2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)

2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Atfirst,SamWaltonwastheownerofa______.

A.grocery

B.five-and-dimestore

C.low-endrestaurant

D.laundry

2.

MsRobertsdemandsthatthegovernmenttakeontheresponsibilityforfindingoutthe______offamilyrelationshipcrisis.

3.

"Wardoff"(Line1,Para5)canbebestreplacedby______.

4.

Ifyouwanttohavethesamekindoflivingasaretiree,youmayspend20%lessmonthlythanyoudonowbecause______.

A.olderpeopletendtobemorefrugal

B.expensesinvolvedinworkaresaved

C.publictransportationwillbecheaperthen

D.olderpeoplecandotheirowncleaningthen

5.

Incitiesortownswhere______isnotserious,itismorelikelythatblackpeoplewouldenterintermarriage.

6.

FortheentireIditarodrace,asleddogteamhastoeatsomuchasto______.

7.ArtificialIntelligence

I'msurethatHansMoravecisatleastassaneasIam,buthecertainlybroughttomindtheclassicmadscientistaswesatinhisfifth-floorofficeatCarnegie-MellonUniversityonadarkandstormynight.Itwasnearlymidnight,andhemixedforeachofusabowlofchocolatemilkandCheerios,withslicesofbananapiledontop.

Then,withbanana-slicingknifeinhand,Moravec,theseniorresearchscientistatCarnegieMellon'sMobileRobotLaboratory,outlinedformehowhecouldcreatearoboticimmortalityforEveryman,adeathlessuniverseinwhichlifewouldgoonforever.Bycreatingcomputercopiesofourmindsandtransferring,ordownloading,thisprogramintoroboticbodies,Moravecexplained,humanscouldsurviveforcenturies.

"Youareinanoperatingroom.Arobotbrainsurgeonisinattendance...Yourskullbutnotyourbrainisanesthetized(麻醉).Youarefullyconscious.Thesurgeonopensyourbraincaseandpeersinside."ThisishowMoravecdescribedtheprocessinapaperhewrotecalled"RobotsThatRove".Theroboticsurgeon'sattentionisdirectedatasmallclumpofaboutonehundredneuronssomewherenearthesurface.Usinghigh-resolution3-Dnuclear-magnetic-resonanceholography,phased-arrayradioencephalography,andultrasonicradar,thesurgeondeterminesthethree-dimensionalstructureandchemicalmakeupofthatneuralclump.Itwritesaprogramthatmodelsthebehavior.oftheclumpandstartsitrunningonasmallportionofthecomputersittingnexttoyou.

Thatcomputersittingnexttoyouintheoperatingroomwouldineffectbeyournewbrain.Aseachareaofyourbrainwasanalyzedandsimulated,theaccuracyofthesimulationwouldbetestedasyoupressedabuttontoshiftbetweentheareaofthebrainjustcopiedandthesimulation.Whenyoucouldn'ttellthedifferencebetweentheoriginalandthecopy,thesurgeonwouldtransferthesimulationofyourbrainintothenew,computerizedoneandrepeattheprocessonthenextareaofyourbiologicalbrain.

"Thoughyouhavenotlostconsciousnessorevenyourtrainofthought,yourmind--somewouldsaysoul--hasbeenremovedfromthebrainandtransferredtoamachine,"Moravecsaid,"Inafinalstepyouroldbodyisdisconnected.Thecomputerisinstalledinashinynewone,inthestyle,color,andmaterialofyourchoice."

AswesataroundMoravec'sofficeIaskedwhatwouldbecomeoftheoriginalhumanbodyafterthedownloading."Youjustdon'tbotherwakingitupagainifthecopyingwentsuccessfully."hesaid."It'ssomessy.Humanshavegotsomanyproblemsthatyoumightjustwanttoleaveitretired.Youdon'ttakeyourJunkercaroutifyou'vegotanewone."

Moravec'sideaistheultimateinlifeinsurance.Onceonecopyofthebrain'scontentshasbeenmade,itwillbeeasytomakemultiplebackupcopies,andthesecouldbestashedinhidingplacesaroundtheworld,allowingyoutoembarkonanysortofadventurewithouthavingtoworryaboutagingordeath.Asdecadespassintocenturiesyoucouldtraveltheglobeandthenthesolarsystemandbeyond--alwayskeepinganeyeoutforthelatestinroboticbodiesintowhichyoucouldtransferyourcomputermind.

