關(guān)于消化系統(tǒng)的英文

TheDigestiveSystem

(alsocalledthegastrointestinaloralimentarycanal)

現(xiàn)在是1頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三TheprimaryfunctionsIngestionDigestionAbsorptionEliminationIntroductionAnatomically,thedigestivesystemconsistofa30-footlong,mucousmembrane-linedtubebeginningwithmouthandendingwiththeanus現(xiàn)在是2頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三ThedigestivesystemMouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmallintestineLargeintestineLiverGallbladderPancreasAccessoryorgansofthedigestivesystem現(xiàn)在是3頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是4頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三TheoralcavityTheteethThetongueThepalateChewingandswallowingTheteethareusedtocut,tearandcrushfoodintosmallerpieces.Eachtoothconsistsofpulp,cementumandenamel.Theteethareclassifiedincisors,cuspidsandmolars.Thetonguemanipulatesfoodinthemouthduringmasticationanddeglutition.Thepalatethehardplateandthesoftplate(theuvulahangingfromthesoftplate)現(xiàn)在是5頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是6頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是7頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Thepharynxorthroat,isalongmusculartubethatservesasapassagewayforfoodfromthemouthtotheesophagusandasapasswayforairfromnosetothewindpipe.Theesophagusisalongmusculartubeextendingfromthepharynxtothestomach.Foodispropelledbyrhythmiccontractionsofmusclesinthewalloftheesophagus.Thisprocessiscalledperistalsis.現(xiàn)在是8頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三ThestomachItiscomposedofanupperportioncalledfundus,amiddlesectionknownasthebodyandalowerportion,calledtheantrum.

Thecardiacsphincterrelaxesandcontractstomovefoodfromtheesophagusintothestomach,whereasthepyloricsphincterallowsfoodtoleavethestomachwhenitsufficientlydigested.

Asthestomachfills,therugaeunfolded,exposingthedigestiveglandsandstimulatingthemtosecretdigestiveenzymesandhydrochloricacid.Thesesubstanceshelptransformfoodpresenttoasemifluidsubstance.現(xiàn)在是9頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是10頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Thesmallintestineistheregionofthegutwherenearlyallofthechemicaldigestionofthenutritioncomponentsoffoodtakeplace.Itdividedinto3sections:1)theduodenum2)thejejunum3)theileumInthewalloftheentiresmallintestinearemillionsofvilli.Itisthroughthecapillariesinthevillithatcompletelydigestednutrientspassintothebloodstreamandlymphvessels.現(xiàn)在是11頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Thelargeintestineisdividedinto4parts:cecum,colon,sigmoidcolon,andrectum.

Thececumisconnectedtothesmallintestinebytheileocecalvalve.Thecolonhas3divisions:theascendingcolon,thetransversecolon,thesigmoidcolon.Asfluidwastefromthesmallintestinepassthroughvarioussectionsofthecolon,waterisreabsorbedintobody.Therectumservesasareservoirforfeces.現(xiàn)在是12頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是13頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Theliver:locatedintheupperrightquadrantofabdomen,producesbile.Besidesproducingbile,ithasseveralothervitalfunctions.Itmanufacturesbloodproteins,destorysolderythrocytesandreleasesbilirubin,removespoisons(detoxification）fromtheblood,storesandreleasesglycogenneededbythebody.現(xiàn)在是14頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是15頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Thegallbladder：apear-shapedsacbehindthelowerportionoftheliver,storesbile,whichiscontinuouslysecretedbythehepaticcellsbetweenmeals.現(xiàn)在是16頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是17頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期三Thepancreas:behindthestomach,manufacturesdigestivejuicecontainingenzyme(amylaseandli