?cè)谔囟ㄉ鐓^(qū)的生活方式方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用.可知，福特對(duì)建筑的看法是它影響人們的生活方式。

故選B項(xiàng)。

4.【2022屆湖北省荊州中學(xué)等四校高三模擬聯(lián)考（三）】

EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofourcountry'spersistentproblems:garbage

andpoverty.It'scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisasking

afavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthantossyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturn

themintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.

ChipeatersdropofftheiremptybagsfromDoritos,Lay's,andotherfavoritesattwolocationsinDetroit:a

printshopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheysanitizethechip

bagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.Theyusepaddingandliners

fromoldcoatstolinetheinsides.

Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300chipbags,dependingon

whetherthey'resingle-serveorfamilysize.Theresultisasleepingbagthatis''waterprooflightweight,andeasy

tocarryaround,OleitatoldtheDetroitNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmore

than800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.

Sure,somepeoplebelieveitwouldbesimplertohelpthehomelessbyraisingmoneytobuynewsleeping

bags.Butthat'sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita-whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecade

agowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife——andherfellowvolunteers.4€Wearededicatedtomakinganimpact

notonlysocially,butenvironmentally,shesays.

And,ofcourse,there9sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwouldotherwiselandinthetrashandusing

themtohelpthehomeless.Ifsapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengohandin

hand.AsOleitatold,44Ithinkit'stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues?,

4.WhafsOleita'ssolutiontotheproblemofgarbageandpoverty?

A.Talkingpeopleoutofeatingchips.

B.Conductinggarbageclassification.

C.Buyingsleepingbagsforthehomeless.

D.Recyclingchipbagstomakesleepingbags.

5.Whichwordbelowcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“sanitize”inPara.2?

A.Clean.B.Displace.

C.Classify.D.Analyze.

6.WhichstatementbestdescribesthesleepingbagsmadebytheChipBagProject?

A.Costlyandtime-consuming.B.Complexandfireproof.

C.Functionalandlight.D.Fancyandenvironmentallyfriendly.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Environmentalprotectioncomesfirst.

B.Povertyresultsinenvironmentalissues.

C.Garbageandpovertycouldbedealtwithtogether.

D.Thehomelessshouldhelpeachotherhandinhand.

【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位年輕的美國(guó)女孩通過(guò)回收薯?xiàng)l包裝袋來(lái)制作睡袋，幫助無(wú)家

可歸者并保護(hù)環(huán)境的故事。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的首句"EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofour

country'spersistentproblems:garbageandpoverty.（厄拉杰雷?奧萊塔認(rèn)為她或許能部分解決我們國(guó)家兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)

期存在的問(wèn)題：垃圾和貧困）”和尾句"Ratherthantossyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshe

canturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.（與其把你的空薯片袋扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出去，這

樣她就可以把它們變成無(wú)家可歸者的睡袋）”可知，Oleita通過(guò)回收薯片袋來(lái)制作睡袋來(lái)解決垃圾和貧困問(wèn)

題。故選D。

5.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“insoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.

（在肥皂熱水中，他們把它們切開，平鋪，再把它們熨燙在一起）”及常識(shí)可知，把薯片袋放在肥皂熱水中，

應(yīng)該是為了清理和消毒。由此推知，劃線詞sanitize與clean意思接近。故選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresultisasleepingbagthatiswaterproof,lightweight,andeasytocarry

around.（其結(jié)果是一種防水、輕便、便于攜帶的睡袋）“可知，這種睡袋既實(shí)用又輕便。故選C。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后?段中的"It'sapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengo

handinhand.AsOleitatold,Ithinkit'stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues.（這

有力地提醒我們，環(huán)境不公往往與貧困相伴而行。正如Oleita告訴網(wǎng)站的那樣，我認(rèn)為是

時(shí)候展示所有這些問(wèn)題之間的聯(lián)系了）''可推知，垃圾問(wèn)題和貧苦問(wèn)題是密不可分，可以同時(shí)解決的。故選

Co

5.【2022屆廣東省六校聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期第六次聯(lián)考】

Noisecreatedbyhumans,suchascartraffic,quietedbyabout30%betweenlateMarchandearlyMay,2020,

whenGovernorGregAbbottclosedschoolsandrestaurantsacrossTexas,accordingtoanalysisbyresearchersat

SouthernMethodistUniversity（SMU）.

