辦公樓給排水畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)全套圖紙說(shuō)明書

本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目：文獻(xiàn)、資料來(lái)源：文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期：2008.3.17院（部）：專業(yè)：給水排水工程班級(jí)：姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：指導(dǎo)教師：翻譯日期：外文文獻(xiàn)：WastewaterTreatmentABSTRACT：Abioreactorsystemwith30packedgelenvelopeswasinstalledinathermalpowerplantfortheremovalofnitrogenfromammonia-containingdesulfurizationwastewater.Eachenvelopeconsistedofdouble-sidedplategelscontainingNitrosomonaseuropaeaandParacoccusdenitrificanscellswithaninternalspaceinbetweenforinjectinganelectrondonor.Theenvelopecanremoveammoniafromwastewaterinasinglestep.Whenthewastewaterwascontinuouslytreatedwiththebioreactorsystem,itremoved95.0%ofthetotalnitrogenintheinlet,andthetotalnitrogenconcentrationintheoutletwasbelow9.0mgL?1.Themaximumnitrogenremovalratewas6.0gday?1persquaremeterofthegelarea.Themaximumutilizationefficiencyoftheinjectedethanolfordenitrificationwas98.4%,andthetotalorganiccarbonconcentrationintheoutflowwasmaintainedatalowlevel.Sincethebioreactorsystemcouldusetheelectrondonoreffectively,itwasnotnecessarytouseanadditionalaerobictanktoremovetheelectrondonorandasettlingtanktosegregatethesurplussludgecontainingbacteriafromwastewater.Ourconceptofusingpackedgelenvelopeswouldbehighlyeffectiveforconstructingasimpleandefficientnitrogenremovalsystemcapableofsimultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification.1.IntroductionEutrophication,whichiscausedbyanexcessivenitrogeninflowfromdomesticandindustrialeffluents,causessevereadverseeffectsontheenvironmentofclosedwatersystem[1].InJapan,algalbloomsandredtidesoccurfrequentlyandhavecauseddamagetothewaterserviceandfishingindustryinTokyoBay,IseBay,andtheSetoInlandSea.Therefore,strictregulationswereappliedfordischargingnitrogeneffluentsintotheindustrialwastewater.捧Theam雞monia值remova窯lproc類essus款ingmi貼croorg挺anisms施hasn咸owbeen遭divid掙edint謠otwo篇kinds屯ofbio濫logica臟lproc與esses:頃onei刮sthet趙raditi品onaln香itrifi痛cation秒/denit其rifica揮tionm不ethod稱[2]省,and餡theot寸heris藏anew吸lydev腰eloped蓄anaer湖obica馳mmoniu槍moxid址ation忠(anamm弱ox)me蛇thod都[3,4]遵.The莖anammo掙xproc辯essco偶mbines欣ammon樹iaand后nitri秀teint尖onitr聲ogeng捕asana舟erobic甚ally.鎮(zhèn)Itis樓anatt凝ractiv強(qiáng)emeth發(fā)odwit勞hgrea日tprom愁ise.H蔥owever沉,the蜜anammo惕xproc狀essre仗quires肌anad唉dition獄alnit袍rifica月tionp害rocess系fort帶hepar論tialc降onvers鄙ionof夠ammon雪iato堪nitrit像e.扶Presen粘tly,n賠itroge掀n(amm宮onia)創(chuàng)remova蕉lism肚ostly嘆carrie惱doutt妙hrough貌twoc善onvers腐ionst挽eps,n范amely,碗aerob驟icnit蘇rifica蒼tiona叮ndana邁erobic遍denit矛rifica澆tion.萄Thism替ethod,燥howev春er,ha財(cái)sadi伍sadvan卡tage.細(xì)Whent揚(yáng)reatin符gwast斬ewater碰witho哪utorg絮anicm俊atters怖,ane框lectro字ndono憲risr鴨equire爐dfor膜denitr原ificat較ion.I氏nthis晚case,類itre統(tǒng)quires氧anad惑dition今alaer鎮(zhèn)obics浪tepto騰remov駁esurp旗lusel恭ectron保donor卸sand跌asett熄lings綢tepto摟segre朝gatet感heact姑ivated塑sludg饅econt立aining環(huán)bacte緩riafr回omthe殊waste片water.似Since行there倡arem援a(chǎn)nyst寇epsin螞thep掏resent冰nitro尋genre滿moval段system拒s,ac證omplic彼ateds葛equenc峰e(cuò)ofo臉perati線onsis畫neces匠sarya資ndal趕argei令nstall壇ation圖areai喂srequ州ired.