2022-2023年四川省綿陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年四川省綿陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

2.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

3.Earth:MeltingintheHeat?

Glaciersaremelting;theicecapsaredisappearingintotheoceans;sealevelsmayrisebymanymetersasaconsequence.Indigenous(本土的)Arcticpeopleswillfindtheirfoodstocksgone,whilefreshwatersuppliesinAsiaandsouthAmericawilldisappearastheglacierswhichprovidethemmeltaway;penguins,polarbearsandsealswillfindtheirhabitatsgone,theirtraditionallivesunlivable.

Buthowrealisticisthispicture?Istheworld'sicereallydisappearing,orisitunscientifichotair?

AEuropeansatellitenamedCryosatwasdesignedtoprovidedefinitiveanswerstosomeofthesequestions.AlauncherfaultdestroyedthemissioninOctober2005,buttheEuropeanSpaceAgencyhasapprovedareplacement.Inthemeantime,hereisourglobalsnapshot.

TheAntarctic

Huge,pristine(質(zhì)樸的),dramatic,unforgiving—theAntarcticiswherethebiggestofallglobalchangescouldbegin.

Thereissomuchiceherethatifitallmelted,sealevelsgloballywouldrisehugely—perhapsasmuchas80m.SaygoodbyetoLondon,NewYork,Sydney,Bangkok...infact,themajorityoftheworld'smajorcities.

Butwillithappen?ScientistsdividetheAntarcticintothreezones:theeastandwestAntarcticicesheets;andthePeninsula,thetongueoflandwhichpointsuptowardsthesoutherntipofSouthAmerica.

"EverybodythinksthattheAntarcticisshrinkingduetoclimatechange,buttherealityismuchmorecomplex,"saysDavidVaughan,aprincipalinvestigatorattheBritishAntarcticSurveyinCambridge,U.K."Partsofitappeartobethickeningasaresultofsnowfallincreases,butthePeninsulaisthinningatanalarmingrateduetowarming.TheWestAntarcticsheetisalsothinning,andwe'renotsureofthereasonwhy."

OntheUp

TemperaturesinthePeninsulaappeartobeincreasingataroundtwicetheglobalaverage—about2℃overthelast50years.Thosefiguresarebasedonmeasurementsmadebyinstrumentsatscientificstations.

Earlierthisyear,DavidVaughan'sgrouppublishedresearchshowingthatthevastmajorityofglaciersalongthePeninsula—87%ofthe244studied—areinretreat.Theicedumpedintotheoceanastheglaciersretreatshouldnotmakemuchdifferencetoglobalsealevels—perhapsafewcentimeters.

Moreworrying,potentially,arethevasticesheetscoveringtherestofAntarctica.Makingtemperaturemeasurementsforthecontinentasawholeisdifficult;itisavastplace—morethan2,000kmacross—therearefewresearchstations,andtemperaturesvarynaturallyby2～3℃fromyeartoyear.Butmeasurementsindicatethatinthewest,meltingisunderway.

"Aboutone-thirdoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisthinning,"saysDr.Vaughan,"onaveragebyabout10cmperyear,butintheworstplacesby3～4mperyear."

TherockonwhichtheWestAntarcticicerestsisbelowsealevel,andBritishAntarcticSurveyresearchersbelievethethinningcouldbeduetotheicesheetmeltingonitsunderside.

"Itmaybethattheoceaniswarmingandthat'scausingtheicetomelt,buttheremaybeothermasonsaswell;forexample,there'slotsofvolcanisminthatareaandsothatcouldchangehowmuchheatisdeliveredtotheundersideoftheicesheet."

CryosatshouldhelptopindownwhatishappeningattheWestAntarcticfringe.TheradaraltimetersonboarditspredecessorsERS1andERS2havebeenunabletomapthesteepslopesatthecoast,whereasCryosat'sinstrumentshouldbeabletocope.

IftheentireWestAntarcticicesheetdidmelt,sealevelsgloballywouldrise,byaround5m.Butatthemoment,thereisnosignofthathappening.

