施工組織設(shè)計(jì)英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

/Construction

of

the

Project

Management

of

the

importance

of

organization

design

Abstract:

The

construction

organization

is

a

construction

project

and

guide

the

importanttechnical

and

economic

documents.

Can

regulate

the

construction

workers,

machinery,

raw

materials,

environment,

technology,

equipment,

construction,

installation,

management,

production

and

other

conflicts,

to

supervise

the

construction

and

control

of

organizational

design

in

order

to

ensure

scientific

and

rational

project

high-quality,

low

cost,

less

the

completion

of

energy.

Keywords:

project

management;

construction

organization;

design;

importance

Construction

design

and

project

construction

is

an

important

document

guiding

construction,

construction

enterprises

are

able

to

high-quality,

high

speed,

low

cost,

low

consumption

of

completed

building

projects

to

ensure

effective

measures,

but

also

strengthen

the

management,

the

importance

of

improving

economic

efficiency

means,

is

also

properly

handle

the

construction

workers,

machinery,

raw

materials,

methods,

environment

and

technology

and

equipment,

civil

works

and

installation

of

collaboration,

consumption

and

supply,

management

and

production

and

other

kinds

of

contradictions,

scientific

and

rational,

planned

and

orderly

,

the

equilibrium

organization

of

production

and

an

important

guarantee

for

project

construction.

With

the

establishment

of

socialist

market

economy,

an

increasingly

competitive

construction

market,

the

objective

situation

of

construction

enterprises

have

become

increasingly

demanding,

not

only

in

technology

and

equipment,

personnel

quality,

the

construction

put

forward

higher

requirements

of

the

organizers,

and

engineering

economic

management

Pre-settlement

work

in

the

project

is

also

facing

new

challenges.

Strict

construction

market

situation,

some

construction

companies

are

not

actively

taken

measures,

professional

and

technical

staff

is

not

updated,

training,

science

and

technology

management

level

is

very

backward,

with

the

preparation

of

construction

design

review

did

not

attract

enough

attention,

so

there

will

be

the

following

common

situations:

(1)

audit

is

not

compiled

before

the

start

of

construction

organization

design:

not

to

pursue

the

construction

of

floor

plans,

materials,

cluttered,

moving

out

of

import

of

machinery

and

equipment,

unplanned

demand

for

labor,

quality,

security,

construction

without

assurance

measures,

resulting

in

nest

Workers

serious

waste

management

lower.

(2)

whether

it

is

the

preparation

of

construction

design

professionals:

In

order

to

cope

with

the

higher

authorities

and

supervisory

agencies,

Party

member

or

check

the

information

to

the

construction

workers

on

behalf

of

the

Code

construction

design,

because

the

data

simply

do

not

know

right

now

who

is

a

leading

construction

management

recent

arrangements,

had

casually

made

up,

just

go.

(3)

the

preparation

of

the

low

level

of

construction

organization

design:

Some

construction

units,

construction

organizations

do

not

understand

the

importance

of

the

construction

process,

to

write

about

the

sub-construction

process,

draw

a

floor

plan,

schedule

progress,

it

regarded

construction

organization

design.

(4)

to

abandon

technology

economy:

a

considerable

number

of

construction

enterprises

in

the

preparation

of

construction

organization

design,

construction

organization

which

only

concerned

the

various

sub-project

of

the

technical

measures,

without

considering

the

sub-project

aspects

of

economic

indicators,

leading

to

the

completion

of

settlement

disputes

about

economic

loss.

[Example

1]

in

a

district

of

Nanning

City,

the

life

of

a

dormitory

building

to

be

a

form

of

water

renovation

project,

but

because

the

dormitory

was

built

in

the

eighties,

has

been

twenty

years,

the

owners

between

buildings

without

authorization

of

their

own

debris

occupied

the

public

space

of

normal

channels,

resulting

in

too

narrow

passage

between

two

buildings,

traffic

problems,

so

the

resulting

need

for

manual

handling

of

construction

materials

to

construction

sites,

construction

materials

are

stated

not

to

enter

the

venue

and

request

for

additional

materials

secondary

transportation

fee,

Party

A

will

not

sign

recognition,

resulting

in

economic

losses.

If

the

construction

units

in

the

field

before

the

start

of

the

investigation,

carefully

review

the

preparation

of

construction

design

and

engineering

contract

be

described

in

the

notes,

you

can

reduce

unnecessary

trouble.

[Example

2]

of

a

residential

building

project

excavation,

construction

site

is

not

large,

the

construction

unit

construction

with

construction

design,

but

no

earth

survey

program,

no

excavation

of

the

slope

coefficient

of

discharge,

nor

the

accumulation

of

pre-construction

earthwork

calculation,

the

original

machine

in

the

pit

excavation

uppercut

on

it,

because

there

is

no

construction

design

survey

on

the

ground,

resulting

in

ruptured

a

nearby

residential

building

to

the

water,

resulting

in

increased

costs

of

grading

required

to

show

there

is

no

clear

,

resulting

in

a

Jixietaiban

increase

moving

away

more,

but

also

back

when

the

backfill

backfill,

resulting

in

construction

enterprises

in

the

economy

by

the

economic

loss

in

vain.

