淋巴系統(tǒng)解剖

淋巴系統(tǒng)解剖第1頁/共16頁CH23:TheLymphaticSystemGoalsDiscusstheorganizationofthelymphaticsystem,includingthevessels,principallymphnodes,thymus,andspleenExplaintherelationshipbetweenthelymphaticandcirculatorysystems,andtheroleoflymphoidtissuestructuresandlymphocytesinthebody’sdefenseAccessorytocardiovascularsystemtherearetwodrainagesystems第2頁/共16頁OverviewoftheLymphaticSystemIncludes,vessels,fluid,andnodesornonsecreting"glands".Lymphaticvesselsconveyfluidfromtheperipherytotheveins.Thefluid,lymph(=clearspringwater),iswhatseepsoutofthebloodattheperipheralcapillaries.CompositionissimilartoplasmawithouttheproteinsLymphaticorgansortissues("glands")arefilteringareasandarenasoflymphocytematurationandcompetency.第3頁/共16頁MajorFunctionsofLymphaticSystemFiltrationoflymphReturnofseepedfluidtoc.v.system“Education”andproductionofimmunesystemlymphocytesTransportofdigestedlipidsfromsmallintestinallacteals

第4頁/共16頁LymphCapillariesThinwalledendothelium(noBM)withperiodiconewayvalves.Ingeneraltheyparallelveins.Closedendsallowfluidflowinwardonly PickupandrecycleextratissuefluidLymphcirculationdueto?ComparetoFig.23.2第5頁/共16頁LocationofLymphCapillariesEverywhere,exceptforCNSandbonemarrow,aswellascorneaandcartilage.Specialsetoflymphcapillariesinvilliofsmallintestine=Lacteals

第6頁/共16頁Damagedvalvesorblockedlymphvessels ???Lymphaticvesselscomparableinstructuretoveins第7頁/共16頁LymphcapillariesconvergetobecomecollectingvesselsandendupaseitherThoracicductorrightlymphaticductThoracic(leftlymphatic)ductLeftsubclavianveinRightlymphaticductRightsubclavianveinCysternaChyliFig23.4第8頁/共16頁largest第9頁/共16頁LymphocytesAgranulocytes-largenucleiandsmallamountofcytoplasmFunctioninidentificationandinactivation/destructionofpathogensTypesofLymphocytesTCells-cellularimmunity-specificforpreviouslyidentifiedpathogensTHelper,TKiller,TSuppressor,andmemorycellsBCells-humoralimmunity-plasmacellsproduceantibodiesspecifictotheantigenorpathogen;memorycellsNKcells-non-specific,provideimmunologicalsurveillance第10頁/共16頁BoneMarrow:LymphopoiesisLymphocytesarelateralsoproducedinthymus,spleenandtonsilsFig23.7第11頁/共16頁122C.t.loadedwithLymphocytesLymphoidnodulesareunencapsulatedclustersoflymphocytes(~1mm).Foundbeneathepithelialliningofrespiratory,digestive&urinarytractsMucosaassociatedlymphatictissue(MALT)inGItract

5

tonsilsaggregatelymphoidnodulesinsmallintestine(=Peyerspatches)appendix-wallscontainlymphoidtissueLymphoidTissue=adenoids第12頁/共16頁LymphNodes~500(1mmto25mm)Bean-shapedwithhilusseveralafferentvessels,oneefferentvesselFunction?Popularterm“l(fā)ymphgland”ismisnomer.Why?Containlotsoflymphocytes&MacrophagesClinicalapplication:SwollenlymphnodesFig23.9第13頁/共16頁DistributionofLNsCervicallymphnodes-drainheadandneckAxillarylymphnodes-drainarmsandbreastsPopliteallymphnodes-drainlegs,drainintoInguinallymphnodes-drainlowerlimbThoraciclymphnodes-drainthoracicvisceraAbdominallymphnodes-drainpelvicregionIntestinalandmesentericlymphnodes-drainabdominalviscera第14頁/共16頁ThymusLocationaboveheart,posteriortosternumDividedintolobulesOnlylymphoidorganthatdoesNOTfightantigens,itfunctionsas“T