完形填空、閱讀理解技巧講解和練習

./完形填空基礎(chǔ)建構(gòu)：小學完形填空主要考察：1.動詞的變化；2.詞匯的常用搭配。應對完形填空的考查點基本上相同,應對完形填空的學習,我們需要培養(yǎng)：第一,勤于朗讀和背誦,熟讀和熟記常用的表達應對詞匯常用搭配的考查；第二,課堂上,注意語法的講授,通過做講義練習進行鞏固應對動詞變化的考查。ALili,look1thepicture.It’s2pictureofourclassroom.Inthepicture,youcanseesomedesks3chairs.4theblackboard,youcanseetwoblackandwhitecats.Amapis5thedoor.It’samap6Beijing.Underthe7deskisaball,butyoucan’tseeit.ThegirlinthehatismygoodfriendKate.Sheisanewstudent.Sheis8Englishgirl.Shelooks9Lucy.Buttheyaren’t10.<>1.A.in B.at C.to D.on<>2.A.a B.an C.the D./<>3.A.or B.but C.and D.there<>4.A.In B.Of C.At D.On<>5.A.at B.in C.under D.behind<>6.A.of B.on C.in D.for<>7.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.ofteacher<>8.A./ B.the C.an D.a<>9.A.at B.after C.like D.thesame<>10.A.boys B.girls C.twins D.studentsBJimandTomare1.Theylook2same.Theyare3.They’retwelve.TheyareinNo.14Middle4.They’reinthesame5.Butthey6inthesameroom.Jimisin7301andTomisinRoom302.8classmatesalllook9them.Nowtheyaregood10.<>1.A.twinsister B.twinssistersC.twinbrothers D.twinsbrothers<>2.A.a B.an C.the D.×<>3.A.new B.newstudentC.anewstudent D.anew<>4.A.school B.School C.schools D.Schools<>5.A.class B.Class C.classes D.Classes<>6.A.is B.isn’t C.are D.aren’t<>7.A.room B.Room C.rooms D.Rooms<>8.A.He B.His C.They D.Their<>9.A.at B.like C.after D.to<>10.A.friend B.friends C.student D.studentsCI1apicture.It’sapicture2aschool.3thepictureyoucanseeaschoolandsometrees.Youcanseesomeboysandgirls.Theyare4thetrees.Theschoolisamiddleschool.Look5thesetwoboys.6theygoodfriends7brothers?8istheirteacher?Oh,sorry,I910.<>1.A.is B.am C.are D.have<>2.A.to B.or C.of D.and<>3.A.In B.To C.On D.At<>4.A.in B.on C.under D.behind<>5.A.at B.of C.to D.like<>6.A.Am B.Is C.Are D.Be<>7.A.but B.of C.or D.and<>8.A.How B.Who C.What D.Which<>9.A.isn’t B.don’t C.amnot D.aren’t知識銜接進入初中后,英語完形填空的難度增加了,那么同學們在做題的時候一定要注意：通讀全文,了解文章大意了解文章大意的好處在于對語篇有一個整體的了解,可以避免斷章取義,減少解題時的盲目性。但在迅速瀏覽全文的過程中,切勿望生詞而卻步,恰恰相反,碰到不明白的地方應掠過去,等到填空需要細讀時再去理會。抓住首尾句在閱讀時要特別注意文章的第一句和最后一句,因為它們通常是文章的主題句,是全文的中心所在。然后讀一遍選項,知道均有哪些備選項。再讀全文可以邊讀邊用鉛筆試著將選項的內(nèi)容填在空白處。這是一個關(guān)鍵性的分析判斷階段,要瞻前顧后,仔細研究上下文,不能只看空格前后兩個詞,而是應該看完整的句子。這時,應調(diào)動你學過的全部語言知識,明確題目要考查的是你哪方面知識的掌握。根據(jù)語言知識和語法知識解題完形填空中有相當一部分題涉及各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)、基本語法要點、固定搭配以及習慣用法。因此,在解題時需要運用掌握的語言知識和語法知識解題。聯(lián)系上下文要學會利用上下文中的各種語言線索和已有的語言知識來選詞,切不可不讀全文,見一空填一詞。如果遇到一時難以確定的答案可先不填,先去做后面的,或有把握的,待填完其他空白后,再回過頭來做前面的。有時候,前后空白往往形成相互提示和補充。同時,還可利用排除法,首先排除不合題意的選項,然后反復比較剩下的選項,這樣就可以略為簡單一些。運用背景知識解題背景知識在解答填空題時往往具有重要的輔助作用。有些空格不需要花費太多的時間去研究上下文,有些無論從上下文還是從詞匯、語法著眼都無法找到解題信息,而運用背景知識也許很快能找到答案。因此,注意背景知識的運用是很有必要的。最后還要利用自己各方面的知識和語言知識、歷史知識、生活常識等,細微分析比較,理解中心,全面驗證。ATom

and

Fred

were

talking

about

the

year

2050."What

will

__1__

be

like

in

the

year

2050?"

asked

Tom."I

don’t

know,"

said

Fred.

"What

do

you

think?""Well,

no

one

knows.

But

it

is

2

to

guess,"

said

Tom.

"In

the

year

2050

everybody

will

3

a

pocketcomputer.

The

computer

will

give

people

the

__4

to

all

their

problems.

We

shall

all

have

telephones

in

our

pockets,

__5__.

And

we’ll

be

able

to

talk

to

our

friends

all

over

the

world.

Perhaps

we’ll

be

able

to

__6__

them

at

the

same

time.

Machines

will

do

__7__

of

the

work,

and

people

will

have

more

__8__.

Perhaps

they

will

work

only

two

or

three

days

a

week.

They

will

be

able

to

fly

to

the

moon

by

spaceship

and

spend

their

holidays

there.""I’m

very

__9__

to

hear

that.

I

hope

to

fly

to

the

moon.

And

I

hope

I’ll

be

able

to

live

__10__,"

said

Fred

.

"Won’t

that

be

interesting?

Just

like

a

fish."<

>

1.

A.

the

traffic

B.

a

factory

C.

the

world

D.

our

home<

>

2.

A.

pleased

B.

no

use

C.

interesting

D.

unusual<

>

3.

A.

bring

B.

give

C.

send

D.

carry<

>

4.

A.

ways

B.

things

C.

answers

D.

news<

>

5.

A.

again

B.

too

C.

also

D.

either<

>

6.

A.

see

B.

look

C.

listen

D.

call<

>

7.

A.

many

B.

lot

C.

every

D.

most<

>

8.

A.

duty

B.

holidays

C.

times

D.

work<

>

9.

A.

glad

B.

sure

C.

afraid

D.

sorry<

>

10.A.

in

the

sea

B.

on

land

C.

on

the

mountain

D.

under

the

ground1-5：CCDCB6-10：ADBAABTheTurners1America.Theyarenow2Beijing.ThisistheirfirstvisittoChina.TheyaregoingtostayinChina3threemonths.Theywanttovisitsomebigcitiesandvillages.Theyhopetolearn4Chinese,too.Mrturnerisadriver.He5todriveinBeijing.MrsTurnerisaschoolteacher.She6acityschoolandavillageschool.7daughterisamiddleschoolstudent.ShemeetssomeChinesestudents.They8alotofpicturesinChina.WhentheyarebackinAmerica,they9showthepicturestotheirfriends.Theywant10toknowmoreaboutChina.<>1.A.isfrom B.arefrom C.cometo D.comesfrom<>2.A.of B.at C.on D.in<>3.A.in B.on C.for D.from<>4.A.some B.many C.little D.no<>5.A.like B.likes C.want D.iswanting<>6.A.visit B.visiting C.isvisiting D.arevisiting<>7.A.His B.Her C.Your D.Their<>8.A.bring B.give C.take D.like<>9.A.goto B.isgoingto C.goingto D.aregoingto<>10.A.American B.theAmericanpeople C.AmericasD.aAmericaCLiLeiisamiddleschoolstudent.Heisagoodboy.UncleWulives1him.UncleWuhas2childrenandhecan’tsee3.HeworksinthefactorynearLiLei’sschool.Hegoestoworkat7:30inthemorningand4homeat4:30intheafternoon.LiLeigoestoschoolat8:00inthemorningandcomeshomeatthe5timeasUncleWuintheafternoon.6weekdaysLiLeigetsupearlytotakeUncleWu7thefactory.AfterschoolhetakesUncleWuhome.OnSundaysLiLeihelpsUncleWu8thehouseanddosome9.UncleWuthanksLiLeiverymuch.Hesays,"LiLeiisagoodboy.He10myson."<>1.A.nextto B.next C.nearly D.besides<>2.A.not B.notone C.no D.nobody<>3.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.every<>4.A.goes B.come C.coming D.goesto<>5.A.same B.some C.different D.differences<>6.A.In B.On C.At D.Of<>7.A.away B.from C.to D.with<>8.A.cleans B.cleaning C.cleanning D.clean<>9.A.cookers B.cooking C.cook D.cooks<>10.A.looks B.looklike C.likes D.islike第三講：閱讀理解英語閱讀試題的技巧與方法一、閱讀信息文中找。小學階段的閱讀試題答案,基本都能在所給的閱讀文中找到所需信息。學生只需帶著問題或關(guān)鍵詞以尋讀的方式,快速在文章中尋找所需信息,切記不可任憑自己的想象,隨心所欲的回答。如一道閱讀填空：Timandhisfriend

