2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)通遼市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級

2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)通遼市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Youneedtounplugtheelectricblanketbeforeyougotobed,becauseeventhoughthereisno______whentheyareturnedoff,theremaystillbeahighelectricfield.

2.

Animalscannotsurvivesomecatastrophiceventssuchasstarvation,disease,orcompetitionfromotherspecies.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Thepaintingprocesscanaltogetherbebrokendowninto______.

4.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof_______andotherhydrocarbongases.

5.

Spread-spectrumfrequencycantransmitthesamefrequencyatthesametimeformorethanonedevice.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

DuringtheWorldWarI,millionsofAmericansoldiersformedthehabitof______.

7.

Sellingthingsinthemarketplaceis______.

8.Stressismostlikelytorisefromconditionsinwhich______.

A.twopersonswithdifferentcharacteristicsworktogether

B.apersonalwaysrecallspastpainfulexperience

C.apersonhasjustgetoveraseriousphysicaldisease

D.parentsabusetheirchildrentoomuchinearlynurturing

9.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheFutureofTelevision:What'sonNext?

BossesinthetelevisionindustryhavebeenkeepinganervouseyeontwoScandinavianswithareputationforcausingtrouble.InrecentyearsNiklasZennstrom,aSwede,findJanusFriis,aDane,havefrightenedthemusicindustrybyinventingKaZaA,a"peer-to-peer"(P2P)file-sharingprogramthatwaswidelyusedtodownloadmusicwithoutpayingforit.ThentheyhorrifiedthemightytelecomsindustrybyinventingSkype,anotherP2Pprogram,whichletsInternetusersmakefreetelephonecallsbetweencomputers,andverycheapcallstoordinaryphones.Theirnextmovewastofoundyetanotherstart-up--thistime,onethatthreatenedtodevastate(毀壞)thetelevisionindustry.

Itmaydotheopposite,asitturnsout.Thenewservice,calledJoostandnowinadvancedtesting,isbasedonP2Psoftwarethatrunsonpeople'scomputers,justlikeSkypeandKaZaA.Anditdoesindeedpromisetotransform.theexperienceofwatchingtelevisionbycombiningwhatpeoplelikeaboutold-fashionedTVwiththeexcitingpossibilitiesoftheInternet."ButunlikeKaZaAandSkype,"saysFredrikdeWahl,aSwedewhomMr.ZennstromandFriishavehiredasJoost'sboss,"Joostdoesnotdisrupttheindustrythatitisentering.Instead,ratherthanundercuttingtelevisionnetworksandproducers,Joostmight,asitwere,givethemnewjuice."

ThatisbecauseMr.deWahlandhisJoostteam,workingmostlyintheNetherlands,havebravelyignoredthetotems(圖騰)oftheInternet-videoboom.Chiefamongthesefashionsislettingusersuploadanythingtheywanttoavideoservice--whichmightincludeclipsofthemselvesdoingoddthings("user-generatedcontent")or,morequestionably,videospiratedfromothersources.ThecelebratedexampleofthisapproachisYouTube,whichisnowpartofGoogle,theleaderinInternetsearch.Itsbigproblem,however,isthatitcanbeillegal(ifcopyrightisviolated)andterriblyhardtoturnintoabusiness.

OnFebruary2ndViacom,anAmericanmediagiant,becamethelatestcompanytodemandthatYouTuberemovecopyright-infringing(侵犯版權(quán)的)clipsfromitswebsite.YouTubehasstruckdealswithsomemediafirms,includingNBCandCBS,toallowtheirmaterialtoappearonitssite,andhadbeentryingtothrashoutasimilaragreementwithViacom.ManyobserversregardViacom'smoveasanegotiatingtactic.ButwhetherYouTubecanmakemoneyisunclear.LastmonthChadHurley,YouTube'schiefexecutive,sketchedoutplansforgeneratingadvertisingrevenuesandsharingthemwithcontentproviders,butsofarhisfirmhasnonetospeakof.

