測量學(xué)課后練習(xí)題計(jì)算答案

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——測量學(xué)課后練習(xí)題計(jì)算答案第一章緒論

7、某點(diǎn)的經(jīng)度為118°45′，試計(jì)算它所在6°帶及3°帶的帶號(hào)，以及中央子午線的經(jīng)度是多少？

答：N=INT(118°45′/6+1)=20L=20*6-3=117°n=INT(118°45′/3+1)=40l=40*3=120°

其次章水準(zhǔn)測量

1、設(shè)A為后視點(diǎn)，B為前視點(diǎn)；A點(diǎn)高程是20.016m。當(dāng)后視讀數(shù)為1.124m，前視讀數(shù)為1.428m，問A、B兩點(diǎn)高差是多少？B點(diǎn)比A點(diǎn)高還是低？B點(diǎn)的高程是多少？并繪圖說明。

答：hAB?1.124?1.428??0.304mHB?20.016?0.304?19.712mB點(diǎn)比A點(diǎn)低7、調(diào)整表2-3中附合路線等外水準(zhǔn)測量觀測成果，并求出各點(diǎn)的高程。

hAB?61.819?57.967?3.852m?hAB?4.363?2.413?3.121?1.263?2.716-3.715?3.919mfh?3.919?3.852?0.067mfh??127?3?4?5?6?8??68mmH1?HA?h1?v1?57.967?4.363?H2?H1?h2?v2H3?H2?h3?v3H4?H3?h4?v4H5?H4?h5?v5H6?H5?h6?v6?0.067?7?62.316m33?0.067?62.316?2.413??3?64.723m33?0.067?64.723?3.121??4?61.594m33?0.067?61.594?1.263??5?62.847m33?0.067?62.847?2.716??6?65.551m33?0.067?65.551?3.715??8?61.820m338、調(diào)整圖2-40所示的閉合水準(zhǔn)路線的觀測成果，并求出各點(diǎn)的高程。

fh??h?1.224-1.424?1.781-1.714?0.108?-0.025mmfh??1210?8?8?11?12??84mmfh?fh,0.025?10?45.559m490.025H2?H1?h2?v2?45.559?1.424??8?44.139m

490.025H3?H2?h3?v3?44.139?1.781??8?45.924m490.025H4?H3?h4?v4?45.924?1.714??11?44.216m490.025H10?H4?h5?v5?44.216?0.108??12?44.330m49H1?H10?h1?v1?44.330?1.224?10、設(shè)A、B兩點(diǎn)相距80m，水準(zhǔn)儀安置于中點(diǎn)C，測得A點(diǎn)尺上讀數(shù)a1=1.321m，B點(diǎn)尺上的讀數(shù)b1=1.117m；

儀器搬至B點(diǎn)附近，又測得B點(diǎn)尺上的讀數(shù)b2=1.466m，A點(diǎn)尺上讀數(shù)a2=1.695m。試問該儀器水準(zhǔn)管軸是否平行于視準(zhǔn)軸？如不平行，應(yīng)如何校正？

hab?1.321?1.117?0.204m??1.695?1.466?0.229mhab

??habhab??1.466?0.204?1.670ma2水準(zhǔn)管軸和視準(zhǔn)軸不平行。校正方法：調(diào)理微傾螺旋使讀數(shù)為1.670m,調(diào)理管水準(zhǔn)器一端的調(diào)理螺旋使水準(zhǔn)管氣泡居中。

第三章角度測量

5、整理表3-5測回法觀測水平角的記錄手簿。

水平角觀測記錄(測回法)測站盤位目標(biāo)左O右ABAB讀數(shù)00200120182418002063001806半測回角值120162412016121201600平均角值備注24″6、已知交點(diǎn)的里程樁號(hào)為K4+300.18，測得轉(zhuǎn)角α左=17°30′，圓曲線半徑R=500m，若采用切線支距法并按整樁號(hào)法設(shè)樁，試計(jì)算各樁坐標(biāo)。并說明測設(shè)步驟。