“Therewasquiteabigchangeinsomeareas,"saidStephenArrowsmith,aseismologistatSMU,whotook

ontheprojectwithaclassofundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Arrowsmithandhisstudentslookedatdata

fromadozenseismometers（地震儀）acrossNorthTexas.Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyare

sensitivetojustabouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,construction

andtraffic.

TheideaofusingseismometerstotrackurbannoisegainedpopularitylastMarchwhenBelgianseismologist

ThomasLecocqpostedsomeofhisurbannoisedatafromBrusselsonTwitter.Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatory

ofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiasticresponsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup"Lockdown

Seismology^^online.4€Ifswhereboredseismologistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogether,Arrowsmithjoked.

Arrowsmithhopeshisfindingswillcontributetoagrowinglistofcreativewaysinwhichresearchersare

usingseismometers.Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelpinvestigatorssolve

crimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsininvestigating

accidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.Onepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetterunderstandthe

shallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities."Thatcouldbeusefulinplaceswherethere?sarealseismichazard（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)），

likeSanFranciscoorLosAngeles,9,hesaid,44wherejustknowingwhatthatshallowstructureistellsyoualot

abouthowitwouldrespondinabigearthquake.,,

8.HowdotheresearchersobtainthedataofnoiseinTexas?

A.Byobservingcartraffic.B.Bysurveyingtheirstudents.

C.Byconsultingthegovernor.D.ByemployingSeismometers.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vibrate“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.BreakB.Freeze

C.ShakeD.Dry

10.WhatisadirectresultofLecocq'spostingsomeofhisurbannoisedata?

A.Seismologistsareattracted.B.Earthquakedetectionisimproved.

C.Urbannoiseisreduced.D.Crimeinvestigationissimplified.

11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningtheseismometer?

A.Itspossiblerisks.B.Itspotentialapplications.

C.Itsappealtothepublic.D.Itsmarketvalue.

【答案】8.D9.CIO.All.B

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了地質(zhì)學(xué)家Arrowsmith利用地震儀發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市噪音減弱的現(xiàn)象。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Therewasquiteabigchangeinsomeareas,saidStephenArrowsmith,a

seismologistatSMU,whotookontheprojectwithaclassofundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Arrowsmith

andhisstudentslookedatdatafromadozenseismometers（地震儀）acrossNorthTexas."（在某些領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了相當(dāng)

大的變化，SMU的地震學(xué)家斯蒂芬?阿羅史密斯（StephenArrowsmith）說(shuō)，他與一群本科生和研究生一起

承擔(dān)了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。阿羅史密斯和他的學(xué)生們查看了來(lái)自德克薩斯州北部的十幾個(gè)地震儀的數(shù)據(jù)。）可知，史

密斯和他的學(xué)生是在地震儀中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)。D項(xiàng)“ByemployingSeismometers.”（通過(guò)使用地震儀。）符合原文

表述，故選D項(xiàng)。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyaresensitivetojust

abouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic."（地

震儀用于檢測(cè)地震，但它們對(duì)幾乎所有使地面vibrate的事物都很敏感，例如強(qiáng)風(fēng)、海浪、建筑和交通。）

中的“suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic."可知，它們的共性都是使地面震動(dòng)，可以推

測(cè)“vibrate”可能是“震動(dòng)”的意思。C項(xiàng)“Shake”（搖動(dòng)）符合猜測(cè)，故選C項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatoryofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiastic

responsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup"LockdownSeismology,,online."It'swherebored

seismologistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogether,9,Arrowsmithjoked."（比利時(shí)皇家天文臺(tái)的Lecocq收到了

科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藷崃业幕貞?yīng)，以至于他在網(wǎng)上發(fā)起了“鎖定地震學(xué)”小組。“這是世界各地?zé)o聊的地震學(xué)家一起

工作的地方，“阿羅史密斯開玩笑說(shuō)。）可知，他發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)引起了地震學(xué)家們的注意。A項(xiàng)“Seismologistsare

attracted.”（地震學(xué)家很感興趣。）符合原文表述，故選A項(xiàng)。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelp

investigatorssolvecrimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsin

investigatingaccidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.Onepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetter

understandtheshallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities."（在他的課程中，阿羅史密斯教授學(xué)生利用地震臺(tái)站幫助

調(diào)查人員解決犯罪問(wèn)題，如恐怖爆炸，幫助科學(xué)家跟蹤核試驗(yàn)或協(xié)助檢查員調(diào)查事故，如化工廠爆炸。他

的研究的一個(gè)潛在應(yīng)用是更好地了解城市下方的地球淺層。）可知，這主要是講解了地震儀的潛在應(yīng)用。B

項(xiàng)“Itspotentialapplications."（它的潛在應(yīng)用。）符合段落大意，故選B項(xiàng)。

6.【2022屆廣東省廣州市高考考前綜合訓(xùn)練（三模）】

Thetop-sellingalbum（唱片）SongsoftheHumpbackWhalewasreleasedin1970.Thiscollectionofnature

recordingschangedthewaymanypeoplethoughtaboutwhalesandeventuallyhelpedsavethousandsofwhales'

lives.

Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforasoundengineernamedFrankWatlington.In

the1960s,Watlingtonwasmakingunderwaterrecordingswhenhenoticedsomestrange,deepsounds,whichhe

realizedwerecomingfromwhales.

WatlingtonplayedtherecordingsforapairofbiologistsnamedRogerandKatyPayne.Whentheylistened,

theywereinstantlyhookedonthebeautyofthewhales'voices.

KatyPaynestudiedmusicaswellasbiology,andshewasamazedbyhowthewhalescommunicatelikean

operasinger.Shealsonoticedanotherinterestingdetail:theyhadrecognizablepatterns.Inbiologyterms,an

animalcallwitharepeatingpatterniscalledasong.Thesongsofwhalesaresocomplexthatsomescientistshave

evencomparedthemtocomposersandpoets.

ThePaynesthoughtthatotherpeopleneededtohearthebeautyofthewhales'songs,soRogerorganizedthe

recordingsintoanalbum.Atthetimewhenthealbumcameout,whaleswereoftenhuntedandtradedfbrmoney

andsomewhalespeciesweredyingout.Mostpeoplehadneverthoughtofwhalesascreaturesthatcould

communicatethroughsongs.Butafterhearingthealbum,manypeoplebegantothinkdifferently.

ThealbumledpeopletostarttheSavetheWhalesmovement.Musiciansbeganusingwhalesongsintheir

music,andwhaleswereincludedinmoviesandtelevisionshows.In1982,thedeep-seawhalingwasbanned.

Beforetheban,morethan50,000whalesperyearwerekilled.Afterit,thenumberwentdownbelow2,000.

Itmightseemincrediblethatjustonealbumcouldhelpsavethelivesofsomanywhales.Butthis

one-of-a-kindalbumrevealedsecretslonghiddenbeneaththewavesandallowedtheseamazingcreaturesto

finallysharetheirsongswiththehumanworld.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletosavewhales.B.Toprovethatwhalesarebomsingers.

C.Toexplainhowagoodalbumwasmade.D.Tointroduceapopularalbumanditsstories.

5.Whofirstfoundthespecialvoicesofthewhales?

A.Asongrecorder.B.Anoperasinger.

C.Asoundengineer.D.Apairofbiologists.

6.WhatsurprisedKatyPayneaboutthewhales?

A.Theycouldtalkwithscientists.B.Theycouldsinglikeanoperasinger.

C.Theycouldrepeatinterestingsounds.D.Theycouldcommunicatethroughsongs.

7.Whichisoneofthevaluesofthealbum?

A.Itsuccessfullystoppeddeep-seawhaling.B.Ithelpedpeopleunderstandwhalesbetter.

C.Itmadesomemusicandmoviestarspopular.D.Itencouragedmusicianstoworkwithscientists.

【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一張名為《座頭鯨之歌》唱片，這種唱片拯救了許多鯨魚的生命。

4.推理判斷題。文章第一段引出《座頭鯨之歌》唱片；第二至五段介紹該唱片的由來(lái)；第六段介紹該唱

片的一大價(jià)值，即引導(dǎo)人們開始拯救鯨魚；最后一段總結(jié)全文。所以文章的目的就是介紹《座頭鯨之歌》

唱片及其背后的故事。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforasound

engineernamedFrankWatlington."（要不是音響師弗蘭克?沃特林頓，這張唱片就不可能被制作出來(lái)。）可知，

是一名音響師發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯨魚特殊的聲音。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句"KatyPaynestudiedmusicaswellasbiology,andshewasamazedbyhow

thewhalescommunicatelikeanoperasinger.”（凱蒂?佩恩學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)和生物學(xué)，她對(duì)鯨魚像歌劇演員一樣交流

感到驚訝。）可知，凱蒂?佩恩感到驚訝的是，鯨魚像歌劇演員一樣交流，也就是通過(guò)歌聲來(lái)交流。故選D

項(xiàng)。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句"T