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溫斯頓·倫納德·斯賓塞·丘吉簡介WinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(November30,1874-January24,1965),Britishpolitician,historian,painter,speaker,writer,journalist,Wasborninthearistocraticfamily,thefatherofLordRandolphservedasBritishChancelloroftheExchequer.

WinstonLeonardSpencerChurchillwasbornin1874inOxfordCounty,England,Woodstock.From1940to1945and1951to1955twiceastheBritishPrimeMinister,isconsideredoneofthemostimportantpoliticalleadersofthe20thcentury,leadingtheBritishpeoplewontheSecondWorldWar,isoneofthe"YaltaConferenceBigThree",Afterthewarpublished"ironcurtainspeech",officiallyopenedthepreludetotheColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Hewrotethe"unwantedwar"wonthe1953NobelPrizeinLiterature,with"MemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar"16volumes,"Englishnationalhistory"24volumesandsoon.ChurchillisoneofthemostnumerouspeopleinthehistoryofEnglishwords(morethan120,000),bytheUSmagazine"character"astheworld'smostpersuasiveonehundredyearsthemostoneofthegreatspeaker,haswontheNobelPeacePrizeNomination.From1929to1965,for36consecutiveyearsastheBritishUniversityofBristol.In2022,theBBCheldasurveycalled"thegreatest100British",theresultsofChurchillwaselectedasthegreatestBritishever.

溫斯頓·倫納德·斯賓塞·丘吉人物生平Earlyexperience

November30,1874,ChurchillwasbornintheUnitedKingdomOxfordCountyWoodstocktownofBlenheimPalace.Churchillisaprematurechild,becausehisfatherRandolphChurchillisbusywithpoliticsandhismotherandindulgeincommunication,Churchillyouthrarelyfeelthecareoftheirparents,onlywithhisnannyforgedadeepaffection.

In1881,7-year-oldChurchillwassenttoaschoolofaristocraticschool,Churchillistheschool'smostnaughty,mostgreedy,oneoftheworststudents,sooftentheteacher'scorporalpunishment,andlaterhadtotransfertoanotherSchool.

In1888,ChurchillenteredtheEtonpublicschoolafterHarrowpublicschool,buttheresultsarestillpoor,althoughChurchill'spooracademicperformance,buthesucceeded,thekeydependsonhisoverallquality,LordRandolphdecidedAfterhissonChurchillgraduatedhewassenttotheRoyalMilitaryAcademyofSanghurst.

InAugust1893,Churchillenteredtheschool'scavalryprofessionalstudy.

In1895,Churchillpoliticallyunhappyfatherdied.

InFebruary1929,Churchillgraduatedfromthemilitaryacademy,wasassignedtothefourthhussarsregimentlieutenant.

InOctober1895,justasLieutenantColonelChurchillusedtheholidaysandfriendstogotoCubatoexperiencetheSpanishandCubanlocalpeopleuprisingwar.Becauseofhisfather'srelationshipChurchillwasfancybytheBritishintelligencedepartment,hewasresponsibleforcollectingtheSpanisharmyusedbythebulletinformation."DailyChronicle"alsohiredhimasanarmyreporter,publishedforthenewspaper.

InNovember1895,afterthewar,aSpanishRedCrossMedievalChurchillreturnedtoEngland,CubatriptoChurchillfellinlovewithwritingandjournalistlife.

In1896,ChurchillmovedtoIndiawithhistroops,wherehehadtimetoreadalotofhistory,philosophicalworks.Ayearlater,thenorthernIndiantribebrokeoutagainsttheBritisharmeduprising,afterthenewsChurchillimmediatelyinvitedthefaketo"CalcuttaHerald"and"DailyTelegraph"reporterinterviewedtheBritishmilitaryaction,hewasTothetwonewspapersissuedonthebasisofthemanuscriptsandthenaddtheirowncollectionofotherinformation,writethefirstbook"MaraKandefieldarmydocumentary."

1898"MalakandFieldArmyDocumentary"publishedintheUK,followedbythepublicationofthenovel"SaPiluoLa",theBritishandSudanwar"riverwar."

InSeptember1899,Churchill,whohadresignedfrommilitaryservice,traveledtoSouthAfricaasa"morningpost"reportertointerviewtheBritishclothwar.OnthewaytotheBritishsoldiersonthewaytobecometheSouthAfricanprimeministeroftheendoftheprisoners,ChurchillAlthoughthemilitaryjournalists,butbecauseofitsweaponsandtoparticipateinthefighting,theBullsrefusedtoreleasehim.

InDecember1899,Churchillwasextremelyboldandsucceededinescapingalone,withthehelpofalocalBritishcitizen,fledtotheBritishConsulateofLorenzo-Marquis(nowMaputo,Mozambique).InMarch1900,Churchill,whohadbeenfightingseveraltimes,finallyreturnedtoEngland,andChurchill,whowasknownthroughoutthecountrythroughthejailbreak,decidedtoseizetheopportunityandenterpolitics.

Politicalcareer

InOctober1900,Churchill,whorepresentedtheBritishConservativeParty,successfullyelecteda61-yearpoliticalcareer.ButinParliament,althoughheisamemberoftheConservativeParty,butcriticizedtheConservativegovernment'smanypolicies,criticizedthegovernmentintheBritishclothwarpolicy,andinsistedagainstthegovernment'smilitaryexpansionplan,inthesuccessofthegovernment'smilitaryproposalaftertheadoptionoftheHouseofCommonsChurchillwenttotheoppositeofthegovernmentontradeissues.HepubliclyexpressedoppositiontoPrimeMinisterNevilleChamberlain'spolicyoftradebarriersandinsistedonmaintainingtheprincipleoffreetrade,whichmadehimbreakwiththeConservativeParty.