遠(yuǎn)Severa殿lrese奧arches繼have深beenc決onduct矛edin紙anatt鋸emptt傾ocomb伶inethe繼twoc流onvers憑ionst查eps(n天itrifi千cation宜andd寧enitri所ficati帽on)in洗toas局ingle召biorea鄉(xiāng)ctor戰(zhàn)[柏5劑–批7]軟.Poly托meric勞beads,攪inwh序icha雹nitrif桐ieran昨dade堪nitrif扮ierwe首recoi炒mmobil斯ized,扎wereu慮sedto零remov京enitr帳ogeni太nasi述ngles萍tep.N貍itrifi辟cation右occur序redon煉theo業(yè)uterl鉤ayero良fbead括s,and艘denit蛇rifica瘋tion,叫inthe疊core址ofbea機(jī)ds.丙Howeve縫r,the卷elect晶rondo籠norsw效eread頂deddi慶rectly宴toth若ewast乘ewater裂inth淚esesy厚stems.織There后fore,a榜naddi靈tional禿aerob析icste固pwas屢requir忙edfor腸ther往emoval安ofsu爐rplus恨electr懸ondon幻ors,a頭ndthe高effic肢iency飯ofuti蒜lizing掏elect設(shè)rondo釘norsw鞭asrel催ativel盯ylow.造Tosim倚plify疑thepr建esent董system庭sused汗forn耕itroge卡nremo羊val,w厘e(cuò)have紫propos隨edand萌inves造tigate璃dano巨velim兆mobili件zed-ce歲llbio襯reacto全rcont溪aining欄packe比dgel書envelo災(zāi)pesca賓pable壺ofsim傲ultane庫(kù)ousni照trific治ation健andde移nitrif蔥icatio釣n嗽[8]撒.The嬸packed令gele喪nvelop狐escon者sisto食ftwo陳polyme齡ricge鏈lplat哀eswit冠hani脖nterna餓lspac你ebetw愚eenth嬌emfor垃injec府tingt初heele雨ctron盤donor狀forde這nitrif灘icatio鴉n.An須ammoni慰aoxid甩izer,爹namely復(fù),耳Nitros茫omonas隨europ喉aea居,and夫adeni醒trifie適r,name識(shí)ly,禍Paraco側(cè)ccusd棚enitri趕ficans嫩,are螞coimmo冶bilize棍dint謠hepla勝tegel男.績(jī)Theim升mobili乎zed蹈N.eur約opaea汗oxidiz徒esamm滿oniat幕onitr降iteon撓theou貨tersu糠rface聰ofthe賀plate景that瑞isin寶aerobi薄ccont灣actwi心ththe申waste悶w搖aterc楊ontain供ingam催monia;茅thei嚼m(xù)mobil立ized榜P.den隙itrifi怕cans彎reduce煮snitr僵iteto蠻nitro亂genga型sint祥heins軌ideof跡plate賓that閣isin望anaero徑bicco瞞ntact雜witht體heele籃ctron富donor.世This根system甚does哄notre潔quire干anadd需itiona盯laero競(jìng)bicst搏epbec綿auset寶heele疫ctron蔬donors亦aren敢otsup熊plied扛tothe筋waste摟water萌direct炭lybut怠toth間einte剃rnals秤paceo燦fthe期gelpl昨ate.T門hisre粘sults印inan澤increa倦sein感theut云ilizat兆ionef相ficien騰cyof惹theel曬ectron撒donor蜻fort扭heden錄itrifi乏cation猶proce銳ssand貿(mào)adec搖rease遵inthe截quant具ityof肥surpl咸usslu竭dge.戀Inthi末sstud真y,wei閉nvesti矩gated押alarg毒e-scal庫(kù)ebior池eactor壘using克thinn油erpac請(qǐng)kedge狼lenve儲(chǔ)lopes奴inwhi傭ch杠N蛙.鳥europa頂ea園and維P吵.全Denitr虛ifican嶄s務(wù)cells縣areco看immobi河lized,牛treat類edthe脾ammon河ia-con友tainin淺gwast天ewater梯from阻acoal咸-fired荷therm來(lái)alpow矮erpla蟲nt,an真dstud弟iedth穩(wěn)enitr辨ogenr望emoval先capac粗ityof貝thes囑ystem.茅2.Mat籍erials織andm漂ethods滿2.1.B學(xué)acteri桃alstr址ainsa罩ndcul復(fù)turem讀ediums獲Theni筆trifie私r柏N.eur司opaea爸NBRC1同4298a智ndthe亡denit立rifier艷晚P.deni轎trific銜ans失JCM68豆92wer潑eused敵inth具isstu鈴dy.宿N.eur屢opaea欣wasaer泰obical汗lycul挨tured哥at30撕?尼Cina潑mediu昨mcont揚(yáng)aining甲thef昂ollowi角ng(g娘L(fēng)自?撈1):(N瞇H4)2SO夢(mèng)4,0.5歇;NaCl貪,0.3;屈K2HPO桿4,1.0參;MgSO侄4腔·赤7H2O,潔0.3;F岸eSO4貼·安7H2O,玩0.03;葛phenol幕red,塌0.002沉(pH8.建0).藝P.den答itrifi東cans鄉(xiāng)wasae農(nóng)robica毒llycu直ltured鷹at30且誠(chéng)?漏Cina倒mediu監(jiān)mcont煌aining喉thef誰(shuí)ollowi貧ng(g敵L票?祥1):pe霞ptone壇(Difco忽),10.案0;mea膛textr際act(D緞ifco),銳10.0;絲NaCl,延5.0(期pH7.2技).All窮nutri繩entsw耍eredi敘ssolve呢dind體istill瓣edwat扣er.臟2.2.C樣haract吧eristi平csof笛theac興tualw桶astewa泉ter舍Desulf責(zé)urizat仗ionwa柔stewat柿erfro落mthe孟Takeha殖rathe蕉rmalp絹owerp雨lant(愛Takeha頂raCit旋y,Hir友oshima犬Prefe抬cture,改Japan女)was幣usedi錘nthis冰study.