英語學法指導與基礎訓練

高三英語學法指導與基礎訓練(一)

一、談談閱讀理解

閱讀是高考的重點和難點。閱讀理解在高考試卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空題（有人稱之為缺詞閱讀）30分，那就是70分，占了將近總分的一半。高考之所以重視閱讀理解，是因為閱讀是一種比較高級的語言能力，它是獲取更綜合、更復雜、更精確信息的必要手段。閱讀能力也是做好其他題型，如聽力、單項填空、短文改錯和書面表達的基本因素。閱讀理解的考核是在語篇中進行的，也易于考查觀察、判斷、推理與綜合的能力。

閱讀理解題一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新聞報道、議論文和應用文（如廣告、產(chǎn)品說明、電報等）。五篇文章加上所問問題，總單詞量在2000個左右，要求在35分鐘內(nèi)完成。閱讀速度平均為每分鐘60個詞。

做好閱讀理解題的必備條件：

1、能迅速看準每一句的結構，找出主句的主語、謂語和賓語。

2、有一定的詞匯量和分辨詞義詞性的能力。

3、能靈活運用所學過的語法和詞匯知識，對影響意思理解的復合句、非謂語動詞短語、關聯(lián)詞語、后置定語、省略、替代和跳躍等語言現(xiàn)象做出正確判斷。

4、有良好的思維能力。會邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而做出正確的推理判斷，綜合概括，準確理解表面意思和深層含義。

5、會精讀，也會跳讀和略讀。

6、具有相當?shù)拈喿x實踐經(jīng)驗和良好的語感。

7、對英美文化有一定了解。

在準備閱讀理解測試時，要明確閱讀的能力是靠大量閱讀的實踐練出來的。有志于提高閱讀水平的同學，應該每天堅持讀三四篇文章，日積月累，才能逐步提高閱讀水平。讀的時候要注意精讀與泛讀相結合。精讀的文章力求弄懂每一句話，每一個詞，必要時要請教老師，翻查詞典。泛讀的文章，一般是難度較小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些詞甚至句子不懂也沒關系，盡量不查詞典，這樣可以保證一定的速度和量。泛讀對培養(yǎng)語感，提高速度有很大好處?？上в型瑢W不重視泛讀，以為閱讀就是逐字讀，這其實是片面的。

二、練習與解析（1）In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplores（探險者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople”expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,”theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?”

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The“Chunnel”,atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan’sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystems,called“AliceCities.”Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome（太陽能穹頂）wouldcoverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.H.G.Wells’“moonpeople”wouldagree.Wouldyou?

1.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells’storyweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople”

________.

A.knewsomuchabouttheearth

B.understoodtheirlanguage

C.liveinsomanyundergroundcities

D.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”(Paragraph2)referto?

A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspace.

B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspace.

C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.

D.Travelingtoouterspace.

3.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?

A.Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.

B.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.

C.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.

D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities—citiesofthefuture

B.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.Enjoylivingunderground

D.Buildingdown,notup

1.C2.B3.B4.D

1.解答本題時，可從開頭段中theexplorers登上月球后的發(fā)現(xiàn)找出線索：…theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities，也就是本題題干與選項C結合而成的說法：Theexplorers…tofindthatthe“moonpeople”livedinsomanyundergroundcities。

2.注意此句重心在后，強調(diào)的是：…youdon’tevenuseyourinnerspace，也即選項B所說的Usingtheearth’sinnerspace。

3.通過跳讀迅速將探索范圍縮小到第3段，其主題句即為Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace，然后列出這些systems的名稱：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnel。（2）LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（農(nóng)藥）,andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported（進口）tomeetgrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfastgrowingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

1.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause_______.

A.theyaregettingricher

B.theycangetthefoodanywhere

C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution

D.theylikehome-grownfruit

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesold

inBritain?

A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.

B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.

C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.

D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.

3.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?

B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain

C.Organicfood—toimportornot?

D.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood

1.C2.B3.A4.A

1.Gold的話代表了英國消費者的認識，“…Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是：theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution.

2.短文中與MostorganicproducesoldinBritain產(chǎn)地相關的內(nèi)容，排除干擾選項，選定最佳答案。

3.本題四個選項中均包含organicfood（與主題相關，錯誤選項因而會構成干擾），但從所在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主語是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers，越來越多的人開始購買這種食品，當然意味著(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfood。選項A表達的正是這樣一種形勢，應為最佳答案。

4.Organicfood---healthy（雖與人們所知有些出入，但大體如此）；orjustforthewealthy?短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce，與此相符。（3）THEATRE

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HalifaxPlayhouse

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Oct1–17TheSecretDiaryofAdrianMole,Aged13.SueTownsend’smusicalplay,basedonherbest-sellingbook.

Performances:Evenings7:45.October10–17,at2:30pm.NoMondayperformances.

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