TheInnovationofJoost

Joostisalsoignoringthetwobusinessmodelsseenasthemostrespectablealternativestoadvertising.Oneistomakeuserspayforeachtelevisionshoworfilmtheydownload,butthentoletthemkeepit.ThisisthetackchosenbyApple,anelectronicsfirmthatsellsvideosoniTunes,itspopularonlinestore;byAmazon,thelargestonlineretailer;andbyWal-Mart,thelargesttraditionalretailer,whichlaunchedavideo-downloadservicethisweek.Theotherapproachistoletuserssubscribetowhatis,ineffect,anall-you-can-eatbuffetofvideos,andthento"stream"videototheircomputerswithoutleavingapermanentcopy.Thisistheapproachtakenby,forinstance,Netflix,aCalifornianfirmthatmostlydeliversDVDstoitssubscribersbypost,butnowals

A.thetelecomsindustry

B.themusicandtelecomsindustry

C.thetelecomsandtelevisionindustry

D.themusic,telecomsandtelevisionindustry

10.

BothMarkandCzerwinskinoticedthatsomecomputerusersreliedon______asreminderstohelpthemcopewithdistractions.

11.

It'sthemonitoringfunctionthatmakesthehostprocessorfinallysolveadisputeaboutatransaction.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionisagreatsocialevent.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Infat-burningexercise,oneofthemostimportantgoalisto______.

14.

Awebsiteisachannelthroughwhichcompaniescanpromotetheirproductsandcompete______.

15.

Theresearchersarelookingafterwardsfor______.

A.theproteinstostopHIVvirus

B.thebloodofthosewhowerevaccinated

C.thebloodofthosewhowerenotvaccinated

D.themoleculesthataremoreabundantinhealthypeople

16.

Acidrainmaydamagetrees,soilsandacceleratethedecayofbuildings.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

AnE-languagelearningsystemcalledChengoishopefultohelpchildrenlearnChineseforthissoftwarecaptures___________withstories,gamesandanimationsbasedonthe2008Olympics.

18.

BernicediscardedthemealsdeliveredbyMealsonWheels,believing______.

19.

RebellosaidthattheAmazondroughtcouldbelinkedto______.

20.

Ifyouhaveanyconcernaboutanewdrugoritssideeffects,youcanaskyourdoctororpharmacistquestions,orcallthedrugcompanyfor______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B4】

22.(21)

A.Becauseitservesonlyafewspecialties.

B.Becauseit'stoocrowded.

C.Becauseit'stoocostly.

D.Becausetheserviceistooslow.

23.(45)

24.(36)

A.Itmayexistintheneighborhoodofbigstars.

B.Itmayexistintheneighborhoodofagalaxy.

C.ItmayexistatthecenterofX-rays.

D.Itmayexistatthecenterofagalaxy.

25.(41)

26.(28)

A.Peopleneededplacestoworkandlive.

B.Citygovernmentwasencouragingexpansion.

C.Therewerefewclearlydefinedneighborhoods.

D.Realestatedevelopmentwasuncontrolled.

27.(35)

A.Therearealtogetherthreedepartmentswhichprotectcustomersandworkers.

B.Acompanywithpoorordangerousworkingconditionsislikelytobepunished.

C.Storesdealinginfoodsanddrugsarecontrolledbythelocalgovernment.

D.Theprotectionofworkers'healthandsafetyisstillnotwellensured.

28.(31)

A.Byclingingtoaninnertubeandfloatinginthesea

B.BybringingillegalmigrantstoFlorida.

C.Byplayinghide-and-seekwiththehelicopter.

D.Byholdingabattlebetweenhisfatherandrelatives.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightanddonotsleepbeforeanexam.Twoseparatestudiesshowthismaydomoreharmthangood.Thestudiesfoundthatagoodnight'ssleepmayimprovememory.ThefindingsofbothstudiesappearedinthepublicationNature.

ScientistsattheUniversityofChicagodidoneofthem.Theytrainedstudentstolistentounclearspeechproducedbyamachine.Somestudentslistenedtotherecordingafteranightofsleep.Othersweretestedtwelvehoursafterthetraining,withnosleep.Guesswhat?Thestudentswhosleptunderstoodtherecordingbetter.