In1904heclaimedtobean"independentConservative",andeventuallyin1905JanuarywastheConservativePartytocancelthemembership.

InMay1905,hesatintheoppositionparty.

In1906,theLiberalPartycametopowerandChurchillwasappointedasthechiefofficeroftheColonialAffairsDepartment.ThemostimportantachievementinhistermwastopromotetheautonomyofSouthAfrica.

In1908,PrimeMinisterAsquithcametopower,ChurchillwasappointedMinisterofCommerce,formallyenteredthecabinet,theofficetopromotethemandatoryunemploymentanddisabilityinsuranceworkers,andobstructtheNavytoincreasethebudget.

September2,1908,whenthethenMinisteroftheChurchoftheChurchillandthearistocraticbutpoorfamilyClementineKhaoZiermarried,about1,400peopleattendedthewedding,thekingalsopresentedtothecoupleacarvedAcanewiththeMalcolianfamilyemblem.

In1910ChurchillbecameMinisteroftheInterior,contributedtothereformoftheprison,andwascriticizedforhisunrulyattitudeinthefaceoftheworkers'parade.ThemostfamousactiontookplaceinJanuary1911Orderedthemilitarytosuppressthestrikeandparadeactivitiesthatisfamous"SednaStreetkillings",whenthepolicelearnedthatagroupofEasternEuropeanarchistsrobbedajewelrystore,Churchillpersonallyarrivedatthescenecommandtosurroundtheaction,mobilizedthecannon,army,Tosuppress.

OnOctober25,1911,ChurchillexchangedpositionswithMcKennaandtransferredtotheNavyMinister.

InJanuary1912,ChurchillformallyestablishedtheCombatStaffintheNavy.

InFebruary1912,ChurchillpublishedaspeechattheGlasgowfortheGermanNavy.

InJuly1914,theoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar.

August1,1914,Churchillreceived"GermanyhasdeclaredwaronRussia,"thetelecommunications,issuedtheirownnavalmobilizationorder,thenextdaytogetthecabinettorecover.

InJanuary1915,ChurchillapprovedtheNavy'splantocapturetheDardanellStrait,butintheendtheNavywasunabletocapturethestrait,andpaidahugeprice,makingtheBritishatthebeginningofthewaradvantage,ChurchillbecametheConservativeviolentattackObject.

InMay1915,PrimeMinisterAsquith,whodecidedtojointhecoalitionwiththeConservatives,wasexemptedfromthepostofMinisteroftheChurchillNavyandsenthimtotheMinisterswhowerethelowestintheCabinet.WaschasedoutofthepoliticalcircleofChurchilldecidedtoresign,rushedtotheFrenchfronttopersonallyparticipateinthewar.

InMay1916,ChurchilldroppedofficeoftheRoyalScottishMauserGroup6battalioncommander,andgaveuptherankoflieutenantcolonel,backtoParliament.

InSeptember1916,theDardanellStraitWarInvestigationCommitteewasestablished,inJanuarythefollowingyeartheCommitteeissuedareportforChurchilltoregaintheopportunitytoriseinthepoliticalarena.

InJuly1917,LiberalPartyleaderLloydGeorgeannouncedtheappointmentofChurchillasMinisterofQuartermaster.Churchillpromotedanumberofnewinventionsthathadfar-reachingimplicationsforfuturewars,includingtanks,airplanesandchemicalgases,intherankofmunicipality.AttheofferofChurchill,theUKquicklyexpandedthescaleofthetanktopromotetheuseofaircraftinthewar.

InNovember1918theBritishheldthefirstgeneralelectionafterWorldWarI,aftertheelectionChurchillinthecabinetasthearmyministerandthearmyministertwopositions.HebegantoadjusttheBritisharmy,andadvocatedapositiveinterventionintheRussiancivilwar.Churchillwasalsoknownforhisfirmanti-communistposition,withtheonlyexceptionbeingintheSecondWorldWar.

In1921,ChurchillwastransferredtotheMinisterofColonialAffairs,part-timeAirForceMinister,begannegotiationswiththeIrishSinnFein,andultimatelyallowedIrelandtobecomealeaderoftheBritishEmpire.

In1922theelectionoftheLiberalPartyfiasco,Churchillhimselfalsointheirownconstituencyaccidentaldefeat.Theyearsofwarhaveleftthevotersleft,andthevoterswhohadsupportedtheLiberalPartyhadfallenheavilytotheLaborParty.

Churchillwasdefeatedagaininthe1923election,andtheLaborPartywonthefirstLaborgovernment.ChurchillrealizedthattheLiberalParty'sforceshadbeguntodeclineandthatitwasdifficulttobecomepoliticalforcesthatcouldcompetewiththeConservativesinpolitics,andthathegraduallyalienatedtheLiberalPartyandmovedclosertotheConservatives.

InMarch1924,Churchillwaselectedasan"independentantisocialist"andsuggestedthatallotheroppositionparties,suchastheLiberalParty,shouldmoveclosertothestrongerConservativeParty.ThefinalelectionresultsChurchillor43voteslost.

Inthesummerof1924,theLaborPartywassetupforninemonths,andChurchillwaselectedtotheConservativePartyonbehalfoftheConservativePartyandwasappointedMinisterofFinancebyPrimeMinisterStanleyBaldwin.ButChurchillhimselfdidnotknowanythingaboutfinance,andpromotedthere-useofgoldintheUK.

ChurchillandtheRamsayAdmiraltocheckthecombatmap(4