OnerecentscientificpaperattemptedtocalculateprobabilitiesforhowmuchWestAntarcticmeltingwoul

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4.

Themostcommonmistakebeginningpaintersmakeisspendingtoo______timeandeffortlayingonthepaint.

5.WaterWarnings

UrgentTasksforChina

Waterhaslongbeenconsideredaninexhaustibleresource.ButChinaisfacinganunmistakablewatercrisis,andrecently,becauseofincreasinglyhard-to-misssymptomsoftheshortage,peopleinallpartsofsocietyarebeginningtorealizejusthowpreciouscommoditywaterreallyis.

Atfirstglance,itseemslikethereshouldbeenough:China'stotalsupplyoffreshwaterresourcesrankssixthintheworld,afterBrazil,Russia,Canada,theUnitedStatesandIndonesia.Butdespitethisapparentadvantage,China'spercapitawaterresourcesfallfarbelowtheworldaverageof7,600cubicmetersper-capitaduetothecountry'senormouspopulationsize.China'sper-capitaamountof2,200cubicmetersisexpectedtodecreasefurtherasthecountrycontinuesitsrapideconomicgrowthandpopulationexpansion.

"Withoutexcessivelyexploitingundergroundwater,Chinahasawatergapofnearly40billioncubicmeters.Thecountry's320millionruralpeoplearen'tabletodrinksafewaterandover400citiesdon'thavesufficientwatersupply,110ofwhichfaceaseriousshortage,"WangShucheng,MinisterofWaterResources,saidrecently.

Somewaterresourcesexpertswarnthatthecurrentshortageisnomorethanawarningsignal,withagreatercrisisyettocome.TheMinistryofWaterResourcesissuedawatercrisiswarningasearlyasNovember2001.AtthetimeitsaidthatwhentheChinesepopulationpeaksat1.6billionin2030,China'sper-capitawaterresourcescouldfallto1,700cubicmeters,theinternationallyacknowledgedlevelbelowwhichanareaissaidtobeexperiencing"waterstress".

PoorNaturalConditions

Scantwaterresourcestoslakethethirstsofapopulationof1.3billion,andtheunevengeographicaldistributionoftheseresources,form.thebasisofwaterconditionsinChina.

Affectedbymonsoons(季候風),China'sprecipitation(降水量)variesconsiderablyamongdifferent

seasons.Thetimeofprecipitationoverlaps(交迭)withthehottestseasons,mostlyinsummerandautumnandscarcelyinwinterandspring.Generally,regionswiththelowestprecipitationlevelsreceiveitconcentratedlyonlyatcertaintimesoftheyear,whicheasilygivesrisetodroughtinspringandfloodinginsummer.Meanwhile,twothirdsofChina'swaterresourcesiscomprisedofrunoffflooding,whichmeansriversoftenfloodintherainyseasonanddryupatothertimes.

China'swaterresourcesarealsodistributedgeographicallyunevenly,inconsistentwiththedistributionofland,mineralresourcesandproductivity.Generally,waterresourcesareconcentratedinthesouthernandeasternpartsofthecountry,andinmountainousareas.Annualprecipitationamountsvaryfrommorethan3,000millimetersinthesoutheasttolessthan50millimetersinthenorthwest.

Chinaispronetofloodsanddroughts,such-astheseveredroughtthathitChongqingandSichuaninsouthwestChinathissummer,thecountry'sworstin50years.Whilepercapitawaterresourcesinsomeareasofthenorthapproachthelevelofthedriestcountriesintheworld,thewater-richsouthoftensuffersfromseasonaldroughts,whichadverselyaffectsrice,themajorcropreliantonwatering,aswellasothercashcrops.Thelasttwodecadeshaveseenanominalchangeinthecountry'ssurfacewaterresourcesandtotalwaterresources.Yetcluetofactorssuchasglobalclimatechangeandriverdrainage,andtotalwaterresourcesinsouthChinaarerisingwhilewaterresourcesinthenortharefallingsignificantly.

ASeriesofMeasuresAdoptedbyChineseGovernment

Againstthesedifficultconditions,theChineseGovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestotryandguaranteethebasicwaterdemandsnecessaryfordailylifeandsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Sincethefoundingoft

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6.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedtoT-Painsince2005?

A.HehadtogiveupAuto-Tune.

B.Hebecameverysuccessful.

C.HemadeafortuneworkingforthePrince.

D.Hewonfameasteachersofwell-knownsingers.

7.Whataccountsfortheincreasingnumberofbackpainsufferersinmodernlifeisanumberoffactorssuchasoverweight,lackofexerciseand______.

A.plainageing

B.spinedefects

C.surgicalfailures

D.mentalstress

8.

Epiphytes,whichform.muchoftheunderstoryoftherainforest,getalltheirwaterandnutrientsfrom______.

9.

WhichyearisthefewestinviolationoffederalsmogstandardsinLosAngeles?

A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004

10.

EmekBaskethasstudiedtheimpactofWal-Martontheretailersin______.

A.Americancounties

B.Europeantowns

C.Americanmetropolis

D.citiesallovertheworld

11.

Someproposedtechnologicalsolutions,suchas______,canbeusedtobeatmisidentification.

12.

ThedemographicchangeinruralEuropewillhaveanegativeeffectoneveryaspectofthelocaleconomyfromtouristindustryincometoagriculturaloutputs.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.UnderdevelopedPeople

TheIndianslivingonthehighplainsoftheAndesMountains,inSouthAmerica,haveabackgroundrichinhistorybutrichinlittleelse.ThesesevenmillionpeoplefromthegreatoldIndiannationsliveinalandoffewtrees,poorsoil,cuttingwindsandbitingcold.Theirfarmsdonotgiveenoughfoodtosupportthem.Theirchildrenfromtheageofthreeorfourmustworkinthefields.Thedeathrateoftheirbabiesisamongthehighestintheworld,theirstandardsofeducationamongthelowest.Theyliveatheightsoftenorfifteenthousandfeet,whereeventheairlacksthethingsnecessaryforlife.

TheneedsoftheseIndians,scatteredacrossthreecountries--Ecuador,PeruandBolivia--aregreat.Theirproblemsaredifficultandtheirdiseasesaredeeplyrootedinanold-fashionedwayoflife.Probablynosingleprogramofhelpcangreatlybettertheircondition.Healthprogramsarenogoodwithoutfarmprograms,andfarmprogramsfailwheretherehavebeennoprogramsofeducation.

FiveinternationalorganizationshavecombinedeffortstoseektheanswerstotheproblemsoftheunfortunatedescendantsoftheIncaIndians.TheyareworkingwiththegovernmentsofPeru,BoliviaandEcuadoronwhattheycalltheAndeanMission.Sixareashavebeenformed,oneeachinEcuadorandPeru,fourinBolivia.Heremethodsaretestedtoattackpooreducation,poorfood,poorlivingconditionsanddiseaseallatonce.

Wepassedfieldsoflowcornandthinwheat.Wholevillageswereatworkplantingpotatoes.Themenformedalineandwalkedslowlybackward,beatingthesoilwithsticks.Thewomen,onhandsandknees,followedthemen,breakingthehardearthwiththeirhands.Theirredandorangeskirtsflashedbrightlyinthesun.Thescenewasbeautiful,buttheland,seedsandcropswereallpoor.

Uponarrivingatavillage,wewenttovisittheschoolforcarpenters.Itwasinanoldbuildingwherethirtyboyswereattendingclasses.Thereweretwoclassroomscontainingcompletesetsoftools.Isawmoretoolstherethaninanycarpenter'sshopinLatinAmerica.Mostoftheboyswerecuttingboardsforpractice.Theyworkedsteadilyanddidn'tevenlookupwhenweentered.

Theteacherremarkedthatthegreatestproblematthemomentwasfindingwood,asalmostnotreesgrowonahighplain.Someoneremarkedthatitwouldnottakelongfortheschooltoproducetoomanycarpentersinanareawithouttrees,wheremostofthebuildingswereofstoneormud.Thewoodbroughtfromthejunglewastoocostlyformostofthepeople.Theanswerwasthattheoriginalpurposeoftheschoolwastotraincarpentersandmechanicstogotootherpartsofthecountry.Theywouldworkwherethegovernmentisdevelopingnewvillagesattheedgeofthejungle.

Acrossfromthecarpentry-roomtherewasamachineforproducingelectricpower.Withittheboyswouldbetaughttheirfirstlessonsinelectricity.Otherboysstudiedcarrepairing.

Intheyardagroupofboyssurroundedalargetractor.Theteacherwasshowingthemhowtooperateit.Noonewassurehowmanyothertractorstherewereinthearea.Guessesrangedfromtwototen.Iftheschoolturnedoutmoreboystohandlethemthanthefarmscoulduse,therest,itwashoped,wouldseekalivinginthelowervillageswheremorepeoplelived.

Thenextday,againstthecuttingwindsoftheBolivianmountains,weweregoingtoavillagethatistheoldestofthefourBolivianprojectsoftheAndeanmission.Behindus,acrossthevalley,rainfellfromtheblackcloudsbeyondthesnowymountain-tops.Thewindandrainbeatagainstthecaraswetraveledacrosstheopenfieldstocometotheyardofanoldfarm.

Mytriphadbeenpannedatthelastminute.Sincethevillagehasnotelegraphtotelephoneservices,noo

A.NB.YC.NG

14.

HawalaBanks,becauseof______hasbeenatargetfordrugsdealersasawaytomovetheirmoneyaround.

15.Ifyonwanttoanswerthe12questionshonestly,youshouldknowwhatmakesyounotblindlyblameyourdepartmentfor______.

16.

AccordingtoMaryCzerwinski'sresearch,computerusersareconstantlyshiftingfromwindowtowindow,pausing______ateachone.

17.

Theword"hammock"inthispassagemeansasuspensioncagewhichcanbeswungtoandfrointheair.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Theauthormaintainsasthemarketsdistributeothergoodsthroughouttheeconomyandcostsomethingtheycanbeseenas______.

19.

TheancientOlympicGamesoriginatedfrom______thatwereheldtoshowrespecttheGodsoftheGreeks.

20.

Antipollutionlegislationshavebeenenactedthankstothecontinuedpressurefrom______.

A.grass-rootsorganizations

B.individualactivism

C.environmentalists

D.environmentalregulation

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(24)

A.Becauseshepassedthecomputersoftwareexam.

B.becauseshehadagreatpartylastnight.

C.Becauseshehadawonderfuldreamlastnight.

D.BecauseshewilltraveltoAustraliasoon.

22.聽力原文：Today,I'llbetalkingabouttheinventionofthecameraandphotography.Thecameraisoftenthoughttobeamodeminvention.Butasearlyas1727,aGermanphysicistdiscoveredthatlightdarkenssilversalt,achemicalcompound.Usingasacamera,abigboxwithsmallholetoletthelightin,hemadetemporaryimagesonthesalt.Silversaltisstillthebaseoffilmtoday.

ThenaFrenchscientistmadethefirstpermanentpicturebyusingaspecialpieceofmetalsensitizedwithsilversalt.Aphotographhemadein1826stillexists.Thepainter,Daguerreimprovedontheprocessbyplacingcommonsaltonthemetal,Thiswasin1839,theofficialdateofthebeginningofphotography,buttheproblemwastheprintingofthephotographs,anditwasn'tuntilotherscientistsdevelopedthekindofpaperwenowuse,thatgoodprintingwaspossibleandphotographbecametrulymodern.

In1860's,MatthewBradeywasabletotakehisfamouspicturesoftheAmericanCivilWar.Inthe20thcentury,GeorgeEastmanoftheUntiedStatessimplifiedfilmdeveloping,andDr.EdwinLandinventedtheso-called"instant"camerawithself-developingfilm.Ifwesaythatphotographycameintoexistencein1839itfollowsthatithastakenmorethanonehundredyearsforthecameratoreachitspresentconditionoftechnicalrefinement.