17o30?T?Rtan?500?tan?76.957m22?L?R????152.716m180?17o30?E?R(sec?1)?500?(sec?1)?5.888m22D?2T?L?1.198m180ZY?JD?T?K4?223.22YZ?ZY?L?K4?375.94QZ?ZY?L?K4?299.582DJD?QZ??K4?300.182各樁至ZY或YZ的樁號(hào)曲線長度（li）016.7836.7856.7875.9455.9435.9415.940圓心角（?i）0°00′00″1°55′22″4°12′53″6°30′23″8°42′08″6°24′37″4°07′06″1°49′36″0°00′00″??500?17o30???切線支距法計(jì)算表表11-5xi（m）016.7836.7556.6675.6555.8235.9115.940yi（m）00.281.353.225.763.131.290.250ZYK4+223.22+240+260+280QZK4+299.58+300+320+340+360YZK4+375.94

7、已知交點(diǎn)的里程樁號(hào)為K10+110.88，測得轉(zhuǎn)角α左=24°18′，圓曲線半徑R=400m，若采用偏角法按整樁號(hào)法設(shè)樁，試計(jì)算各樁的偏角和弦長（要求前半曲線由曲線起點(diǎn)測設(shè)，后半曲線由曲線終點(diǎn)測設(shè)），并說明測設(shè)步驟。

解：①計(jì)算圓曲線測設(shè)元素

T?RtanL?R??2?400tan24?18??86.12(m)2?180180?24?18??????E?R?sec?1??400??sec?1??9.16(m)

22????D?2T?L?2?86.12?169.65?2.59(m)

?400?24?18????169.65(m)

②計(jì)算主點(diǎn)樁里程

JD-）T

ZY+)L

YZ-)L/2

QZ+)D/2JD

K10+110.88

86.12K10+024.76

169.65K10+194.41

84.825K10+109.585

1.285（校核）K10+110.88（計(jì)算無誤）

偏角法計(jì)算表各樁至ZY或樁號(hào)YZ的曲線長度li（m）ZYK10+024.76+040+060+080+100QZK10+109.585+120+140+160+180YZK10+194.41015.2435.2455.2475.2474.4154.4134.4114.410偏角值偏角讀數(shù)相鄰樁間弧長（m）015.2420202020202014.410相鄰樁間弦長（m）015.2420202020202014.410°′″°′″000001052923126357235231951945353492275210155000000000010529231263572352319354401535606113573208358580500000

8、什么是正撥？什么是反撥？假使某樁點(diǎn)的偏角值為3°18′24″，在反撥的狀況下，要使該樁點(diǎn)方向的水平度盤讀數(shù)為3°18′24″，在瞄準(zhǔn)切線方向時(shí)，度盤讀數(shù)應(yīng)配置在多少？

答：由于經(jīng)緯儀水平度盤的注字是順時(shí)針方向增加的，因此測設(shè)曲線時(shí)，假使偏角的增加方向與水平度盤一致，也是順時(shí)針方向增加，稱為正撥；反之稱為反撥。對(duì)于右轉(zhuǎn)角（本例為右轉(zhuǎn)角），儀器置于ZY點(diǎn)上測設(shè)曲線為正撥，置于YZ點(diǎn)上則為反撥。度盤讀數(shù)應(yīng)配置為6°36′48″10、什么是復(fù)曲線？如圖11-23復(fù)曲線，設(shè)α1=30°12′，α2=32°18′，AB=387.62m，主曲線半徑R2=300m。試計(jì)算復(fù)曲線的測設(shè)元素。

