2017五夜十篇精講及隨堂筆記

第十篇教Text1.1)TheHeartoftheMatter,”deservespraise作者/forThereportaffirmstheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciences/totheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.thejust–releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandsciences（AAAS，2.1)Regrettably，however，thereport’sfailuremaycausemoreharmthangood2)failuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisis/facingliberalAccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’s2.1)Regrettably，however，thereport’sfailuremaycausemoreharmthangood2)failuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisis/facingliberal二1.1)In2010，leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheaskingthatAAASidentifyactionscouldbetakenby“A”to“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.”4）A=federal，stateandlocal individualbenefactorandothersInresponse,theAmericanAcademyAAASformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialScience.Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutivesaswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Influentialfiguresinthecongress/requiredthattheAAASreportonhowto“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipand ernment’srolein［D］keepaleadingpositioninliberalliberaleducation=humanitiesandsocial三1.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerally1)Becauserepresentativeernment(代議制政府) presupposesaninformedApresupposesBinformed2)thereportsupportsfulllicy;()stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericanernment;andtheuseofnewdigitalToencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecrafting制定ofcoherentcurricula/thatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday. Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.線(xiàn)索句線(xiàn)索句 有資格和選 的句子Accordingtoparagraph3,thereport （選項(xiàng)定位［A］anexclusivestudyofAmerican［B］agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.［C］theapplicationofemerging.theuseofnewdigital.［D］fundingforthestudyofforeign（給四.1.Unfortunay,despite2.5yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthemattertheilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.（句加強(qiáng)版！詳盡版！豪華版！尊貴版ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduates/whodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.(沒(méi)法體會(huì)其好處！)Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenrecedbyA=theuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Propaganda：宣傳工具五.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberal-such marketsandself-reliance--asfallingoutsidetheboundariesof（investigation）,andsometimes（fallingoutsidetheboundariesof）legitimate,inlectual句子簡(jiǎn)化ProfessorsroutinelytreatAasA=theprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublic（支持Bthepropersubjectofstudy（正評(píng)價(jià)詞）while但是professorsportrayCasC=conservativeorclassicalliberalideas--suchas CD=fallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,in ACBDtreat=portrayview=deem=seeaccepttakeregard=認(rèn)為…as是Theauthorimpliesinparagraph5thatprofessors［A］supportive ［B］conservativeaboutpublic［C］biasedagainstclassicalliberal［D］cautiousabout lectual先做性質(zhì)判斷，在做程度判斷六.TheAAASdisysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］WaystoGrasp“TheHeartofthe［B］IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartofthe vs.LiberalLiberalEducation=liberalart 哲學(xué)，文學(xué)，歷史學(xué)，社會(huì)學(xué) “無(wú)用之學(xué)MBA，會(huì)計(jì)，工程，…..“有用之Pragmatic第十篇文章①“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust–releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandsciences（AAAS），deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAAAS最近發(fā)布了一份名為“問(wèn)題的”的報(bào)告，這份報(bào)告再次確認(rèn)了人文和②Regrettably，however，thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.處可能會(huì)大于其帶來(lái)的好處①I(mǎi)n2010，leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssent theaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby“federal，stateandlocalernment，universities，foundations，educators，individualbenefactorandothers”to“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.”2010年，議會(huì)中處于領(lǐng)軍地位的黨和議員給AAAS寫(xiě)了，要求其能確定一些行為，這些行為能被“，各州，當(dāng)?shù)?，大學(xué)，，教育家，捐贈(zèng)者和其他人”共同采納以維持在人文科學(xué)，社會(huì)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金以及教育方面的領(lǐng)先地位。②Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialScience.作為回應(yīng) 組建了在人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)方面的③Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutivesaswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.中的51個(gè)成員包括，頂級(jí)大學(xué)的大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)，學(xué)者，以及公司高管，同時(shí)還包括，，音樂(lè)和方面的杰出。①Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerally報(bào)告所確立的目標(biāo)令人欽佩②Becauserepresentativeernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfulllicy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericanernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigital.③Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.為了鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，報(bào)告號(hào)召在研究中增加投資，制定連貫的課程大綱以提高學(xué)生21世紀(jì)有效解決問(wèn)題和溝通的能力。增加在師資上的投入，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)者將他們的研究應(yīng)用于應(yīng)對(duì)每天大的。④Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.①Unfortunay,despite2.5yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.不幸的是，盡管花了兩年半才做出這個(gè)計(jì)劃，“問(wèn)題的”這份報(bào)告從來(lái)就沒(méi)有觸及到問(wèn)題的：我們頂級(jí)高校中“自由教育（素質(zhì)教育）中不自由的本質(zhì)”.②ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.忽略了，近幾十年來(lái)，高校培養(yǎng)的畢業(yè)生并不知道素質(zhì)教育的內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而被了素質(zhì)教育的好處。③Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenrecedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberal①Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberal-suchasmarketsandself-reliance--asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,inlectualinvestigation.今天的教授們通常會(huì)把對(duì)于歷史的進(jìn)步的解讀已經(jīng)漸進(jìn)的公共政策作為恰當(dāng)?shù)难芯竣賂heAAASdis ysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.AAAS在自由 ②YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofchallengethatCongressaskeditto但是，其報(bào)告掩蓋了國(guó)會(huì)要求展現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題的深度和廣度，進(jìn)而阻礙了的進(jìn)行AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sInfluentialfiguresinthecongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhow ernment’srolein［D］keepaleadingpositioninliberalAccordingtoparagraph3,thereport［A］anexclusivestudyofAmerican［B］agreateremphasisontheoretical［C］theapplicationofemerging［D］fundingforthestudyofforeignTheauthorimpliesinparagraph5thatprofessors［A］supportive ［B］conservativeaboutpublic［C］biasedagainstclassicalliberalWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］WaystoGrasp“TheHeartofthe［B］IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartofthe［D］Progressivevs.Liberal第七篇文一.1.Themostthoroughlystudiedinlectualsinthehistoryofthenewworld（）aretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.1）AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmerican2）nowhereelseincolonialAmerica＝只有在新英格蘭／Somuchimportancewasattachedtoinlectualpursuits."andpreoccupations(優(yōu)先地位)ofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericaninlectual作者不明確的觀(guān)點(diǎn)=作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)=作者支持的觀(guān)Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNew ［A］Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife Somuchimportancewasattachedtoinlectual lectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberal二1.