(30)

A.Lightdarkenssilversalt.

B.Lightdarkensnaturalsalt.

C.Lightdarkenssilver.

D.Lightdarkensself-developingfilm.

23.

【B4】

24.(31)

A.BuildingPyramids.

B.Exploringthespace.

C.Paintingapicture.

D.Makingplansfortransportation.

25.聽力原文：W:IcertainlywouldliketobuythebrownsuitIsawinthedepartmentstore,butIdon'thaveenoughmoney.ItseemsthatIalwaysrunoutofmoneywheneverIneedtouseit.

M:Well,ifyouspentyourmoneymorecarefully,youwouldbeabletobuyit.

Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman?

(17)

A.Sheshouldbecarefulabouthowtospendhermoney.

B.Sheshouldnotbuythebrownsuit.

C.Sheshouldthinkcarefullywhenshewantstobuythebrownsuit.

D.Hewouldhelphertobuythebrownsuit.

26.(41)

27.(42)

28.

【B6】

29.聽力原文：W:IthoughtTomsaidhegotanAinourhistorytest.

M:Mary,youshouldknowbetterthantotakeTom'swordstooseriously.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(15)

A.Tomisveryresponsible.

B.Tom'swordsaren'treliable.

C.WhatTomsaidistrue.

D.Tornisnothumorousatall.

30.聽力原文：W:(22)Idon'tknowifwe'llbeabletospareawholedayattheOceanPark.We'veonlygotfourdaysinHongKong,remember?

M:Oh,right,well,inthatcase,I'dadviseyoutogetthereearly.(22)1topensat10o'clockinthemorningonweekends.Look,IthinkI'vegotaplanoftheplacesomewhere.Letmesee..,yes,hereweare.Youcanhavethis.

W:Thanks.

M:OK,I'llshowyou.Let'sstartwiththelowerlevel.See?Here?Youarrivebytaxiorbusorwhateverhere,ontheright,canyousee?That'sthebusterminal.Andyougointhroughthemainentrance.(23)YoncouldgototheWaterworldfirstbutIthinkyou'dbetterskipthatasyou'reshortoftime.

W:Icanseethecablecars.

M:OK,walkpastthecablecarterminal,atthebottomoftheplan,(24)andbearrightpasttheWaterfallGardens.Actually?havealookin,thereareducksandotherbirdsinthepoolthere-it'sverypretty.Thenyou'llseesomestepsupontheleft.Followthatpathandyou'llcometotheCentenaryGardenwhichisagoodplacetostopandtakepicturesifyou'vegotyourcamera.

W:What'sthenextplace?

M:Thencarryonuntilyou'realmostattheChildrenZoo.Ittakesquitealongtimetowalkaround.ButIdorecommendthe"touchandfeed"sectionopposite,asIsaid.(25)Thefunfairisveryinteresting?butit’sgreatfunforolderchildren.

(23)

A.TheWaterfallGarden.

B.Thetheatre.

C.TheWaterWorld.

D.TheOceanPark.

31.(25)

A.Stayuptoolate.

B.Misshercardgame.

C.Indulgeinplayinggames.

D.Taketooheavyaworkloadnextsemester.

32.【B9】

33.(13)

A.Heoftencutsclassestoplaybasketball.

B.Hehasnochancetoplaybasketball.

C.He'slookingforsomebodytoplaythegamewith.

D.Helovesplayingbasketballverymuch.

34.

【B10】

35.【B1】

36.(21)

A.Experimentalmedicines.

B.Specialtreatmentcenters.

C.Flexibleworkingschedule.

D.Innovativephysicalexercises.

37.聽力原文：M:That'stoobadwedon'thaveanyonewhocanplaydefenseinourteam,Madam.

W:Youareright,butcheerup!Don'tyouseewehaveplentyofplayerswhocanshootthree-pointers?