經(jīng)Them串a(chǎn)ximum聾outpu瘡toft斬hisco他al-fir侵edthe霜rmalp槍owerpl塑antwa后s1300誓MW.Th吧eheav皂ymeta琴lscon驅(qū)tained猜inth鴉isdes約ulfuri跌zation忌waste凈water侄werer駱emoved僑ina替previo眉uspro索cess.膊Theor傳ganic斥carbon畫conte返ntof逢thewa莫stewat塌erwas礙extre湯melyl呀ow.苦Theto住talor睬ganic腔carbon甜(TOC)抓conce替ntrati牽onin者thewa捎stewat騾errang膚edbet響ween0舒.0and霧5.4mg迷L遇?刑1.The伐form貞ofnit辦rogen振inthe誰(shuí)waste梨water內(nèi)wasmo宵stlya姻mmonia恨(17.辱6餃–更108.4m章gL辯?姑1).Mo薦reover仰,nitri遭te(3.場(chǎng)8艘–掃37.3mg榆L攤?定1)and柿nitra叼te(0.縮0to2御6.6mgL陣?各1)wer味e淺Often褲detect找eddur增ingth松eoper欺ations掃.Phos諷phates諸were賞notde較tected趟(<0.1脂mgL評(píng)?狐1)in取thewa強(qiáng)stewat摩eralt假hough喊l(fā)arge絮amount紫sofs供ulfate纏were伐observ旁ed(24高1搭2碰–甲13,176具mgL耽?比1).銷2.3.P耗acked區(qū)gelen來(lái)velope購(gòu)N.eur側(cè)opaea喉and弊P.den盈itrifi威cans風(fēng)cells鐮wereh閘arvest玩edby夾centri規(guī)fugati出on(20授,000壓g旦,10mi蕩n,4臥?凈C)and僅washe批d3ti挽meswi聰thphos躲phate娃buffer企conta敏ining枕9.0g靜L共?蒸1ofN傅a2HPO4賭·此12H2O挨and1.5什gL林?芒1KH2P鞏O4(pH正7.5).哭櫻N.eur佳opaea焰(胞drywe語(yǔ)ight,馬4mgmL木?叢1)and鍋P.den竟itrifi頸cans坐(熟drywe殲ight,熊3.4mgm學(xué)L夸?分1)cel捧lswer逆esusp消ended熊inpho搜sphate吐buffe益r.The獻(xiàn)suspe西nsion唱wasth卻enmix毀ed宇witht務(wù)hepho袖tocros千slinka荒ble跡polyme帖rPVA-元SbQ(S鴨PP-H-1緩3;Toy里oGose驟iKogy魂oCo.)煌inthe丈ratio研of1:請(qǐng)3.Each猶packe沙denve返lope(拋envelo現(xiàn)peI)殼(1100m減m犧×炒1100mm愈×訪12mm)灑consis當(dāng)tedof零afra鄰memad央eofv燙inylc餓hlorid替e,and獵nonwo脆venne獄tsmad芳eofp域olyeth味ylene帖tereph灘thalat但e(G22低60-1S;奇Toray害Co.)杰werea莊ttache大dtob蠢othth磨easpe駁ctsof突thef番rame(概Fig.1享aand準(zhǔn)b).Th德eabov淡ement幣ioned征bacter僵i驚a俊–崗polyme迅rmixt盈urewa礦sspre疲adon誰(shuí)theno免nwoven皂neto挽fthe維envelo列peand叨wasg場(chǎng)elled圍byirr圖adiati衰ngwit兩hmeta璃lhali討delam倘psfor裁20min松(1000攝宅molm寫?牧2s初?椅1).As秒theb禿acteri臺(tái)a儉–糟polyme貧rmixt膽urepe崖netrat證edint都o(jì)the叨nonwov司ennet傾sligh惕tly,t益hegel變wass凡olidif薯iedon綿then豪onwove液nnet.否Theh靈eight復(fù)andwi威dthof蓋gels像heetw績(jī)erebo群th100緣0mm.T歌hethi欲ckness葡ofth愈egel門sheet護(hù)onthe竹netw吃as0.5戶mm.Ne躲xt,th冰esame民proce愚durew洽asfol炎lowed盞forth明eoppo寬sites樂ideof屠thee氣nvelop無(wú)e.As他theen石velope劇hadt劍wogel蟻sheet免sand益one-si介dedsu角rface授ofeac舒hgel后sheet必could看becon繡tacted默with注wastew添ater,嶼thear勿eaof鷹active攜regio大nwas房2.00m2漸inth葬eenve塔lopeI禮.This棍value延wasu括sedas領(lǐng)unit己gelar扎eafor址each標(biāo)envelo樓peI.屆Inadd膝ition,阻athi陣nnerp勿acked添envelo決pe(en逆velope債II)(紙1250mm企×娘1100mm畢×懲3.5mm)恨wasde嘩velope為dusin公gthe忍samen煉onwove洽nnet膜withou挺tafr換ame(謠Fig.1叢cand之d).Th感ebact輪eri森a誕–悅polyme些rmixt發(fā)urewa蒼sspre辛adon腦theno匯nwoven片neto傷fopen洞envel飄opeII弱,and均wasge刺lledb櫻ysame蛾way.名Thehe驅(qū)ighta布ndwid踐thof拾gelsh暖eetwe鍋re120磨0and浙1050mm圍,resp旗ective遲ly.Th仙ethic譽(yù)kness梨ofthe蟻gels溝heetw潔asals獅o0.5m般m.Aft女ergel警ation,絮then怒onwove摸nnet選immobi次lizing枝bacte怨riawa恭sfold職edas獅thege當(dāng)lshee關(guān)touts酷idean恥dmade痛toan古envel橫ope.T兆heare邀aofa在ctive坊region朽was2汗.52m2踏inthe濁envel臥opeII碗.This砌value嗚wasu疊sedas肆unit叢gelar勸eafor白each毀envelo溜peII.碗These飼packe化dgel椒envelo尼pesco鄙ntaine侄dinte扛rnals禿paces射forin縣jectin荷gthe翠electr恰ondon毒or.Th呢reeho偷leswe旦remad兄eatt毫hetop標(biāo)ofea償chenv簽elope,坑andpo糾lyuret息hanet草ubes(予outer膠diamet育er,8m鍋m;inn任erdia休meter,博6mm)w鈴ereat脹tached剃toth檢ehole擾s.Two努holes蒙were站madea娛sthe房outlet駱sfor擦nitrog叨engas虛after懂denit罵rifica科tion,零andon別ecent仍ralho談lewas映made朝toinj捏ectth虹eelec擁trond亦onorf極orden騎itrifi疑cation氣.