答：復(fù)曲線是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同半徑的同向曲線相連而成的曲線。

32o18?AB?R2tan387.62?300tan2?2?1114.61mR2?o?3012?tan1tan22?213、已知交點(diǎn)的里程樁號(hào)為K21+476.21，轉(zhuǎn)角α右=37°16′，圓曲線半徑R=300m，緩和曲線長ls=60m，試計(jì)算該曲線的測設(shè)元素、主點(diǎn)里程，并說明主點(diǎn)的測設(shè)方法。

ls2602p???0.524R24?300解：

33lsls6060q?????29.99222240R2240?300?0?ls180?60180?????5o43?46??2R?2?300?3603ls?60??59.94x0?ls?2240R40?30022l60y0?s??2.006R6?30037o16?TH?(R?p)tan?q?(300?0.5)tan?29.99?131.31m22?LH?R(??2?0)LY?R(??2?0)?180??2ls?300?(37o16??2?5o43?46??)?300?(37o16??2?5o43?46??)?180??2?60?255.13m

?180??180??135.13m37o16?EH?(R?p)sec?R?(300?0.5)sec?300?17.12m22DH?2TH?LH?2?131.31?255.13?7.49m?ZH?JD?TH?K21?476.21?131.31?K21?344.90HY?ZH?ls?K21?344.90?60?K21?404.90YH?HY?LY?K21?404.90?135.13?K21?540.03HZ?YH?ls?K21?540.03?60?K21?600.03QZ?HZ?LH?K21?600.03?255.13/2?K21?472.4652DJD?QZ?H?K21?472.465?7.49/2?K21?476.212

14、第13題在釘出主點(diǎn)后，若采用切線支距法按整樁號(hào)詳細(xì)測設(shè)，試計(jì)算各樁坐標(biāo)。切線支距法計(jì)算表樁號(hào)各樁至ZH（HY）或HZ的曲線長度li（m）圓心角值°′″015.1035.1055.1060x（m）y（m）ZHK21+344.90K21+360K21+380K21+400HYK21+404.90015.1035.09655.06159.9400.0320.4001.5492.00K21+420K21+440K21+460QZK21+472.465K21+480K21+500K21+520K21+540YHK21+540.03K21+560K21+580K21+600HZK21+600.0315.1035.1055.1060.0340.0320.030.036040.0320.030.03083648122559161510171140132229933185440774.92094.580113.953118.67499.38579.78859.96959.9440.02220.0300.0303.8847.53612.48913.9088.6364.6622.0022.000.5940.0740015、第13題在釘出主點(diǎn)后，若采用偏角法按整號(hào)詳細(xì)測設(shè)，試計(jì)算測設(shè)所需要的數(shù)據(jù)。

偏角法計(jì)算表樁號(hào)ZHK21+344.90K21+360K21+380K21+400HYK21+404.90K21+420K21+440K21+460QZK21+472.465K21+480K21+500K21+520K21+540YHK21+540.03K21+560K21+580K21+600HZK21+600.03x（m）015.1035.09655.06159.9474.92094.580113.953118.67499.38579.78859.96959.9440.02220.0300.030y（m）00.0320.4001.5492.003.8847.53612.48913.9088.6364.6622.0022.000.5940.07400δ000717039111364115440258044332061516641034575832038154431544005101012420C015.1035.1055.08359.9775.0294.88114.63119.4999.7679.9260.0059.9740.0320.030.0316、第14題在算出各樁坐標(biāo)后，前半曲線計(jì)劃改用極坐標(biāo)法測設(shè)。在曲線附近選一轉(zhuǎn)

點(diǎn)ZD，將儀器置于ZH點(diǎn)上，測得ZH點(diǎn)至ZD的距離S=15.670m，切線正向順時(shí)針與S直線的夾角α=15°10′12″。試計(jì)算各樁的測設(shè)角度和距離。

由題可知，ZD在以ZH點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn)的相對(duì)坐標(biāo)系中的坐標(biāo)為：XZD=Ssinα=4.101YZD=Scosα=15.124前半曲線各樁在上述相對(duì)坐標(biāo)系中的坐標(biāo)在第13題中已知，則以ZD為測站點(diǎn)，以ZH為后視點(diǎn)，可以計(jì)算出各樁與S順時(shí)針夾角和距離：樁號(hào)（部分）K20+555.018（ZH）K20+600K20+615.018（HY）K20+700K20+800K20+900K20+957.693（QZ）測設(shè)角