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch()—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.（創(chuàng)新之人?。?.Butinkeewith（與…一致）ourexaminationofsoutherninlectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.（作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)（歐洲文化！）3.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.(文化！)widelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity=EuropeanThemillionsareawakeenoughforphysicallabor;butonlyoneinamillionisawakeenoughforeffectivein lectualexertion,onlyoneinahundredmillionstoapoeticordivinelife.civilityandItissuggestedinparagraph2thatNew ［A］experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.［B］broughtthecultureoftheOldWorldwithwemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldthecultureoftheOldWorld=European［C］paidlittleattentiontosouthern lectual ［D］wereobsessed（NG）withreligious三.1)TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofinlectualearnestness（求知若渴的氛圍?。?TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay Thesemen=learnedministersand［A］werefamousintheNewWorld/fortheir強(qiáng)加因果［C］abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNew［D］createdanew lectualatmosphereinNewgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereof 四1.Weshouldnotforget,howeverthatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswell1）Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftli compositionstobeyzed，2）itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfully While置于句首=置于居中=TheirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsAtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEngland/thatisfilledwithsigns.（征兆）5.1）ualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemoment2）whenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehis andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."1)OnewhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexiningthethatheheardinpuritanThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswere 例子所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀(guān)［A］influencedby［C］puzzledbychurch五. asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion. "Ourmainend(goal)wastocatchfish.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNew 歸納不推理［A］weremostlyengagedinpolitical［B］weremotivatedbyanillusory［C］camefromdifferent［D］leftfewformalrecordsforlaterandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.3)Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,第七篇文①Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.②A(yíng)ccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportantattachedtoinlectualpursuits."preoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericaninlectuallife.①TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch——importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.②Butinkeewithourexaminationofsoutherninlectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.③TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.①TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationinfluencein②BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.③Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofinlectualearnestness.①Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswell但是我們記了，大多數(shù)的新英格蘭人并沒(méi)有受過(guò)良好的教育②Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlirycompositionstobeyzed，itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyinlectualized.（更不用說(shuō)佃戶(hù)和仆人了）但他們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)明顯不夠理性。 他們的思想往往帶有傳統(tǒng) 色彩③ 他們的思想往往帶有傳統(tǒng) 色彩④AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.一位名叫JohnDane的裁縫，他在1630年代到了，他留下的關(guān)于離開(kāi)英格蘭⑤ualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."性的困惑，經(jīng)濟(jì)的挫折和的希望，所有這一切就在這樣一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻一下子涌⑥OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexiningtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurched.人們會(huì)納悶 在清教教堂里聽(tīng)到那些精心詮釋的解釋的文時(shí)作何感想①M(fèi)eanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion.聊天的時(shí)候，遇到一個(gè)，這個(gè)人就戲謔的說(shuō)，我們來(lái)這里就不是為了信教而來(lái)的。②"Ourmainendwastocatchfish.我們的目標(biāo)就是去捕魚(yú)的Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNew lectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalItissuggestedinparagraph2thatNew ［B］broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOld［C］paidlittleattentiontosouthern lectual［D］wereobsessedwithreligiousTheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusetts ［A］werefamousintheNewWorldfortheir［C］abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNew［D］createdanew lectualatmosphereinNewThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswere ［A］influencedby［C］puzzledbychurchThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNew ［A］weremostlyengagedinpolitical［B］weremotivatedbyanillusory［C］camefromdifferent［D］leftfewformalrecordsforlaterThemillionsareawakeenoughforphysicallabor;butonlyoneinamillionisawakeenoughforeffectivein lectualexertion,onlyoneinahundredmillionstoapoeticordivinelife.2010年第一.一.1.1）Ofallthechanges／thathavetakenceinEnglish-language／duringthepastquarter-）perhapsthemostfar-reaching（ｃｈａｎｇｅ）hasbeentheinexorable（不可避免的）declineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirarts二.1Itistoimagineatothepointofimpossibility1=veryfortheaveragereaderundertheageofforty5)whenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.（我們很難想象那樣一個(gè)時(shí)代）Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedin（包含）largepartofnewspaperreviews.（但是那樣的時(shí)代確實(shí)存在！）1)Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefact2)thattheirlearnedcontents學(xué)術(shù)的內(nèi)容)wereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymorearts1）theinexorable（不可避免的）declineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.2）whenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-cityhigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismonmarvelattheWeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearningli