2023年初中科普英語競(jìng)賽輔導(dǎo)講義一

初中科普英語競(jìng)賽(輔導(dǎo)講義一)科普英語競(jìng)賽

=

科普知識(shí)

+

英語能力

+

應(yīng)試技巧MultipleChoice

選擇填空一、

單項(xiàng)選擇------以科普知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的選擇題

單項(xiàng)選擇題是預(yù)賽第二部分的題型，通常為20道題，分值20分。做好單項(xiàng)選擇填空需要掌握選擇填空的答題技巧，以便提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。二、

題型特點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)多，覆蓋面廣。在考察純語法、詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上，更增長(zhǎng)了科普英語的相關(guān)知識(shí)、特殊詞匯、特殊語境中運(yùn)用詞法、句法、慣用法的考察。三、解題方法單項(xiàng)選擇重要還是考察考生的詞匯辨認(rèn)、辨析能力（特別科普、科技詞匯的掌握、辨析）、文化差異的感受能力和語言運(yùn)用能力，語法上注重動(dòng)詞問題和一定的覆蓋面?？破沼⒄Z競(jìng)賽的單項(xiàng)選擇題與一般的英語試題的單項(xiàng)選擇不同；其題干的內(nèi)容、語境通常是科普知識(shí)；這規(guī)定我們?cè)诖鸫祟愵}目時(shí)，一方面要先了解其相關(guān)科普知識(shí)，然后再按照一般英語試題的解答技巧來選擇對(duì)的答案。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲞x擇填空時(shí)應(yīng)將全句通讀一遍，了解句意，再審查選項(xiàng)，將每道題要考的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分類，判斷一下屬于語法、習(xí)慣用語、詞匯還是科普知識(shí)。擬定了考點(diǎn)，在聯(lián)系與考點(diǎn)相關(guān)的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，對(duì)各選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較、判斷、進(jìn)而選出答案。所以，可以這樣認(rèn)為：科普英語競(jìng)賽=科普知識(shí)+英語能力+應(yīng)試技巧試看下例題：1．Whentheantsarefirsthatched,theyareverysmalland______.A.hopeless

B.useless

C.helpless

D.legless2．

However,theyoungwhale’s______healthcontinuedtotestYip,amarinescientistandhisfriends.A.delicious

B.delicate

C.delayed

D.dear3．Pigpoopishighinundigestedphosphorous,itleadstogreatdamagewhenit’s______manure.A.usedas

B.usedto

C.beenusedto

D.beingusedto4．Theabilityofthealligatorto______tochangingconditionshasalsohelpedtheanimalmakeabigcomeback.A.adopt

B.beadopted

C.adapt

D.beadapted5．Avoidingpredators______themostimportantreasonwhyanimalsfly.A.arereally

B.is

C.maybe

D.are6．Scientistsconcludedthatheat______killedthehornets.A.

lonely

B.alone

C.alive

D.lonesome答案：1.C

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.B

6.B在做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí),同學(xué)們除應(yīng)具有較扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和科普知識(shí)外,掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的.單項(xiàng)選擇解題思緒與方法總匯一一、

注意同義、近義詞匯的積累、辨析

作為選擇填空的基礎(chǔ)考察內(nèi)容，近義詞匯或詞組的積累與辨析，考得是英語學(xué)習(xí)平常的專心與工夫。例：1．Suddenlythebatteryonyourmobilephonehas______,youcan’tmakeanycallforhelp.A.

rundown

B.runafter

C.runoff

D.runoutrundown跑下、追溯、用完、瀏覽runafter追捕、追求、跟蹤、runoff逃跑、流出runout跑出、離開、完畢、被用完、放逐2．

Feelingsofpain______whensignalsfromnerveendingsintheskinaresenttothebrain.A.recordB.resourceC.resultD.rescue3．Whenaplantoranimaldies,thecarbon14inthecellsbeginsto__A.breakinB.breakthroughC.breakupD.breakdown4．

Thegovernmentpassedthelawstoprotecttheplantsandanimalsonthe______specieslist.A.

endangeredB.dangerousC.endangeringD.danger二、

直接運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇掌握初中階段所出現(xiàn)的幾種重要時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法、結(jié)構(gòu)、與之連用的狀語及各自的特殊用法。重點(diǎn)要分清現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的用法。對(duì)賓語從句、狀語從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、比較等級(jí)以及它們的用法規(guī)則都要一一弄清楚。還要注意固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、動(dòng)詞辨析以及不同詞性的詞的用法。例：5.--Willyoucometothenetbarswithme?--Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsme______there.A.notgo