Iflivingforeverweren'tenough,youcouldliveforeverseveraltimesoverbyactivatingsomeofyourbackupcopiesandsendingdifferentversionsofyourselfouttoseetheworld."Youcouldhaveparallelexperiencesandmergethememorieslater,"Moravecexplained.

IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedmystayatCarnegie-Mellon,Iwasintriguedbyhowmanyresearchersseemedtobelievedownloadingwouldcometopass.Theonlypointofdisagreementwaswhen--certainlyabigconsiderationtothoseofusstillknockingaroundinmortalbodies.AlthoughsomeoftheresearchersIspokewithatCarnegie-Mellon,

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Thesolarspectrumincludesvisiblelight,infraredlight,X-rays,and______.

9.

Boyshaveahigherriskofdevelopingheartdiseasethangirls.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Whenyousoundor"hear"wordsasyouread,youshouldforceyourselftofocusonimportantwordsand______.

11.

Theauthorhadeitherforgottenorcompletelyignored______formorethansixyears.

12.Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVRN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WhatWillBe

We'venowacknowledgedsomefundamentalancienthumanfumesandthewaystheywillaffectandbeaffectedbytheInformationMarketplace.ItistimetoconsiderthegreatestchangesthattheInformationMarketplacehastooffer.Togettoit,let'sreconstructthekeydiscoverieswehavemade,whichtogetherdescribe"whatwillbe."

Webeganwithasimplebutfur-reachingmodelofthefutureworldofinformationasanInformationMarketplace,wherepeopleandtheircomputerswillbuy,sell,andfreelyexchangeinformation.OurfirstdiscoverywasthatthisInformationMarketplacecanindeedbebuiltonatechnologicalfoundation:theinformationsystem.Wewentontoexplorethemanyhuman-ma-chineinterfacespeoplewillusetogetinandoutofthisnewedifice,fromvirtualrealityandfancybodysuitstothelowlykeyboard,andsingledoutspeechinterfacesasperhapsthemostsignificantandimminent.Weexploredthepipesthatwillcarryourinformationandthewayswewillbendthemtogiveusthespeed,reliability,andsecurityweneed.Wealsosawhowavastarrayofnewsharedsoftwaretoolswillevolveonthissystem,shiftingtheattentionoftheentiresoftwarebusinessfromindividualtointerconnectedcomputers.Thearrivalofthisfoundationiscertain,butitcouldbedelayedbyadecadeormoreifthekeyplayerscontinuetheirwarsforcontrolandtheirindifferencetowardthesharedsystemtheyallneed.Wesawtoothattherewon'tbejustahandfulofwinnersthatwillsurvivethesewars;thefieldisvast,rich,andfullofchallengesforalmosteverysupplierandconsumerofinformationtobeawinner.

OursecondmajordiscoverywasthattheInformationMarketplacewilldramaticallyaffectpeopleandorganizationsonawidescale.Besidesitsmanyusesincommerce,officework,andmanufacturing,itwillalsoimprovehealthcare,providenewwaystoshop,enableprofessionalandsocialencountersacrosstheglobe,andgenerallypermeatethethousandsofthingswedointhecourseofourdailylives.Itwillhelpuspursueoldandnewpleasures,anditwillencouragenewartforms,whichmaybecriticizedbutwillmoveartforward,asnewtoolshavealwaysdone.Itwillalsoimproveeducationandtraining,firstinspecificandestablishedwaysandlaterthroughbreakthroughsthatareconfidentlyawaited.Humanorganizationsfromtinycompaniestoentirenationalgovernmentswillbenefittoo,becausesomuchoftheworktheydoisinformationwork.