ProfessorDanielMargoliashsayssleephasatleasttwoeffectsonlearning.Oneistostrengthenmemoriesandprotectthemagainstinterference.Thesecondistorecovermemoriesthathavebeenlost.

TheotherstudytookplaceatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.Scientiststrainedone-hundredpeopletorepeattwoseriesoffingermovements.Theactwassimilartoplayingnotesonapiano.Peoplewhosleptbetweenlearningthefirstseriesandtheseconddidthebest.Thestudysuggestedthatmemoriesarerecordedinthreesteps.Scientistssaytheprocessissimilartothewayacomputerstoresinformation.Inhumans,theysay,thesecondsteprequiressleep.

(27)

A.Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightbeforeanexam.

B.Sleepmayimprovememory.

C.Examsmayharmmemory.

D.Sleepcanimprovelisteningability.

30.(34)

A.Becausethefurnituretheygetinthiswayisnew.

B.Becauseitsavesthemalotofmoney.

C.Becauseitsavesthemmuchtroubleandmoney.

D.Becausetheycangetbetterqualityfurnitureinthisway.

31.聽力原文：W:I'msorry,Sir.Thetrainissomewhatbehindschedule.TakeaseatandI'llnotifyyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.

M:Thankyou.I'lljustsithereandreadamagazineinthemeantime.

Q:Whatcanyouconcludeaboutthetrainfromtheconversation7

(16)

A.Thetrainiscrowded.

B.Thetrainislate.

C.Thetrainisempty.

D.Thetrainisontime.

32.(29)

A.Meat,fishandfruits.

B.Differentinsects,wildfruitsandroots.

C.Seal,boar,whalemeatandfish.

D.Differentanimalsandvegetables.

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Oneimportantthingaboutartmovementsisthattheirpopularitycanbeaffectedbysocialconditions,whicharethemselvesoftenaffectedbyhistoricalevents.Asanexample,lookatwhathappenedintheUnitedStatesearlyinthe20thcentury,aroundthetimeoftheGreatDepression,theartmovementknownastheRegionalismhadbegunintheUnitedStatesevenbeforetheDepressionoccurred.Butitreallyflourishedinthe1930s,duringthedepressionyears.Why?Well,manyartistswhobadbeenlivinginbigcitieswereforcedbytheeconomiccrisistoleavethosebigcitiesandmovehacktotheirsmalltownsinruralAmerica.Someoftheseartistscametotrulyembracethelifeinsmalltownsandtorejectcitylifeinso-called"sophisticatedsociety".Theseartistsorspecificallycertainpaintersreallybuilttheregionalistmovement.Theycreatedthingsineverydaylifeinsmalltownsorfarmingareas.Andtheirstyle.wasnotallneutral,reallybigglorifiedorromanticizedcountrylife,showingitstable,wholesome,andembodyingimportantAmericantraditions.Andthisstyle.becameverypopular,inpartbecauseoftheeconomicconditionsofthetime.Yousee,theDepressionhadcausedmanyAmericanstobegintodoubttheirsociety.ButregionalismartistspaintedscenesthatglorifiedAmericanvalues,scenesthatmanyAmericanscouldeasilyidentifywith.Sothemovementhelpedstrengthenpeople'sfaithintheircountry,faiththathadweakenedastheresultofthedepression.Butinthe1940s,beforeandaftertheSecondWorldWar,Americanculturebegantotakeonatouchmoreinternationalspirit,andRegionalism,withitsfocusonsmalltownlife.well,itlostatotofpopularity,asAmericansocietychangedonceagain.

(27)

A.Howhistoricaleventsaffectedanartmovement.

B.Howartistscaninfluenceeconomicconditions.

C.Whyacertainartmovementfailedtobecomepopular.

D.Howvaluablepaintingswerelostduringwartime.