濫2.4.B荒ioreac華torsy犯stem馳Alarg乏e-scal蓋ebior必eactor覺syste肥mwas竄instal砌ledin踐theT賓akehar托ather臺(tái)malpo優(yōu)werpl份ant.T博hesys瘋temco洞nsiste龍dofa港react棗ortan斜k(1.2驗(yàn)3m臭×格1.13m綱×活1.50m典);an勵(lì)overfl方owtan鴉k(0.2避9m矮×腎1.13m欺×難1.50m去);an是eutral牽izatio誤ntank圍forp握Hadju賞stment選;packe亂dgel峰e(cuò)nvelo練pes;p庭umpsf拉orwas傭tewate僑rcirc的ulatio決n;ab謠lower赴forae撐ration錘;afe圣ederf撫orthe都elect嘆rondo戀nor;m秩eters利andre沈corder榜sfor臉temper誤ature,繡pH,a鈔nddis友solved新oxyge碧nconc亂entrat娘ionin椒ther諒eactor絨tank;族anda晶contr稠olpan俯el.覆Fig.2魂納shows敢thesc源hemati特c馬diagra吉msof霜thesy遵stemd專uring者batch墻andco防ntinuo稼usope丘ration肌s.駛2.5.B世atcho筒perati槳on乓Theba蛾tchop汪eratio護(hù)nswer檔ecarr山iedou紗tover德night躺using殊10pac歌kedgel激envel此opes(蠅envelo暴peI)易withf句rames問contai淹ning臂N.Eur脊opaea肉and曉P.den嘆itrifi癢cans造(經(jīng)Fig.1遣aand壩b)und勉ervar亂iousa筐mmonia挪conce搖ntrati吼onsby隨addin淋gammo漏niums愚ulfate綁.Desu茶lfuriz暢ation電wastew庸ater(筒contai羊ningm母ostly陰ammoni響a,and膏some道nitrit宜eand權(quán)nitrat裂e)ori愁ginati泡ngfro槳mthe區(qū)therma傷lpowe標(biāo)rplan蠶twas緒treate抽dint爪heabo披vemen餡tioned自biore何actor吉system珍(work沉ingvo鼻lume,曬2.3m3)愚.For敬50mLo姿f10%繪ethano極lsolu發(fā)tion,新phosph打ate(N露a2HPO4脊·染12H2O,姥0.09檔gL憲?租1and召KH2PO4例,0.01諷5gL屯?礙1)and削trace組eleme勞nts(M跟gSO4部·潛7H2O,膊2mgL北?羊1;CaC陰l2式·輕2H2O,乳0.1mg灌L劇?鬧1;NaH嚼CO3,5棒mgL就?隊(duì)1;EDT支A-Fe,0管.05mgL躁?燥1;ZnS孫O4探·評(píng)7H2O,悅1mgL堅(jiān)?趙1;MnC押l2怒·逮4H2O,縱0.3mgL慮?客1;H3BO齊3,3mg度L刺?隊(duì)1;CoC各l2需·覆6H2O,躁2mgL拿?湊1;CuC連l2遣·婦2H2O,搏0.1mg怒L萄?情1;NiCl廚26H2O爭(zhēng),0.2m功gL器?沿1;and京Na2Mo擦O4不·閃2H2O,壤0.3mgL名?盡1)wer淘eadde收d;thi息ssolu跪tionw睛asinj財(cái)ected險(xiǎn)intot眨heint哲ernal隔space媽ofeac警henve薯lopee廢very6夏h.Th剝ewast頂ewater騎wass麗ampled債fora餃nalysi尿sduri霉ngthe辣batch眨opera怪tion.拍2.6.C傷ontinu揀ousop刺eratio尤n父Thewa伴stewat夏erwas丟conti艇nuousl紋ytrea沖tedus虧ingth差edeve虧lopedb斯ioreac究torsy舟stem(w煩orking溜volum再e,1.8頁(yè)m3)wi更th30得thinne川rpack餅edenv纖elopes野(enve熔lopeI葉I)wit肌houtf南rames漁(撲Fig.1調(diào)cand狐d)at篩thein奴flowr歉ateso怖f0.07僚5(ope察ration品1)or杰0.45午(opera耐tion2斯)m3h侮?屈1(ave照rager責(zé)esiden善cetim平e,24溜or4h所)for廉nearly農(nóng)onem絮onthe縣ach.E互very6柳h,40字mLof洪10%et槳hanol伍soluti輪onwas站injec聯(lián)tedin開toeac孟henve燒lope(鐵160mLd顫ay盤?喘1for獨(dú)eache太nvelop妹e).Th捕ewast別ewater誘wass宰ampled糧fora輕nalysi犁sever其y4h賠from9肺:00a.褲m.to萌9:00p傅.m.A研heater停wasu饅sedfo匠rwarm脫ingth帶ewast勝ewater款durin賊gwint第er.喉2.7.A止nalyti再calme冊(cè)thods討Theni買trogen斑conce但ntrati族onswe辛remea鷹sured幫asNH剝3翁–挨N,NO裙2奪–凍N,andN烈O紗3忍–虹N.The栗ammoni吵aconc葉entrat治ionin顫thew駁astewa抬terwa序scolo勵(lì)rimetr棒ically毯measu袋redac耀cordin假gtoa清previo嚴(yán)uslyd間escrib溉edmet心hod狹[9]犬.The漁nitrit集eand墻nitrat駝econc基entrat置ionsw誠(chéng)erede優(yōu)termin趙edusi歐ngan僚ion-ch肯romat尖oanal栽yzer(擊DX-AQ;吐Dione昏xCo.)升with舒anIon博PacAS1堪2Acol五umn.T稍heTOC態(tài)conce半ntrati現(xiàn)onwas枯measu伸redus評(píng)inga償TOCan演alyzer更(TOC-悟650;T俯orayE偉nginee玩ringC報(bào)o.).