inthesea.沒有通過尋找關(guān)鍵詞,在文章中尋找的方式,而是根據(jù)自己的猜測寫出play.二、尋找信息的順序性。一篇閱讀文章之后的若干試題,通常依據(jù)自上而下的順序出題。〔當然也有個別例外第一道題所需信息通常在文中的首段,學生只需在文章的第一部分尋找,第二題的信息,則無需從文章的開始瀏覽,只要從第一個信息之后尋讀即可,后面的題依次往下尋找。最后一道題的信息,基本在文章的末段。了解了尋找信息的順序性,學生無需花費較多的時間一遍又一遍通讀全文,增加信息量,干擾閱讀理解,影響做題速度。三、如何快速尋找所需信息在那到一篇閱讀試題時,大部分學生首先會不自覺地通讀全文,甚至因思考文中的生詞而花費較多的時間,然后再回到試題時,頭腦中關(guān)于文章的信息已所剩無幾。正確的方法是,首先仔細閱讀試題,圈出試題中的關(guān)鍵詞。如何識別關(guān)鍵詞,需要老師在平時的閱讀教學中指導、判斷。比如：am,is,are,do,did,can,to,of等虛詞通常不可能是關(guān)鍵詞,而名詞、動詞、副詞通常為關(guān)鍵詞。對于閱讀文中的問答題,方法基本相同。首先找出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞,然后帶著關(guān)鍵詞在文章中尋找答案。四、判斷正誤。對于閱讀試題中的判斷正誤題,相對比較簡單,但學生的出錯率仍然較大,究其原因,學生不懂判斷的方法,通常是讀完試題之后,憑著自己對閱讀文章的大致印象判斷。事實上判斷試題與選擇、填空的做題方法基本一致,仍需找出試題中的關(guān)鍵詞,帶著關(guān)鍵詞,在文中尋找所需信息,然后仔細判斷是否與文中信息一致,如一致則正確,反之錯誤。練習：<1>Lookatthatboy.HisnameisLiuBing.He’saChineseboy.Heisinthekitchen.Helikesapples.SuYangisathometoo.Sheisinthestudy.Shelikesdrawing.IsGaoShanathome?No,heisinthepark.Heisthirsty.Hewantstodrinksomejuice.MissLiisintheoffice.Sheisreading.快速判斷：〔正確的寫T,錯誤的寫S〔1.LiuBingisinthekitchen.〔2.LiuBinglikeseatingpears.〔3.SuYangisn’tinthestudy.〔4.GaoShanisthirstyandhewantstodrink.〔5.MissLiisdrawing.<2>Tomismyclassmate.HeisfromLondoninEngland.ButhelikesChinaverymuch.NowheisinBeijing.Heisalittlefat.Hehasaroundfaceandbigblueeyes.Hishairisnotblackbutyellow.Hisnose,mouthandearsareballbig.Helikesblue.HelikeswearingablueT-shirtandbluejeans.Lookathishand.Hehasafootballinit.Weoftenplayfootballafterclass.閱讀短文,判斷句子正〔T誤〔F。<>1.TomisanEnglishboy.<>2.Tom’shairandeyesareblue.<>3.Theboywithbigeyes,bigears,abignoseandabigmouthisLiuTao.<>4.Tomlikesbasketball.<>5.Tom’sfavouritecolourisblue.A

A

mother

and

her

young

son

get

into

a

bus

in

a

small

city

and

sit

down.

The

bus

conductor

comes

to

them

for

their

money.

The

mother

says:

"I

want

one

ticket〔票to

the

zoo

"

and

gives

him

one

yuan.

The

conductor

looks

at

the

small

boy

for

a

few

seconds

and

then

says

to

him,

"How

old

are

you

,young

man?"

The

mother

begins

to

speak,

but

the

conductor

stops

her,

The

boy

says:

"I’m

four

at

home,

and

two

in

the

buses."

At

last

the

mother

has

to

take

fifty

fen

out

of

her

pocket

and

gives

it

to

the

conductor.

1.Why

does

the

conductor

look

at

the

small

boy

for

a

few

seconds?

A.She

likes

him

B.She

thinks

the

boy

need

to

buy

a

half-price

ticket

C.She

knows

the

small

boy.

D.She

saw

the

boy

somewhere

2.Why

does

the

conductor

stop

the

mother

and

let

the

boy

say?

A.The

boy’s

words

are

interesting

B.The

mother

is

a

bad

mother

C.The

small

boy

can

tell

the

truth

D.She

loves

the

small

boy

3.At

last

the

mother

A.buys

another

ticket

B.buys

a

half-price

ticket

for

the

boy

C.says

sorry

to

the

conductor

D.gives

one

yuan

to

the

conductor

4.What

does

the

word

"conductor"mean?