Puttingallthesedetailedusesinperspective,wecametorealizethattheyaredifferentfacesoftwomajornewforces:electronicbulldozersandelectronicproximity.Eachhasbroadconsequencesforsociety.Theelectronicbulldozers'effectisprimarilyeconomic,increasinghumanproductivityinbothourpersonallivesandtheworkplace.Therapid,widespreaddistributionofinformationintheform.ofinfo-nouns(text,photos,sounds,video)andespeciallyinfo-verbs(humanandmachineworkoninformation)isonesimplewayinwhichproductivitywillincrease.Automatizationistheotherpowerfuleffector;machine-to-machineexchangeswilloff-loadhumanbrainworkthewaymachinesofthe

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Thebacteriadependonwormsforhydrogensulfideinthesymbioticrelationship.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

_______________carriesthesameburdenofpermanence,expressedthistimeinanegativeway.

15.Awedding-planningworkermaybethesourceofhiscolleague'sangerbecause______.

A.thelatterisjealousoftheformer'shappiness

B.thelatterhastodosomeoftheformer'swork

C.theformermayforcethelattertohelpwiththewedding

D.thelattertendstomakemistakesundertheformer'sinfluence

16.

CarrefourhasbecomeLiFang'sfirstchoicewhenshewantstogetsomeshoppingdonebecausesheenjoysthe______,thehighqualityandthebiggervarietyofcommodities.

17.

Tayloris______,sawanotherandshothim,too.

18.

Whatdoweknowaboutthe"ghosting"fromthepassage?

A.ItisadoubleimageofTV.

B.Itreferstothespeedoflight.

C.Itwaseventuallysolvedbyengineers.

D.Itreferstothespeedoftheradiosignals.

19.

Inthepassage,theauthortakesMichaelEisnerandStevenSpielbergasexamplestoshowthatthesepeoplehaveachievedsuccesswithout______.

20.

MichaelRossresignedandspenthisunemploymenttimeplayingguitarandexploringhislifelonginterestinscriptwritingandthemoviebusinessforhelookedatthisasan______,ratherthanapenalty.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(25)

A.Hewillbetooweak.

B.Hewillbeclever.

C.Hewillbestupid.

D.Hewillbecrazy.

22.(24)

A.Ahousewithtworooms.

B.Ahousethatlookslikeastorage.

C.Ahousewiththreeentrances.

D.Ahousewithallthefurniture.

23.(22)

A.Becausesheisthewoman.

B.Becausesheisclever.

C.Becausesheprotectsherrightthroughthelaw.

D.Becauseshegetsalotofmoney.

24.

【B9】

25.

【B10】

26.(35)

A.Eatingmorefreshvegetablesandfruits.

B.Takingpillsofvitaminsandtraceelements.

C.Alternatingworkwithrest.

D.Doingregularexercise.

27.(26)

A.Shewantsthemantolistentotheinstructionsandobserve.

B.Shewantsthemantowatchwhilesheperformstheoperations.

C.Shewantsthemantoaskquestionssothatshecanhelphim.

D.Shewantsthemantotrytodoitwhileshegiveshiminstructions.

28.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Idon'tknowyoucaneatsomuchyetneverputonanyweight,son.Yourfather'sgotthesameluck.Ican'ttakeabitewithoutcalculatinghowmanycaloriesIamtaking.

M:ButrememberAuntLouise,Mom?Sheatealotandnevergainedapound.

Q:Whoiswordedaboutgainingweight?

(15)

A.Theson.B.Thefather.C.Themother.D.AuntLouise.

29.(45)

30.聽(tīng)力原文：W：Whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?HowaboutMr．Johnson?

M：Mr．Johnson?I'mnotsure．Heisanicefellow，ofcourse，andeasytogetalongwith．ButIdoubthisprofessionalexpertise．IthinkMs．Brownisbetter．Imean，sheiscutoutforit．

Q：Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

(13)

A.Whoisgoingtogetthejob.

B.TheiropinionsonMr.Johnson.

C.TheiropinionsonMs.Brown.

D.ThedifferencesbetweenMr.JohnsonandMs.Brown.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.76.B.54.C.92.D.58.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,allthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—thechild'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity—areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers.Thisisparticularlytreeaboutlearningthatislanguage-related.Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.

Inviewoftheirpower,it'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheirchild'sintelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenintimidatedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschoolandparentsarebeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.

Parentshavebeenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushedtoreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbesttaughtindividually—andtheeasiestplacetodothisisathome.Manyfour-andfive-year-oldswhohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillspontaneouslycomposesinglewordsoftheirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.

(27)

A.Parentsaremoreinfluentialthanteachersinchildren'seducation.

B.Parentsareignorantinmakingthemostoftheirchildren'sintelligence.

C.Parentsarenotadvisedtoeducatetheirchildrenbeforeschool.

D.Parentsfinditeasiesttoteachtheirchildrentoreadathome.

33.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Look,Idon'twanttobeanuisance,butI'mafraidI'mnothappywithmyroom.

M:I'msorryaboutthat,madam.What'sthematter?

W:Well,frankly,thestateofdecorationisappalling...

M:Ah,yes,madam.Thatroomisduetoberedecoratednextweek.

W:Also,thewindowwon'topen...

M:Won'tit,madam?I'llgetGeorgetocomeandlookatit.

W:...andIcan'tgetanyhotwaterintheshower.

M:Ah,perhapsyoudidn'trunthewaterlongenough,madam.

W:Iranitforfourorfiveminutes.Thatshouldbelongenough.

M:George...George...Hart,willyougouptoroom43...andchecktheshowerandseeifyoucanopenthewindow...

W:Look,I'msorrybutI'dlikeanotherroom.

M:Shallweseeifwecansortouttheselittledifficultiesfirst,madam?

W:Asfarasroom43isconcerned,Idon'tmindwhatyoudo,butIwantacleanroom,inreasonabledecorativeorder,withwindowsthatopenandashowerthatworks.

M:Letmesee...Icanletyouhaveadoubleroom,madam.

W:Idon'twantadoubleroom.Iwantasingleroom.

M:I'msorry,madam,butI'mafraid43istheonlysingleroomavailableatthemoment.However,Icouldhaveawordwiththemanagerwhenhecomesin.

W:Ithinkyou'dbetter.

(20)

A.Thedecorationisterrible.

B.Thewindowwon'topen.

C.Theroomisn'tclean.

D.Thereisnohotwaterfortheshower.

34.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Hello,willyoupleasesendsomeoneuptomyapartment.Thehotwaterisrunning,andIcan'tturnitoff.

W:There'snooneintheofficerightnow.I'llsendsomeoneupassoonasIcan.

Q:Whydidthemanwantsomeonetocomeuptohisapartment?

(16)

A.Heneededanelectrician.

B.Thewaterwasrunning.

C.Hehadnohotwater.

D.Therewasnoheat.

35.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Operasingershavetotrainforyears.Howdidyougetyourtraining?

W:Well,Ihavealwayslovedtosing,andIbegantakingvoicelessonsinhighschool.WhenIwastwenty,IcametoNewYorkonascholarshipandstudiedataninstitute.And,ofcourse,I'mstilllearning.

Q:Whatisthewoman'soccupation?

(18)

A.Sheisahighschoolstudent.

B.Sheisacollegestudent.

C.Sheisanoperasinger.

D.Sheisapopsinger.

36.(32)

A.Inamountainousarea.

B.Closetoacalmlake.

C.Highupinthesky.

D.Wherealotofwaterissprayed.

37.(21)

A.Twiceherpresentsalary.

B.Tendollarsmoreperweek.

C.ThesameasSnodgrass,EllingtonandPitts.

D.TendollarsmoreperweekthanSnodgrass,EllingtonandPitts.

38.聽(tīng)力原文：M:It'sgoodyoubroughtthebooksback.

W:Ithoughtyoumightneednovelsattheweekend.Thanksforlettingmeusethem.

Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?

(16)

A.Sheofferedtohelptheman.

B.Sheborrowedthebooksfromtheman.

C.Shebroughtthebooksthemanaskedfor.

D.Sheletthemanuseherbooksfortheweekend.

39.

【B4】

40.(30)

A.Theywerebothfamousactresses.

B.Theywerebothpopularalltheirlives.

C.Theywerebothrichandkind-hearted.

D.Theywerebothsuccessfulwhenveryyoung.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C5】

42.

Ifmemoriesfailedtofade,______.

43.