勢(shì)3.Res榨ults械3.1.B振atcho丘perati嗓onusi級(jí)ngamm珠onia-c母ontain戀ingwa同stewat絮er欣Whent早hewas垃tewate脈rcont本aining秒vario小uscon衡centra定tions怪ofamm磨oniaw池astre奔atedw捕ith10應(yīng)packe贏dgel似envelo混pes(e柏nvelop逆eI)wi毅thfra患mesco葵ntaini嫩ng竭N.eur比opaea蹈and鹿P.den鍬itrifi猴cans嗚,the拼ammoni生aconc險(xiǎn)entrat手ionin俘thew事astewa壽terde湖crease洪dgrad廣ually昂(渣Fig.3嶺).As趁malla放mount貫ofnit匠ratew嚇asdet滋ected旗(maxim貢um,2.柔6mgL爛?墳1)duri宗ngall羞batch袖opera笛tions.灘Asa天result叉,the林total困nitrog董encon漁centra樣tion(敬ammoni晨a,nit孟rite,腔andni務(wù)trate)黎inth弓ewast認(rèn)ewater污decre掃asedg承radual鉗ly.Th燭eTOC端concen川tratio謊nint兵hewas厲tewate犬rwas軍unchan陪ged(a茂verage獸,2.1m舞gL自?妨1).Th紫epHi祝nthe世wastew語(yǔ)aterr蹤anged確betwee侄n7.9乏and8.乖4.The光tempe濫rature瓜inth口ewast縣ewater慚range歡dbetw陡een22傳.0and振29.0糞?井C.值Theam孟monia箭oxidat重ionra豬te(th撞etran注sforma憤tiono戰(zhàn)fammo滾niato進(jìn)nitrit豎e)by抗10env賢elopes仆(enve生lopeI石)was貼calcul狗atedb執(zhí)asedo桐nthe饞change牽inam炒monia嶼concen沸tratio境never永y2h摩during出batch趙opera調(diào)tions.猜Thesy半stemy繭ielded悅ammon蒸iaoxi臣dation燭rates陶inth氧erang喉eof1句.積0鉛–件9.6g陣day朋?康1per劈square于meter踩ofth賴egel姐areaa鹽tvari泡ousin煉itial肆concen也tratio調(diào)nsof徹ammoni否a.Add存itiona烘lly,t金henit緊rogen牛remova并lrate梨(the勝transf搜ormati逆onof佩ammoni闖a,nit粉rite,頑andni邪trate飄tonit畏rogen陸gas)w乳ascal四culate督dbase笑dont老hecha供ngein促thet塔otaln沃itroge自nconc行entrat貍ionev悄ery2專hduri搞ngbat告chope物ration豆s.The耕syste史myiel厚dedni獲trogen映remov啊alrat桃esin鞏thera撥ngeof巖1.訪2鵲–捆19.5g梢day響?能1per菊square吉meter秒ofth鬼egel稠area.慧There捷lation皇shipb斑etween湯then民itroge味nconc浙entrat晨ionan扁dnitr割ogenr屈emoval銅rate粉during蝴theb磨atcho軋perati進(jìn)onis岸shown臺(tái)in萬(wàn)Fig.4現(xiàn).The交rateo余fammo丹niaox些idatio狀nwas瞧propor純tional脫toth閘eammo瓜niaco紫ncentr增ation.遠(yuǎn)Moreo什ver,t政herat浪eofn掉itroge熟nremo輛valwas機(jī)propo旅rtiona室ltot樹hetot靜alnit鍛rogen顛concen皆tratio戴n.Hen話ce,th音ehigh校erthe災(zāi)total焰nitro年genco銜ncentr翠ation誕inthe輸waste卡water,訂theh落igher妻wasth叫enitr靈ogenr苗emoval準(zhǔn)rate.坦3.2.N搶itroge壤nremo館valin屆conti艙nuous汪operat符ionus釋ingam逢monia-嘩contai星ningw鞭astewa溜ter閱Thege摟larea約ofal末lenve副lopes觀perwo主rking消volume扒hasa烤neffe岸cton嗓thevo態(tài)lumetr析icnit敏rogen酬remova務(wù)lperf嗎ormanc虧e.New添thinne臨rpack插e(cuò)dgel燈envel掩opes(之envelo連peII)釣were員develo烈pedus騾ingno燙nwoven逆nets銜madeo孤fpoly捎ethyle器neter盲ephtha圈lates張oast剝oincr冰easet蜜hetot載alnum匙berof發(fā)thep嫁acked鞭gelen款velope息scapa著bleof畜intro群ducing嫂into特there凱actor走tank,婆namely喚,the聯(lián)gelar蠢eaof鄙allen畝velope烈sper座workin非gvolu趴me.As棕suming析that包theni喪trogen恩remov淹alper六forman編ceper虎gela濕reaof藏each豪envelo判pein雅themo還dified否envel前opes(州envelo蓮peII)小wase寸quival食entto繩that展obtain紐edin于theor胡iginal味envel瘋opes(煉envelo握peI),姥thev槳olumet盲ricni桶trogen蘆remov土alper嶼forman鍬ceusi護(hù)ngthe摧modif魂ieden對(duì)velope地swas毀estima隊(duì)tedto啊betw勞iceas具h(yuǎn)igh忽astha鋤tusin釣gthe宅origin擦alenv照elopes罵.Sinc班ethe蘭modifi鉤edenv迷elopes摩appea艘redpr盛omisin皆gfor囑treati督nglar驟gevol像umeso叉fwast烈ewater胸,30m范odifie眉d博envelo臂peswer蜂eused繁durin幸gthe握contin喘uouso前perati誕on.滴Thewa碼stewat償erwas刻conti濱nuousl排ytrea搬t(yī)edwi洪th30耳modifi治edpac胃kedge櫻lenve穿lopes偽(envel吸opeII蜜)for路nearly個(gè)onem后onthe屬ach.T葉hetim更e-depe兵ndent洽change秤sint年henit冤rogen貫concen是tratio蛛nsin跡thein紹flowa解ndout慣flowa盲tthe偵inflow曲rate輔of0.0困75m3h拐?躲1(ope漏ration融1)are茫shown她in桂Fig.5圣a.The型total犯nitro鉆genco詳ncentr逆ation考inthe留inflo液w(37.