B.go

C.nottogo

D.togo6.Cucumberbeetled,which,____,couldproduce33millionrootworms-aseriousagriculturalpest.A.ifallowedtolayeggs

B.ifallowingtolieeggsC.ifallowlayingeggs

D.iftoaloelyingeggs7.Allsubstancesare______verytinyparticlescalledatoms.A.madefrom

B.madeupof

C.madeby

D.madeof8.Asweallknowsoundmakesairvibrate,thus______soundwaves.A.makes

B.make

C.making

D.tomake9.Gerorge______inthiscollegeforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.hadworked

D.willbeworking三、注意排除思維定試的干擾在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,同學(xué)們進(jìn)行了相稱多的習(xí)題練習(xí),因此對(duì)有些類型的題目自然而然地產(chǎn)生思維定試.當(dāng)碰到一些已發(fā)生了變化的新題目,假如不作分析而是憑老經(jīng)驗(yàn),想當(dāng)然辦事,勢(shì)必導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤.為此,必須排除思維定試的干擾,以便選出對(duì)的的答案.10.—Haveyouseen______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.

__Isit______blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.

a/the

B.the/the

C.the/a

D.a/a11.Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.toclean

B.cleaning

C.cleaned

D.beingcleaned12.TheschoolsinChinaaredifferentfrom_______.A.Americaschools

B.thatofAmerica

C.America

D.thoseinAmerica四、找出關(guān)鍵詞再進(jìn)行選擇許多題目中都有這樣一些詞,它們對(duì)于快速而準(zhǔn)確地鑒定答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用.我們稱這些詞為關(guān)鍵詞.找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞,也就找到了解題的突破口.13.Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,______?A.doesn’the

B.didn’the

C.didhe

D.doeshe五.注意分析句子成分明確句子成分,特別是選項(xiàng)在句子中擔(dān)任的句子成分,有時(shí)對(duì)于我們選擇對(duì)的答案是很有幫助的.14.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket______somebananasandvisitedhiscousin.A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy15.______Marswouldbelikelivingonaveryhighmountain.A.Livedto

B.Livingon

C.Liveon

D.Livefor16.Whenwehangupwetclothednearafire,steamcanbeseen_____fromthem.A.rise

B.rising

C.raised

D.raise答案:1.D

2.D

3.C

4.A5.C6.A7.B

8.C9.B

10.D

11.A

12.D

13.C

14.A

15.B

16.六、注意句式的變化在考察考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握過程中,命題人會(huì)通過改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)的方式來增長(zhǎng)試題難度.碰到這類題材時(shí),要沉著冷靜,仔細(xì)分析,以便選出對(duì)的答案.1.

Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.

aswell

B.aswellas

C.sowell

D.sowellas2.

Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicycle.A.ride/ride

B.riding/rideC.ride/toride

D.toride/riding七、選項(xiàng)類推法假如對(duì)題目的備選答案沒有十分把握或把握很小,不妨運(yùn)用“假如A對(duì),那么B也對(duì)”的類推法,從而可將A、B予以否認(rèn).3.—Who’sthemanatthedoor?--_________.A.Heisadoctor

B.Heisafriendofmine

C.Heisafamoussinger

D.Heistwenty八、比較排除法根據(jù)題干提供的休息,先把一眼就看出的干擾項(xiàng)排除,縮小選擇范圍,然后將剩余的選項(xiàng)填入空白處進(jìn)行檢查,辨別真?zhèn)?4.

Thegirlaskedtheteacher___________.A.whatdoesthemuseumlookslikeB.whatdidthemuseumlooklikeC.whatthemuseumlooksliked

D.whatthemuseumlookedlike,5.Thereis______milkhere,buttherearequite____emptyglasses.

A.little/afew

B.few/afewC.little/alittle

D.few/little6.Peopleshouldget______ofsleepastheyneedtofeelrested.A.asmanyhours

B.asmuchhoursC.somuchhour

D.somanyhour7.MyEnglishisverypoor.I_____maths

____English.A.prefer/to

B.like/thanC.learn/than

D.have/by8.--Pleasegivemea_____whenyouarriveinBeijing.

--Allright.I’lltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere.A.newspaper

B.ticket

C.calling

D.ring9.Frenchscientistshavefoundthatthemoonhasanotherunexpected______:itaffectsEarth’sclimate.A.insignificance

B.influence

C.instructionD.intelligence10.Seedsfromothertreescouldnotgrowbecausetherewere_____plantsontheforestfloor.A.toomany

B.toomuchC.agreatdealD.alargeamount11.Everybodyknowsthatnolivingthingscanlivewithoutairorwat