AlthoughmakingthefacilityenvironmentallyfriendlyaddedthecostoftheToyotaMotorCorp.,thesavingsfromusinggreenfacilitiescan______.

44.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakstandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

45.Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeonthesidewalkwhileperchedontopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillioncones(視錐細(xì)胞)persquaremillimeterinitsretina(視網(wǎng)膜).Andinwater,humansarefarsighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinboththeairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae(凹窩)-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveapermitsthebird,whileintheair,toscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbotheyes,likebinoculars,onitspreyatthesametime.Afrog'svisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas"bugdetectors",ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog'seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn'tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa"compound"eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facetsthatdividewhatitseesintoapatternofdots,ormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasasingledot,aconstantpointofreference.Thus,theeyeisasuperbnavigationalinstrumentthatconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineofflightinrelationtothesun.Abee'seyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20"perfectvision"palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan'tultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe"perfectvision"isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.

However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasuresofcolorvision.

TheSnelleneyechartmeasuresone'seyesightby______.

A.thenumberoflineshereads

B.thenumberofletterhereads

C.thedistancehestandsawayfromthechart

D.thespeedatwhichherecognizestheletters

46.Theauthorsuggeststhat,towinthewaragainstalcoholabuse,______.

A.weshouldemphasizetheharmofpassivedrinking

B.it'simportanttochangethecurrentnotionofalcohol

C.alcoholshouldbetreatedthesamewayassmoking

D.it'snecessarytoclassifyalcoholasanillegaldrug

47.

Twofactorsinfluencingperformanceincognitivetestsaresocioeconomicstatusand______.

48.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Dressingforeffect.

B.Managerialpositionsandclothing.

C.Howtodressappropriately.

D.Dressingfortheoccasion.

49.

Accordingtothestudyteam,______isapracticethatcanencouragetransmissionofthebirdflu.

50.

Themostexpensivemediumforadvertisersis______.

A.newspaperB.radioC.TVD.directmail

51.

WhatcanwelearnfromtheParagraph3?

A.ThegenesofAlzheimer'sdiseasehavebeendecodedafterthedecodingofhumangenome.

B.Braindiseasesusuallyaretheoutcomeofinteractionofcomplicatedgroupsofgenes.

C.Thescientists'findingsongeneshavequicklyleadtounderstandingofmentaldiseases.

D.thecomplexityhadstoppedtheresearchersfromcomeupwithtreatmenttomentaldiseases.

52.

Whichofthefollowingcompanieswillfaceamoredifficultproblem?

A.McDonald'sB.UnileverC.QuelleSchickendansD.Volkswagen

53.

Inadditiontohelpingsavetheanimalincaseofdanger,thecameracan______.

54.(56)

55.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetheoreticalfoundationoficeboxshouldbethat______.

56.

Withanup-to-dateresumereadyasanoption,youmayfeelbetteratyourjobbecause______.

A.youaretodowondersinyourwork

B.itseemstobetheonlypositiveattitude

C.youhavemadeadecisiononyourown

D.itisuptoyoutochoosebetweentwoalternatives

57.

Accordingtothepassage,thethemesfoundinTheScarletLetterare______.