繞6臟–姿127.1m誼gL浩?蛾1)flu啄ctuate濟(jì)dabru綢ptlya忍sare康sultof勒thes堪udden厲variat促ionin掙thea境mmonia果conce茶ntrati杜onin匪thein站flow(荒17.合6荒–州108.4m乒gL高?吐1).Co潔mpared盡toth略eammo瘋niaco波ncentr在ation,晃thec薄oncent來(lái)ration慮sofn顏itrite騰(11.掏9秧–福26.0mg稈L少?遲1)and轎nitra癢te(1.寇6櫻–盤7.7mgL糞?豈1)in偉thein萍flowd勞idnot牲fluct碧uate.員Theam謝monia監(jiān)concen投tratio佩nint撫heout半floww斜asmai打ntaine被data桿lowl陽(yáng)evel(槐averag占e,1.3序mgL采?盒1)dur茄ingth捷econt寬inuous詠opera貫tion.霸Theco材ncentr敗ations辟ofni泄trite稀(below時(shí)4.9mg胃L蛙?焰1)and殺nitra市te(be娛low1.足9mgL條?沿1)in撐theou核tflow歷werea店lsolo盜w.As殊aresu膛lt,th對(duì)etota塘lnitr芝ogenc唐oncent飽ration皺inth選eoutf以lowra害ngedb勺etween賺0.4a仗nd9.0鑒mgL翁?拍1(ave遇rage,壓3.7mgL母?喘1).Th伸etime導(dǎo)-depen奉dentc償hanges約inth顆enitr聯(lián)ogenr國(guó)emoval猾rates清ande擔(dān)fficie委ncies易atan付inflow蘭rate鐮of0.0芽75m3h戲?熊1(ope咐ration狀1)are巴shown支in嘩Fig.5懲band置c.The全rates氏ofam替monia插oxidat披ionan轟dnitr堪ogenr斥emoval堆were撲calcul必atedb號(hào)asedo取nthe框differ宿ences撇betwee晝nthe嘆concen畢tratio普nsof喉ammoni私aand愿total狗nitrog們enbot鞏hint蟻heinf矮lowan新dint翠heout你flow.肅Theam喝monia派oxidat俊ionra總teran役gedbe側(cè)tween羨0.4an柱d2.6如gday優(yōu)?歐1per井square貪meter攏ofth垃egel詳area,呈andth創(chuàng)enitr于ogenr沈emoval灘rate候wasin治ther剝ange0恐.友9當(dāng)–喬2.9g銷day膝?別1per犬square禾meter適ofth育egel浴area(工Fig.5蹲b).Th甲eammo陡niaan僑dnitr幣ogenr甚emoval扯effic僚iencie便s,whi肅chwer更edefi庫(kù)nedas間ther絮atios蟲ofthe燕diffe肯rences摔betwe婦enthe忙conce須ntrati聞onsof壟ammon舞iaand買total皇nitro煩genin版thei狂nflow度andou鏈tflow除tothe啊conce睜ntrati丘onsof表ammon薯iaand疲total箏nitro懲genin鴨thein多flow,處werec佩alcula扔tedfr固omthe妖conce積ntrati艙onsof層ammon賄iaand識(shí)total醋nitro每genin晚thei田nflow劑andou音tflow.亡Theb勤ioreac谷torwi筒th30主modifi較edenv喊elopes際(enve病lopeI配I)rem柿ovedm插ostof岔thea踩mmonia遠(yuǎn)(aver剛agere指moval壇effici峰e(cuò)ncy,淋97.1%)墊andt赤otaln昂itroge榜n(ave污rager例emoval出effic暈iency,搬95.0%堅(jiān))int窮hewas說(shuō)tewate另r(來(lái)Fig.5頓c).Th元eaver薪ageTO爪Cconc肺entrat晨ionsi幼nthe饒inflow撿ando請(qǐng)utflow總were稀0.4an弱d4.8m袋gL煌?鍋1,res修pectiv魔ely.T膠hepH哈inthe緒waste鉛water鑼ranged還betwe藍(lán)en7.2骨and8詞.4.Th暮etemp牌eratur擾eint別hewas螺tewate獲rwas譜mainta陷inedb它etween蝴25.0翠and32遠(yuǎn).0求?報(bào)Cbyu紀(jì)singa猴heate否r.The丟resul爪tsrev幕ealed注thatt將hemod懇ified蕩envelo語(yǔ)pesco派uldac被hieve產(chǎn)highn妥itroge權(quán)nremo貌valef蹈ficien轎cy.泥Howeve幟r,the公maxim襯umnit輩rogen攜remova洗lrate讓atan遞inflo席wrate鬧of0.割075m3選h童?若1was鴨notve釋ryhig叮h,i.e臘.,2.9燒gday椒?洗1per冷square膊meter犧ofthe提gela微rea;t蹄hiswa道sprob料ablyd以u(píng)eto閃thelo送wnitr披ogenlo吳adin餃there害actor母tank.磨Theti弓me-dep利endent筒chang括esin褲theni則trogen注conce希ntrati輪onsin盛thei田nflow使andou條tflow填atan逆inflow納rate賞of0.4青5m3h仙?茫1(ope聚ration忠2)ar蓄eshow翅nin僵Fig.6快a.The聲total惕nitro勵(lì)genco摘ncentr糕ation膊inthe菠inflo煤w(76.塌2嫩–化130.1m贊gL戴?須1)flu坐ctuate蒜dabru遲ptlyd骨ueto狡thesu詳ddenv驚ariati娘onin籍theam劈monia翠concen杠tratio拒nint召heinf跨low,w霧hilet陣hecon搖centra視tions饞ofnit燙ritea預(yù)ndnit鞏ratei煙nthe州inflow顧were敞unchan專ged.T迷heamm送onia,庫(kù)nitrit庸e,and祝total際nitro蠶genco確ncentr芹ations戶inth拾eoutf所lowva圣riedd錘ueto降theab呢ruptf絡(luò)luctua向tioni聞nthe罰ammoni顆aconc彼entrat輕ionin拐thei唯nflow炮(43.銳9溫–羞104.1m總gL突?影1).Th喝enitr碑a(chǎn)teco怒ncentr弦ation若inthe盾outfl底o(hù)wwas庸uncha黨nged.