34.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneontheamass【B1】______ortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairly【B2】______Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnotsuchchoice,forthejobsmustbe【B3】______onatthesametime.Becausewe【B4】______soheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproduce【B5】______inmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whose【B6】______makethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbe【B7】______tounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersof【B8】______services.

Ineducation,thereshouldbe【B9】______.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolves【B10】______.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Thisbalanceisalsoveryimportant.【B11】______,theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishesmaterialsthatform.thebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

【B1】

35.

【B3】

36.(14)

A.HethinksDavidisnotreliable.

B.He'swillingtotrustDavid.

C.HehastoldhisdoubtstoDavid.

D.HethinksDavidwillbenefitfromthisexperience.

37.【B10】

38.(22)

A.Itisclosetotheschool.

B.Itischeap.

C.Ithasconvenientfacilities.

D.Thetenantagreementisgood.

39.(25)

A.Arealisticgoalforlearnersistoreachacertainleveloflanguageproficiency,notnativefluency.

B.Studentscanachievenative-likepronunciationthroughfocusedstudy.

C.Learnersshouldinteractwithnativespeakerstogaingreaterfluency.

D.Teachersneedtohelpstudentsfosteragoodself-esteemandconfidence.

40.

【B6】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.ScientistshavelongbelievedonewaytostoptheEarth'satmospherefromwarmingisbyplantingmoretrees.Theideaisthatmoretreeswilltakeinorabsorbstoneofthecarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Carbondioxideisagasreleasedbycars,factoriesandotherhumanactivities.ThegastrapsheatintheEarth'satmosphere,whichwarmstileplanet.However,twonewstudieshavefoundthattreesmaynotbeashelpfulinreducingcarbondioxideashadbeenthought.

ThefirststudywasdoneatDukeUniversityinDurham,NorthCarolina.Researcherspumpedextracarbondioxideintoatestareawherepinetreesweregrowing.Thetreesgrewthirty-fourpercentfasterduringthefirstthreeyears.However,intime,thetreesslowedtoabouttheirnormalgrowthrate.Thescientistssaythisisbecausetreesneedothernutrients,suchasnitrogen.

Inthesecondstudy,researchersfromDukeandBowdoinCollegeinBrunswick,Maineexaminedthesoilaroundtrees.Theydiscoveredthatastheleavesbrokedownintothesoil,allthecarbonwasnottrappedinthesoil.Muchofitwasreleasedintotheatmosphereascarbondioxide.

ThefindingsofthetwostudieswerepublishedlastmonthinNaturemagazine.Theysuggestthereislimitedvalueinplantingtreestoreducethecarbondioxidepollutionintheatmosphere.

Forestplantinghasbeenapartofnegotiationsonaworldagreementtoreducegreenhousegasesthatscientistsbelievecauseglobalwarming.TheUnitedStates,Canada,Japanandsomeotherindustrialcountrieshavesupportedtheidea.Butthisnewresearchsuggeststheideaisnotaseffectiveasenvironmentalactivistshadthought.ScientistRamOrenofDukeUniversityledthestudyontreegrowth.Hesaysthatearlierestimatesontheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbondioxidewereoverlyhopeful.Somescientistsnotinvolvedinthestudiessaytheresearchprovidessomeofthefirstevidenceonhowtreesreacttocarbondioxide.Otherscientistssaytheresearchdisputesabeliefamongsomecoalandpowercompanies.Thecompaniessaythatrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewillnotcreateharmfulglobalwarming.Instead,theysayitwillincreaseforestsandotherplants.

Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Introducesomenewideasabouttherelationshipbetweentreesandcarbondioxide.

B.Introducerecentconditionofglobalindustrialpollution.

C.Callonpeopletoplantmoretreestoreducegreenhousegases.

D.Pointoutthatpowercompaniesshouldberesponsiblefortherisinglevelsofcarbondioxide.

42.

Thelastwordofthepassage"addictive"means______.

A.excessiveB.enthusiasticC.dependentD.progressive

43.

Inwhatsituation,AmericanlifeexpectancyprobablyranksinlinewithNewZealand?

