如何理解明確表達(dá)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)

千里之行，始于足下讓知識(shí)帶有溫度。第第2頁(yè)/共2頁(yè)精品文檔推薦如何理解明確表達(dá)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)在閱讀理解題中，大多數(shù)問題是測(cè)試應(yīng)試者對(duì)明確表達(dá)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)狀況的理解。在做此類試題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)從英語(yǔ)文章內(nèi)容的一般組織方法上去考慮。一般說來(lái)，為了闡明文章的中心愿思，總是運(yùn)用大量的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說明中心愿思并進(jìn)行各種不同的陳述，也就是說文章中的每一句話都是圍繞主題而綻開的，或是供應(yīng)例證，或是進(jìn)行分類比較，或是說明因果關(guān)系等。正確分析文章中的每個(gè)句子是如何說明和解析中心愿思，是提高閱讀理解水平的關(guān)鍵。分析事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的有效方法是：在閱讀過程中首先找出主題句（文章的中心愿思往往通過主題句表現(xiàn)出來(lái)），然后分析其他各個(gè)句子與主題句的意義關(guān)系，即形成一個(gè)分析文章意義的流程圖。這樣我們可以清晰地把握文章中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，找出所需選擇的問題的答案。下面本文舉一個(gè)例子來(lái)說明：

duringtheamericanwarofindependence，womenwereinvolvedintheactivefightinginthreeways．first，asmembersofadistinctbranchofthecontinentalarmy，referredtoas“womenofthearmy”，womenstaffedfieldhospitalsandactedasamilitarysupportinsuchrolesaswatercarriers．inanemergency，womenwatercarriers，whohadplentyofopportunitiestoobservethefiringofcannons，couldreplaceawoundedcomrade．thesecondwaythatwomenwereinvolvedintheactivefightingwasasregulartroopmemberswhowereinmensuniformsandfoughtsidebysidewiththeirmalecounterparts．theoretically，womenwerenotsupposedtoberecruitedintothearmy，butifawomanwasagoodsoldier，noonemadeanissueofsexatatimewhenthearmywassoshortofsoldiersthatboysnotyetintheirteenswerealsobeingrecruitedinviolationofrules．third，womenwereoccasionalfighterswithlocalmilitiacompaniesorcommitteesofsafetyformedtoprotectthelocalcommunity．

1．whatisthemainideaexpressedinthispassage？

a．womenplayedanimportantroleinmilitaryhospitalsduringthewar．

b．thecontinentalarmywassuccessfulinteachingwomentofirecannons．

c．theserviceofwomenincombatduringthewar．

d．womenwereactiveincombatduringtheamericanwarofindependence．

2．womensometimesfiredcannonsbecause_______．

a．theyhadobservedtheprocedureandcouldthereforesubstitutefordisabledmen

b．localmilitiacompanieshadtrainedthemverycarefullyforemergencyfighting

c．theyhadabettersafetyrecordthanmenforusingweapons

d．itwasagainstthelawforyoungboystofireweapons

3．whatisprobablythemainreasonthatwomenwerepermittedtofightinthewareventhoughtheirformalparticipationwasdiscouraged？

a．onlywomenweresuccessfulaswatercarriers．

b．theywereneededtomakebattleuniforms．

c．colonialwomenwereparticularlyhealthyandstrong．

d．thearmydesperatelyneededcombatsoldiers．

4．womenwereinvolvedinfightingthewarforamericanindependenceinallofthefollowingwaysexceptas_______．

a．membersofcommitteesofsafety

b．supportpersonnelatmedicalfacilities

c．recruitersofsoldiersforthecontinentalarmy

d．combattroopsintheregulararmy

本文的中心愿思是：在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)斗中，婦女是如何樂觀參戰(zhàn)的。文章中的每一句話都是圍繞這一中心愿思綻開的。其綻開方式可以通過下面的意義流程圖加以分析：

依據(jù)以上意義流程圖分析，應(yīng)當(dāng)很簡(jiǎn)單得出問題14的答案分別為d，a，d，c。第1題問的是文章的中心愿思，其余幾題都問的是事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)