晶Theti男me-dep朗endent多chang芝esin具theni面trogen勉remov提alrat冰esand象effic退iencie逐satt腰heinf申lowra蔬teof缺0.45m3辰h熊?午1(ope偽ration桐2)ar星eshow您nin俱Fig.6胞band覽c.The奮maxim精umamm樸oniao率xidati醬onrat本eachi占evedw稍as9.5要gday宗?膀1per撞square嘗meter強(qiáng)ofth嚼egel芹area.工Thebi傭oreact都o(jì)rcap驅(qū)ableo杯fsimu滔ltaneo固usnit柿rifica旱tiona沉ndden鏈itrifi能cation圓achie略veda歸maximu汁mnitr平ogenr饞emoval紗rate逃of6.0顫gday齊?糟1per托square溜meter聲ofth燃egel雞area.功Thism蝦aximum桿rate褲obtain寒edusi興ngthe閉thinn跑erenv盤elopes桂wase補(bǔ)quival涂entto政that鞏obtain歌edwit錘hthe農(nóng)origin膨alenv少elopes撓.Duri斜ngthe耀first孟5day堂s,the探avera溉gerat宗esof關(guān)ammoni孔aoxid社ation腹andni膠trogen院remov蛛alwer桂e3.7乓and3.眾2gda嚼y浩?效1per因square幅meter務(wù)ofge俗larea逆,resp瓣ective雨ly.之These鏡rates喉increa藝sedto例4.9a集nd3.5詞gday仔?乖1per遮square晉meter苦ofth綢egel梢areai但nthe島next柜5婆–煩10day乓s,and形furth掠erinc淚reased程to7.眠1and頁(yè)4.7g竹day該?賊1per鉛square椒meter川ofth黨egel天areaa團(tuán)fter1慢0days丸.The質(zhì)ammoni疊aand騎total殘nitrog薄enrem封ovale包fficie果ncies義ranged裕from2叮4.1%t作o95.8各%and旋from1較3.5%t拘o45.0沾%,res右pectiv傷ely.T慕heave筒rageT單OCcon應(yīng)centra恥tions琴inthe玉inflo銹wand比outflo精wwere廁1.6a罷nd0.9聯(lián)mgL疫?挪1,res右pectiv刺ely.T薄hepH艷inthe這waste疏water拍ranged徐betwe干en7.3憐and8麻.5.Th闖etemp冤eratur學(xué)eint箏hewas慧tewate翠rwas爹mainta蠟inedb柳etween要25.0巷and32吵.0減?友Cbyu吼singa判heate建r.武4.Dis智cussio丹n謀4.1.N營(yíng)itroge扁nremo寶valpe躍rforma鼻nceun窩derba捕tchop權(quán)eratio筐n泛Thebi邀oreact餅or(wo今rking幟volume冊(cè),0.25鐘L)co蝶ntaini熱ngeig糟htpac若kedge輩lenve派lopes我(heigh漲t,100解mm;le于ngth,碑48mm;帽thickn浙ess,0皺.5mm;g調(diào)elare桂a,0.0倦096m2)露yield思edam軟aximum繳ammon鼓iaoxi谷dation栽ratea懶ndmax金imumn育itroge幻nremo規(guī)valra梨teof林5.6an漢d5.0鍋gday很?弊1pers妹quare徒meter枯ofthe參gela判rea,r取espect獸ively,訴inth覺elabo糟ratory寺exper紫iment設(shè)[8]叔.The災(zāi)packed蒼gele舍nvelop皆escap塞ableo鞭fsimu跟ltaneo才usnit租rifica逼tiona投ndden傍itrifi桃cation廢shoul興dbes宣caled攜upin蠅order趙totre饞atlar女geamo跳untof緩actua所lwast播ewater別.Thus蹄,the猛packed腸gele衣nvelop提escon晌tainin抓g兼N.eur犁opaea粱and跨P.den靠itrifi猜cans撐(淘height挑,500m侮m;len阻gth,1剩000mm;克thick真ness,籠16mm;廳gelar程ea,0.兆72m2)躲weree備nlarge沸dand躁theni口trogen權(quán)remov亂alper限forman狼cewas漆exami臭nedin按thep司relimi仙narye尤xperim公ents.似Whent奶heart抄ificia齒lammo天nia-co程ntaini渴ngwas豆tewate義rwas鍵treate磨dusin席gala例borato稠rybat嘉chsys虎tem(w悠orking完volum藍(lán)e,0.3胳5m3)w近ithtw等opack蠻edgel臺(tái)envel卻opes,懶itexh恰ibited落amax澡imuma柱mmonia舍oxida冶tionr指atean哭dmaxi耍mumni般trogen征remov總alrat柿eof6淡.9and王4.6g能day毯?濕1per呀square罵meter泊ofth爺egel符area,哭r(nóng)espec辟tively牲(data例nots啞hown).遞Since膠thee族nlarge烈dpack置edgel咱envel賀opesa搬chieve截dsimi臘larpe笨rforma塊nce,p對(duì)acked辜gelen方velope途soff暴unctio息nalsi棋ze(en克velope半I)(h蔑eight,擋1100m統(tǒng)m;len患gth,1頭100mm;厚thick叢ness,戀12mm;觸gelar序ea,2.用00m2)逃wered給evelop斧edfor庭thes吹caling英-upof豈thes步y(tǒng)stem贊inord擴(kuò)erto唇treat嗚large廟volume踢ofth格eactu睛alind皂ustria軟lwast科ewater污.The核maximu嗓mammo少niaox牙idatio吸nand繁nitrog穩(wěn)enrem友ovalr銜ates,灑which凝werec皇alcula石tedfr永omthe齊diffe輛rences浙inth攏eammo默niaan揮dtota鵝lnitr知ogenc訓(xùn)oncent列ration撐satt夏hesta晝r(jià)ttim槳eand百after燈21.5h航,were租5.9a飾nd7.1具gday約?掏1per傭square互meter游ofth報(bào)egel朝area,黎respec鉗tively史,duri伶ngthe洋batch遍opera趟tion.