Q:Whatistheiradvantageaccordingtothewoman?

(17)

A.Theycanimprovetheirteam'sdefenseveryquickly.

B.Theyhavelotsofthree-pointshooters.

C.Theirteammemberscanshootaccurately.

D.Theirthree-pointshootersarebetterthanotherteams.

38.(22)

A.Exchangethecomputerforthewoman.

B.Refundthewoman'smoney.

C.Givethewomananythingshelikesinthestore.

D.Givethewomanastorecreditwithwhichshecanbuyanythinginthestore.

39.聽力原文：W:Hi,Jack.

M:Ah,Mary.Howareyou?

W:Oh,fine.How'sitgoing?Haveyoujusthadaclass?Youlookalittletired.

M:Yeah.Ijustfinishedmylisteningclass.Itwasalittlebitdifficulttome.SometimesIreallycannotfollowtheteacher.

W:Yeah,it'salwaysdifficultinthebeginning.IfounditquitehardwhenIfirstarrived.Mnn...butyouknow,whatreallymadeadifferencewasgoingonthesesocialactivitiesthatthecollegearrangesforyou.ItgivesyouachancetopractiseyourEnglishand...

M:Hmm...I'veheardthatthecollegeisprettygoodaboutorganizingthosekindsofthings.I'dlovetogoofcourse.ButhowdoIfindoutaboutthem?

W:Well,I'vejustpickedupascheduletoday.Let's...let'shavealookatit.Hereitis...They'vegotsingingwithGuitaronMondaynights.SoIwenttothislastweek.

M:Really?

W:Yes.It'squitegoodfun.Theyteachyoumodernandtraditionalsongs.

M:But,I'mnotmuchofasinger.

W:Oh,comeon.Youshouldgo.It'sokifyoudonotsingwell.It'dbeagoodwaytopractiseyourEnglish.

M:Yes.Allfight.Wait,whattimedoesthissingingthingfinish?Ihaveanappointmentwithoneofmyprofessorsat8:30.

W:Usuallyitstartsat7o'clock,andkindalastsabouttwohours,butImean,wecanalwaysleaveearlier,theydon'tmind.

M:Oh,thatwillbegreat.Icandoboth.

(20)

A.Heshouldlistenmoretotheteacher.

B.Heshouldtakepartinsomesocialactivities.

C.Heshouldmakeanappointmentwithhisprofessor.

D.HeshouldlearntosingEnglishsongs.

40.聽力原文：W:Apartywithgreatfun,isn'tit?I'msohappytoseethatallguestsenjoyedthemselveshere.Howaboutsomemorebananapie,Peter?

M:Youwouldn'thavetoforcemetotakeanotherhelping,darling.

Q:Whatdoestheman'sresponseimply?

(16)

A.Hehatestobeforcedtohaveonemorepie.

B.Hewantsanotherpieceofbananapie.

C.Hepreferstotryanotherkindofpie.

D.Heneedssomehelpmakingbananapie.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

B.peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

C.weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

D.itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

42.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...stoppingtryingtoachievesomethingisoftenkeytoachievingit"?

A.Peoplecouldavoidfailurebyescapingfromthereality.

B.Itismuchwiserforpeopletojustwaitforthechances.

C.Retreatingtohaveinsightwillcontributetoachievement.

D.Freedomisafundamentalbasistorealizeone'sdream.

43.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Onlyfewmencanparticipateincombatactivities.

B.Onlyfewwomencanparticipateincombatactivities.

C.Thereareafewmodernwarswhichcanbedonebymen.

D.Therearefewmodernwarswhichcannotbedonebywomen.

44.【S3】

45.

Accordingtothewriter,newknowledgemaycomefrom

A.relatingnewideastooldones

B.advancedlearners'ideas

C.whatwehavealreadyknown

D.makingsenseoutofexperiences

46.

Accordingtotheauthor,menareunitedmoststronglyby______.

A.self-interest

B.fearofcommonenemy

C.discontentwithacommonoppressor

D.thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld

47.

【C9】

48.