44.

Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'sviewonthismajorincrease?

A.Hecannotdecideifitwillbeeffectivetopreventillegalimmigrations.

B.HebelievesthatthenumberofGuardtroopsislargerthannecessary.

C.HethinksthereisstillhopefortheHousetoapprovetheproposal.

D.lierespectsitsaimbutdoubtsitsfeasibility.

45.

Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit______.

46.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope______.

A.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

B.mayleadtoanti-scientific"impure"results

C.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

D.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofthecell

47.

AccordingtothepassageIcelandersallswimoutdoorsincoldweather,aretheyreallysuperiorhardiness?

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

TheIndustrialAgehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheform.ofjobs.TheIndustrialAgemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadaunting(使人畏縮的)thought.But,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremoved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelovesandtheplacesinwhichtheylove.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttothepaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantform.ofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat______.

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Researchthatwentinto'developingthehighlyspecializedtechnologyforspacetravelhasresultedinmanyunexpectedpracticalapplicationsbackonearth.Outoftheengineeringthatproducedrocketmotors,liquidpropellants,spacesuits,andothernecessitiesofspaceflightcameby-productsthatnoonehadanticipated.Equipmentandproceduresdesignedforastronautsandspaceflightshavebeensuccessfullyadaptedforuseinmedicine,industry,andthehome.Thesevaluableproductsofspaceresearch,calledspin-offs,haveimprovedthequalityoflifeonearthinmanyways.

Someofthebest-knownexamplesofspin-offsfromspaceresearcharefoundinhospitalsanddoctors'offices.Onesuchexampleisthesightswitch,whichwasoriginallydevelopedtoallowastronautstocontroltheirspacecraftwithoutusingtheirhands.Thesightswitchisnowusedbyhandicappedpeopletooperatedevicesusingeyemovements.Anotherspin-offisthevoicecommanddevice,whichwasdesignedtoenableastronautstosteertheirspacecraftbyvoicecommand.Thisdeviceisnowbeingusedtohelpdeafpeoplelearntospeak.

Doctorshavealsobenefitedfromthetechnologyrequiredtomakeminiatureelectronicinstrumentssmallenoughanddurableenoughfortripsintospace.Fromthistechnologyhavecomehearingaidsthesizeofanaspirinandtelevisioncamerassmallenoughtobeattachedtoasurgeon'sheadtogivemedicalstudentsaclose-upviewofanoperation.

Biotelemetry,whichwasdevelopedtomonitorthephysicalsignsofastronautsbycheckingtheirtemperature,brain-waveactivity,breathingrate,andheartbeat,offersdoctorsanewmeansofmonitoringhospitalpatients.Biosensorsattachedtothebodysenddatabywireorradio.Thisinformationisdisplayedonterminalsfordoctorstoanalyze.

AerospacescientistsinEnglanddevelopedaspecialbedforastronautsthatisnowusedforburnpatients.Itenablesthemtofloatonacushionofair.Theburnscanhealmorequicklybecausetheydonotrubagainstthebed.

Whatdoesthetechnicalterm"spin-offs"referto?

50.

Theword"amygdala"(Para.4)probablyreferstotheareainthebrainthat______.

A.memorizesfearfulsituations

B.reactstofearfulsituations

C.controlnegativeemotions

D.reflectsunforgettableimages

51.

Accordingtothepassage,numbersenseinanimalsappearstobe______.

A.restrictedtoaboutonedozenspeciesorless

B.presentchieflyinwingedcreatures

C.similartoafacultypossessedtymeninallstagesofdevelopment

D.asintricateascounting

52.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehavior.ofyourchildren,Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris'sattackonthedevelopmentalists'"nature"argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同齡人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratheracharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople'schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

AccordingtoMs.Harris,______.

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavior.oftheirchildren

B.parentswillaffectgreatlythechildren'slifeinthelongrun

C.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren'spersonalitydevelopment

D.children'spersonalityisshapedbytheirfriendandneighbors

53.

Bythispassage,thea