國貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù)第一章作業(yè)

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姓名：程思班級：金融試驗(yàn)班學(xué)號：20234120236

一、Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationyouhavegot.

1.Whatisinternationaltrade?

Answer：Internationaltradeisabusinesswhichinvolvesthecrossingofnationalborders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalsoencompassesthegrowingservicesindustry.Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusinessrelationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.Internationaltrade,alsocalledforeigntrade,inessence,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofcommodityandserviceacrossnationalboundaries.Itincludesimportandexporttradeoperations.

2.Whatarethemostessentialmotivetopursueinternationaltrade?

Answer：Resourceacquisition,benefitsacquisition,diversificationandexpandsales.3.Whatisthemostessentialmotivetopursueinternationaltrade?Answer：Themostessentialmotiveistogainprofit.

4.Whatmeasuresdomostcompaniesusuallyadopttoavoidwildswingsinthesalesandprofits?

Answer：Companiesusuallyprefertoavoidwildswigsintheirsalesandprofits;sotheyseekoutforeignmarketsandprocurementasameanstothisend.Somefilmcompanieshavetosmooththeiryearlongsalessomewhatbecausethesummervacationperiod(themainseasonforchildren’sfilmattendance)variesbetweenthenorthernandsouthernhemispheres.Thesecompanieshavealsobeenabletomakelargetelevisioncontractsduringdifferentyearsfordifferentcountries.Manyotherfirmstakeadvantageofthefactthatthetimingofbusinesscyclesdiffersamongcountries.Thuswhilesalesdecreaseinonecountrythatisexperiencingrecession,theyincreaseinanotherthatisundergoingrecovery.Finally,bydependingonsuppliesofthesameproductorcomponentfromdifferentcountries,acompanymaybeabletoavoidthefullimpactofpriceswingsorshortagesinanycountrythatmightbebroughtabout,forexample,byastrike.

5.Pleasegivethefourmajoroperationformschosenbymostcompanies.

Answer：Thefourmajoroperatingformsaremerchandiseexportsandimports,serviceexportsandimports,investmentandmultinationalenterprise.6.Whatdoesbalanceofpaymentsaccountmean?

Answer：Balanceofpaymentisadeficitoccurswhenthetotalpaymentsleavingacountryaregreaterthanmoneyinreceiptenteringfromabroad.Thecountrythenwilltrytolimitimportsandincreaseexports.

7.Whatarethebasicsourcesofinternationalrevenueandexpenditureformostcountries?

Answer：Thebasicsourcesofinternationalrevenuearemerchandiseexportingandimporting.

8.CouldyoufindanydifferencesbetweenDirectInvestmentandPortfolioInvestment?Ifyoucan,pleasetellthemainreasons.

Answer：Yes.Therearesomanydifferencesbetweenthem.

Directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Portfolioinvestmentcanbeeitherdebtorequity,butthefactorthatdistinguishesportfoliofromdirectinvestmentisthatcontroldoesnotfollowthiskindofinvestment.Becausedirectinvestmentusually(butnotalways)comesafterafirmhasexperienceinexportingorimportingdirectinvestmentoperationsmaybesetupinordertogainaccesstocertainresourcesoraccesstoamarketforthefirm’sproduct.Whileportfolioinvestmentisimportantfornearlyallfirmsoperatingextensiveinternationally.Theyareusedprimarilyforfinancialpurposes.

9.Pleasegiveexamplestoexplain“Servicesareearningsotherthanthosefromgoods〞.

Answer：Serviceexportsandimportsrefertointernationalearningsotherthanthosefromgoodssenttoanothercountry.Receiptoftheseearningsisconsideredasaserviceexport,whereaspaymentisconsideredasaserviceimport.Servicesarealsoreferredasinvisible.Internationalbusinesscomprisesmanydifferenttypesofservices.Forexample1)TourismandTransportation2)Performanceofactivitiesabroad3)Useofassetsfromabroad4)Licensing5)TradingCompanies6)JointVentures7)Investment8)VisibleandInvisibleTrade

10.Whatinfluencestheinternationaloperationalformswhichacompanywillchoose?Answer：Inmakingtheirchoices,thecompanies’ownobjectivesandresourcesaswellasenvironmentsinwhichthefirmsoperateshouldbeconsidered.11.Whatlimitsafirm’ssales?

Answer：Firm’ssalesarelimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sandservicesandbycustomer’scapacitytomakepurchases.

12.Whyismerchandiseexportsandimportsthefirmstypeofforeignoperationsinwhichafirmgetsinvolved?

Answer：Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperationsusuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.13.Whatdoes“royalties〞mean?

Answer：Royaltiesarethepaymentforusingassetsfromabroad,suchasfortrademarks,patents,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontactsknownaslicensingagreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidforfranchising,awayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty(thefranchisor)sellsanindependentparty(thefranchisee)theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchiseesbusiness.14.Whatis“franchising〞?

Answer：Franchisingisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty(thefranchisor)sellsanindependentparty(thefranchisee)theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchiseesbusiness.

二、Matcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright.

J1.motivationA.tomakecontinualeffortstogainsth.

A2.pursueB.theactionofobtaining,esp.byeffortsofcareful

attention

E3.markupC.whichbyitsnaturecannotbeknownbysenses,

notclearandcertain,notreal

B4.procurementD.thegoods(freight)carriedbyaship,planeor

vehicle

C5.intangibleE.theamountbywhichapriceisraisedD6.cargoF.profit,interest

I7.royaltyG.thenetvalueofassetsorinterest,invest

G8.equity