【C7】

49.

Thesecondparagraphtalksmostclearlyabout______.

A.thecausesoffatalroadaccidents

B.themechanismoftheawakesystem

C.thewaystoawakethedozingdrivers

D.thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem

50.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardscomputer?

A.enthusiasticB.approvingC.criticalD.neutral

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

MillionsofU.S.collegestudentswillhavetoshouldermoreofthecostoftheireducationunderfederalrulesimposedlatelastmonththroughabureaucratic(官僚政治的)adjustmentrequiringneitherCongressionalapprovalnorpubliccommentofanykind.Thechanges,onlyaslightalterationintheformulagoverningfinancialaid,areexpectedtodiminishthegovernment'scontributiontohighereducationbyhundredsofmillionsofdollars,startingintheautumnof2004.Buttheywillalsohavearippleeffectacrossalmosteveryleveloffinancialaid,shrinkingthepoolofstudentswhoqualifyforfederalawards,tighteningaccesstobillionsofdollarsinstateandinstitutionalgrants,andheighteningtherelianceonloanstopayforcollege.

Howmuchmoremoneythismayrequireofstudentsandtheirparentswillvarywidely,changingwitheachfamily'ssetofcircumstances.Somefamiliesmaybeexpectedtopayanextra$100orlesseachyear,whileothersmayowewellover$1,000more.Whilemanycollegeadministratorscharacterizedthechangeasabackdoorwaytocuteducationspending,withoutpublicdiscussion,theDepartmentofEducationsaiditwassimplyexecutingitsresponsibilitiesunderfederallaw.

Whetherfurnishedbycolleges,statesorthefederalgovernment,thevastmajorityofthenation's$90billioninfinancialaidisdictatedbyasingle,intricateequationknownasthefederalneedanalysis.Itspurposeistomakeouthowmuchofafamily'sincomeistrulydiscretionary(自由支配的),andthereforefairgameforcoveringcollegeexpenses.Muchlikethefederalincometax,theformulaallowsfamiliestodeductsomeofwhattheypayinstateandlocaltaxes.But,thisyear,thedepartmentsignificantlyreducedthatamount,insomecasescuttingitinhalf.Onpaper,atleast,thatleavesfamilieswithmoremoneyleftovertopayforcollege,eventhoughstateandlocaltaxeshavegoneupoverthelastyear,notdown.

Inthe2004—2005academicyear,whenthechangesfirsttakeeffect,parentswhoearn$50,000ayearmaybeexpectedtocontribute$700orsobeyondwhattheyarealreadypaying,accordingtoanindependentanalysisconductedbyaconsultingfirmthathelpsuniversitiessetenrollmentandaid.Thoseearningabout$25,000mayoweonlyanextra$165orless,whilefamiliesearning$80,000couldbeexpectedtopayanadditional$1,100ormore.

Theexpression"rippleeffect"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans"__________".

A.chainreaction

B.cumulativeeffect

C.immediateresponse

D.long-lastingimpact

52.

Theevidencecollectedshowsus______.

A.concentratedwealthleadstopeople'slongerandhappierlife

B.lower-positionedpeoplemayenjoyhigherhealthandrelaxation

C.peopleinplacenolongerdominatingwillnotfeelstressed

D.identityexposed,lower-statuspeoplewillperform.worsethannormal

53.

"Anindependenttechnician"inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphmeans______.

A.atechnicianwhochecksacarfreeofcharge

B.atechnicianwholearnedhistradeallbyhimself

C.atechnicianwhoworksforaparticularcar-dealer

D.atechnicianwhorunshisowninspectionservice

54.

Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.16ssoftentalkedaboutthan

55.

Theauthormaymostprobablyagreethat______.

A.itisatrendthatbusinessestodaygoglobal

B.businessesareveryreluctanttogoglobal

C.themarketoftheUnitedStatesshouldnotbethatopen

D.Americanbusinessescanmakemoremoneyiftheyonlysellhomemadeproducts

56.

ManyAmericanandEuropeancompa