配Thela償rgesc訂alesy腰stemw箱ithth鼠efunc覺tional輩packe絞dgel初envelo玉pesex擦hibite擾dhigh瞇perfor糠mance.抬Parti筆cularl來(lái)y,the內(nèi)nitro蔑genre訂moval提ratea話chieve晚dint壽hisre歉search莖wash軟igher乒thant懇hoseo織btaine億dino哲there綿xperim杰ents,老probab饒lydue步toth肆epres始encen含otonl作yammo茫niabu描talso率nitri化tein件thein加letwa純stewat斑er.腸Thera仗tesof嫩ammon男iaoxi械dation踩andn降itroge魂nremo濤valwe此repro速portio然nalto教thec箱oncent知ration草sofa酒mmonia刺andt默otaln豆itroge橋n,res趙pectiv夜ely.B強(qiáng)ecause羨molec吉ularo踩xygen商wasne瓜cessar而yfor賓ammoni沾aoxid屬ation小by珍N.eur動(dòng)opaea魚,nitr奔ificat犯ionwa燥scarr芝iedou豎tont查heout宅ersur向faceo那fthe濃gel虹[10]蟲.Inc現(xiàn)ontras求t,the爽denit起rifica育tionb坦y啄P.den違itrifi苗cans破wasca悲rried趣outin姥thei拖nside禮ofthe茂gels宿incei習(xí)trequ坑ireda持nanae怨robic趁enviro毀nment升[10]襖.Thus高,for譽(yù)nitrif因icatio罷n,amm壯onias詢hould境bedif濱fused憂neart怕heout盯ersur覆faceo優(yōu)fthe樓packed芬gele照nvelop留es.Fo偉rdeni蘆trific列ation,洽nitri綠t例e賊—暑which事preexi秘stedi某nthe往wastew春atera豬ndwas趴oxidi萌zedfr獵omamm住oniab祝y晉N.eur遍opaea鑰onthe艇outer貌surfa螞ceof表envelo營(yíng)pe銀s擴(kuò)—瓜andni餓trate誼should焦bein增troduc段edint呢othei豬nnerp卵a(bǔ)rtof滿thep革acked豬gelen掙velope朗bydi步ffusio寒n.Bec舍auset賄herat討eofd暴iffusi圣onof別ammoni倆ainto煤thep萄a(bǔ)cked莫gelen酒velope夏swas碑propor智tional宴toth釋eammo茅niaco殲ncentr下ation,擺thea溝mmonia頸oxida仆tionr游atewa艱sthou銷ghtto澡bepr嬸oporti括onalt猶othe詳ammoni軌aconc沸entrat晴ion.瑞Furthe通r,the冷nitro磁genre墓moval吵perfor歉mance廚appear輕edto早bepro序portio依nalto劈thet滾otaln廳itroge牲nconc孔entrat葬ionas況thed瑞iffusi旬onof除ammoni繪a,nit火rite,岡andni遇trate崇intot貞heenv蕩elopes買wasp壞roport笑ional屢tothe卸total誠(chéng)nitro棚genco糟ncentr音ation.冬This糕wasca債usedb跡ythe奇diffus渾ionof驟nitro晶genin板tothe工envel嬌opes.漂Thus,嫩inthi派ssyst膛em,th漿ediff轟usion坐ofnit欄rogen妥intot挎hepac蝴kedge芳lenve孩lopew陳asone稅of域theli免miting朵facto妨rsfor塞nitro真genre姐moval三perfor縱mance.吳Thei峽ntensi疤tyof懲wastew叉aterf拆lowde昨crease密sthe慢thickn菠essof彈thei之nterfa解cialf鼠ilm.T己hisma最yimpr拖oveth釣ediff宜usion帝affect瀉ingth殼enitr包ogenr午emoval偽perfo架rmance紐.漂4.2.U續(xù)tiliza宣tione牢fficie怕ncyof炭elect著rondo拆norfo非rdeni雅trific幕ation稱Anele口ctron拍donor藥(e.g.,膊ethan以ol)is武requi堂redfo毀rdeni斯trific臺(tái)ation.滴Thet厘heoret巡icalm被aximum商rate功ofnit林rogen點(diǎn)remova瘋lper哀square隱meter保ofth磚egel擁areaw堂ascal塔culate奮dasf賞ollows邀:娛R殺max奔=債abc參特A(1)俱where碌A(chǔ)遺isthe痰gela脊reaof估each待envelo晚pe(m2挺),番a醒isthe救absol若uteeth椅anolv管olume省inject唐edint鴉oeach博envel鴨opepe辜rday要(mlda洞y貢?栗1),穗b局isthe少purit燥yofe種thanol虧used,摘保c昌isthe蒸nitro踢genma久sscap贏ableo爹fdeni霧trifyi更ngper柴ethan徑olmas疏s(gg微?肚1),彩R蜜maxis孫thet輛heoret奇icalm廊aximum當(dāng)nitro埋genre篩moval螞ratep臘ersqu鵝areme錘terof位theg耳elare著a(gm忌?臘2day課?獻(xiàn)1),an糊d訂斜托isthe創(chuàng)relat鞠ivede她nsity摔ofeth肌anola殊t20寨?果C(gml藝?臨1).In吩this姑case,擱theva宏lueso現(xiàn)f冤A摟,耐b潑,and株業(yè)充were2融.52m2,痛0.995棒,and0河.789g守ml坦?好1,res聚pectiv蓋ely.I鏡nthe物contin額uouso蹦perati家on,si單nce16歌0mLof水a(chǎn)10%把ethan書olsol滔ution驟wasin塌jected代into疊eache吐nvelop牲eper貞day,t雷heval揉ueof啦a車was16們mLday們?仰1.The閱chemi恩calre普action麥occur傍ringd士uring告thede弓nitrif頂icatio或nofn茅itrite遭byth椅euse相ofeth洲anoli祝sasf爺ollows趙:斬4NO2伐?務(wù)+席C2H5OH牌弊→玩陵2N2掉+率2CO2離+仰H2O圈+攝4OH麻?材布(查2)財(cái)Thu