A.司機B.售票員C.乘客D.警察

5.From

the

story

we

can

see

A.every

boy

must

buy

a

ticket

in

the

bus

B.when

a

child

is

four,

he

must

buy

a

ticket

C.sometimes

a

child

is

more

honest〔誠實than

his

parents

D.woman

are

not

good

mothers

B

Come

and

see

the

India

elephants

and

the

new

tigers

from

Amercia.

The

bears

are

waiting

to

meet

you,

and

the

monkeys

from

China

are

waiting

to

throw〔扔

things

to

you.

The

lovely

dogs

from

Australia

are

waiting

to

laugh

at

you.

The

giraffes

from

Brazil

are

waiting

to

look

down

on

you.

Tickets

Open

time

Grown-up:〔成人$2.00

9:00a.m—4:00p.m

Children

:over

12

$1.00

Except〔除Friday

Under12

Free<免票>

10:00a.m—3:00p.m

Keep

the

zoo

clean!

Don’t

touch

,

give

good

food

or

go

near

the

animals!

1.How

many

kinds

of

animals

are

talked

about

in

the

passage?

A.four

B.five

C.six

D.seven

2.Now

Mr

Smith

is

in

the

zoo

with

his

two

sons,one

is14

and

the

other

is

is

10

.How

much

are

the

tickets

together<總共>？

A．$4.00

B.$2.00

C.$3.00

D.$10.00

3.Which

of

the

following

is

the

visiting

time?

A.8:30am

Monday

B.9:30am

Friday

C.3:00[m

Sunday

D.5:00pm

Tuesday

4.From

the

passage

we

can

guess

the

animal

"giraffe

"must

be

very

A.fat

B.long

C.strong

D.tall

5.Which

of

the

following

can

we

do

in

the

zoo?

A.

to

give

some

food

to

the

fishB.to

touch

the

monkey

on

the

head

C.to

throw

things

everywhereD.to

keep

the

zoo

clean

C

Tom

likes

fish

very

much.

He

often

buys

some

fish

in

the

shop

and

takes

it

home.

But

when

his

wife

sees

the

fish,

she

says

to

herself,

"Good

!

I

can

ask

my

friends

to

have

lunch,

and

we

can

eat

the

fish.

They

like

fish

very

much."

So

when

Tom

comes

home

in

the

evening,

the

fish

is

not

there

and

his

wife

always

says,

"Oh,your

cat

eats

it

"

And

she

gives

Tom

some

bread

for

his

supper..

Tom

is

very

angry.

He

takes

the

cat

and

his

wife

to

the

shop

near

his

house

and

weighs<稱重>

the

cat.

Then

he

turns

to

his

wife

and

says,

"My

fish

weigh

one

kilo〔公斤.

This

cat

weighs

one,

too.

My

fish

is

here,

you

see,

then

where

is

my

cat?"

1.<

>eats

the

fish.

A.Mr

Tom

B.Mrs

Tom

C.The

cat

D.His

fiends

2,What

does

Mrs

Tom

do

with

the

fish?

A.She

eats

the

fish

before

Tom

comes

back

B.She

asks

her

friends

to

come

to

eat

the

fish

with

her

C.She

puts

the

fish

in

the

fridge〔冰箱and

waits

for

her

husband

D.She

cooks

the

fish

for

Tom

3.Mr

Tom

weighs

<

>

in

the

shop

with

his

wife.

A.the

fish

B.the

cat

C.his

wife

D.his

friend

4.How

much

fish

does

Tom

often

buy?

A.one

kilo

B.two

kilo

C.three

kilo

D.four

kilo

5.Tom

likes

<

>very

much.

A.cat

B.his

wife

C.fish

D.his

friends

D

A

crow

〔烏鴉wants

to

drink,

but

he

can’t

find

water.

He

looks

here

and

there.

At

last

,he

cries

,

"I

can

see

a

jar

〔罐子and

there

is

some

water

in

it."

He

tries

〔試圖

to

get

the

water,

but

he

can’t.

"How

can

I

get

the

water?"

he

cries,

"I

can

put

my

break

〔鳥嘴quite

close

〔靠近to

it."

But

still

he

can

not

drink.

"What

can

I

do?

I

want

to

drink."

He

looks

here

and

there,

then

he

picks

up

a

small

stone

<石頭>in

his

break

and

carries

it

to

the

jar

of

water

and

drops

it

into

the

jar.

"Soon

the

water

will

be

high

in

the

jar,

and

I

can

drink,"

says

the

crow.

So

he

begins

to

do

that

until

the

water

is

high

enough

to

drink.

1.

What

is

the

crow

looking

for?

A.

A

jar

B.

Water

C.

Food

D.

Meat

2.

Why

doesn’t

he

drink

right

now〔馬上？

A.

He

isn’t

very

thirsty.