A.foundinmanyexamplesofHawthorne'swork

B.thekeytosolveitsmystery

C.commonamongHawthorne'scontemporaries

D.uniquetothenovel

58.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Theconceptofculturehasbeendefinedmanytimes,andalthoughnodefinitionhasachieveduniversalacceptance,mostofthedefinitionsincludethreecentralideas:thatcultureispassedonfromgenerationtogeneration,thataculturerepresentsaready-madeprescriptionforlivingandformakingday-to-daydecisions,and,finally,thatthecomponentsofacultureareacceptedbythoseinthecultureasgood,andtrue,andnottobequestioned.TheeminentanthropologistGeorgeMurdockhaslistedseventy-threeitemsthatcharacterizeeveryknownculture,pastandpresent.ThelistbeginswithAge-gradingandAthleticsports,runstoWeaningandWeatherControl,andincludesonthewaysuchitemsasCalendar,Firemaking,PropertyRights,andToolmaking.Iwouldsubmitthateventhemostextremeadvocateofacultureofpovertyviewpointwouldreadilyacknowledgethat,withrespecttoalmostalloftheseitems,everyAmerican,beyondthefirstgenerationimmigrant,regardlessofraceorclass,isamemberofacommonculture.Weallshareprettymuchthesamesports.Maybepoorkidsdon'tknowhowtoplaypolo,andrichkidsdon'tspendtimewithstickball,butweallknowbaseball,andfootball,andbasketball.Despitesomemisguidedeffortstoraiseminordialectstothestatusofseparatetongues,weall,infact,sharethesamelanguage.Theremaybedifferencesindictionandusage,butitwouldberidiculoustosaythatallAmericansdon'tspeakEnglish.Wehavethecalendar,thelaw,andlargenumbersofotherculturalitemsincommon.Itmaywellbetruethatonafewoftheseventy-threeitemsthereareminorvariationsbetweenclasses,butthesekindsofthingsarereallyslightvariationsonacommontheme.Thereareotheritemsthatshowvariability,notinrelationtoclass,butinrelationtoreligionandethnicbackground—funeralcustomsandcooking,forexample.ButifthereisoneplaceinAmericawherethemeltingpotisareality,itisonthekitchenstove;inthccourseofonemonth,halfthereadersofthissentencehaveprobablyeatenpizza,hotpastrami,andchowmein.SpecificdifferencesthatmightbeidentifiedassignsofseparateculturalidentityarerelativelyinsignificantwithinthegeneralunityofAmericanlife;theyareculturalcommasandsemicolonsintheparagraphsandpagesofAmericanlife.

Accordingtotheauthor'sdefinitionofculture,

A.acultureshouldbeacceptedandmaintaineduniversally

B.acultureshouldbefreefromfalsehoodandevils

C.theitemsofacultureshouldbetakenforgrantedbypeople

D.theitemsofacultureshouldbeacceptedbywell-educatedpeople

59.

WhataspectoftheBasicEnglishisevidentinthelastparagraph?

60.

InwhatwayarmedrobberiesareAmericanizedinBritain?

A.Handgunsinsteadofshotgunsareusedinarmedrobberies.

B.Conveniencestoresbecomethetargetsatnightandthecriminalsarenotprofessional.

C.BritishpolicefinditisverydifficulttocrackthecrimeasAmericanpolice.

D.ThereisasharpriseofrobberiescommittedbyAmericansinBritain.

四、5.ErrorCorrection(5題)61.

【S6】

62.

【S9】

63.

【S3】

64.

【S4】

65.

【S7】

五、6.Translation(5題)66.Shecookedthemeatforalongtime______(以使它吃起來(lái)很嫩)．

67.Shewillsoonfindoutthatreallife____________________(很少會(huì)像廣告描述的那樣簡(jiǎn)單).

68.Igetalongbetterwithothers__________(既然我已消除了內(nèi)疚).

69.Awayfromtheirprofession,_____________________(科學(xué)家并不天生就比其他人更講道德).

70.IfAlberthadn'tcalledthefirebrigade,______(所有一切就會(huì)毀掉了).

參考答案

1.B解析：本題可從選項(xiàng)人手，看看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在SamWalton這個(gè)人名附近有提及，這樣一來(lái)就可以確定選項(xiàng)B為本題答案，其他選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有在原文提及。

2.socialandeconomiccostsocialandeconomiccost解析：根據(jù)第十段第三句話“Ithinkthegovernmenthasaresponsibilitytolookatthefullsocialandeconomiccostofrelationshipfragility．”可知，人們呼吁政府承擔(dān)責(zé)任，弄清家庭危機(jī)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)所產(chǎn)生的影響。故“socialandeconomiccost”是正確答案。

3.avoidavoid解析：詞匯理解題?！皐ardoff”的意思為“避開(kāi)”。A)avoid(避免)；B)care(治愈)：C)delay(延遲)；D)reduce(減少)。在語(yǔ)義上，答案A最接近。

4.B解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。根據(jù)原文可知，為了保持與退休前同等水平的生活，你只需花以前花費(fèi)的80%，而節(jié)省下20%，即工作開(kāi)銷的那筆錢。由此可知B為答案。

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