[Example

3]

Construction

of

a

residential

building

products

business

in

the

construction

process,

when

preparing

to

start

construction

organization

is

very

simple,

even

the

template

sub-project

calculations

are

not,

in

the

basement

of

the

construction

of

the

installation

template

template

installation

height

of

5

m,

maximum

beam

for

the

600

×

1200,

thickness

250,

in

the

erection

of

experience

by

the

workers

under

their

erection,

supervision

and

acceptance

can

not

be

acceptance

of

the

results,

but

also

re-checking,

the

results

support

the

strength

of

pole

did

not

meet

the

template

requirements

of

a

full

return

to

work.

Rework

the

economic

losses

can

be

imagined.

Such

as

steel

is

now

more

fitting

to

discuss

the

situation,

the

tender

list

or

did

not

say

by

welding

sleeve,

you

said

in

the

welding

construction

organization,

it

can

talk

with

the

sleeve

construction

of

a

visa;

Earthwork

and

temporary

facilities

in

the

Shih

group

calculated

as

long

as

the

excess

of

the

quota

rules

set

paved

the

way

is

part

of

the

claim.

The

problem

is

now

that

this

file

is

isolated,

not

construction,

not

cost,

because

it

is

not

targeted.

The

above

three

examples

fully

show

that

the

construction

design

in

the

construction

process

as

well

as

pre-settlement

project

plays

an

important

role,

not

only

organized

the

construction

of

organizational

design,

guiding

production

role

in

the

objective

economic

management

has

become

a

very

important

can

not

be

ignored

component.

Construction

design

is

the

arrangement

of

a

construction

company

building

a

comprehensive

technical

and

economic

documentation

of

construction

products.

The

depth

of

the

content

of

their

preparation,

can

be

divided

into

construction

design,

construction

organization

design,

construction

design

outline

and

so

on.

Meaning:

in

order

to

process

the

entire

project

implementation

macro-control.

Complete

the

construction

of

a

sub-organization

design

should

include:

project

overview,

construction

methods,

quality

assurance

measures,

manpower

and

machinery

plan

and

guarantee

measures,

construction

of

network

diagrams,

and

bar

charts,

safety

measures,

details

of

resources,

energy

conservation

measures,

construction

period

to

ensure

measures.

Implementation

of

the

project

in

the

construction

of

the

session,

the

price

of

construction

projects

through

the

construction

drawings

to

determine

the

general

preparation

of

the

budget,

the

determination

of

the

construction

contract

price,

engineering

and

project

final

settlement

price

to

determine

price

and

other

processes.

Construction

design

of

which

is

the

main

factor

of

the

project

cost,

therefore,

project

cost

management,

construction

design

must

pay

close

attention

as

an

important

link

in

this

regard

should

address

the

following

two

aspects

of

the

relations.

Fixed

construction

budget

to

reflect

the

actual

construction

of

each

sub-part

of

the

construction

process

of

each

project

component

of

labor,

materials,

Jixietaiban

consumption

standards.

It

is

to

identify

and

control

the

construction

and

installation

cost

base;

is

to

design

technical

and

economic

comparison,

based

on

technical

and

economic

analysis;

is

the

construction

unit

based

on

the

analysis

of

economic

activities;

the

preparation

of

bidding

price,

bidding

price

of

the

base;

is

the

preparation

of

the

fixed

budget

and

estimates

based

on

indicators;

is

construction

drawing

budget,

project

contracts,

project

budget

and

project

an

important

basis

for

final

prices,

but

the

budget

is

fixed

under

normal

construction

conditions,

the

majority

of

the

construction

unit

to

the

current

level

of

machinery

and

equipment,

the

reasonable

construction

period

,

construction

technology,

labor

organizations

based

on

each

sub-part

of

the

preparation

of

the

consumption

of

the

project.

However,

construction

of

the

project

there

are

many

special

cases

in

which

sub-part

of

the

project

construction

method

is

not

necessarily

the

same

under

a

fixed

budget,

as

currently

stipulated

in

the

budget

scale,

"based

on

construction

design

OK"

and

so

on.

Such

as

"consumption

of

fixed

construction

Guangxi

Zhuang

Autonomous

Region",

the

earth

and

stone

work

on

the

manual

calculation

rules.

Trench

digging,

earthwork

grading

time

required

to

"construction

design"

shall

be

calculated,

"construction

design"

no

clearly

defined,

put

the

slope

coefficient

by

a

fixed

proportion

of

the

implementation

of

the

provisions.

Construction

projects

with

construction

design

is

closely

related

to

project

cost.

The

basic

construction

design

includes:

project

overview

and

analysis

of

construction

conditions,

construction

programs,

construction

technology,

construction

schedule,

construction

general

layout.

There

are

economic

analysis

and

construction

preparation

work

plan.

Among

them,

the

construction

program

and

construction

process

is

more

important

to

determine,

for

example:

the

choice

of

construction

machinery,

horizontal

transport

method

of

choice,

moving

the

main

structure

of

the

construction

methods

and

construction

methods

and

construction

technology

of

choice,

etc.,

are

a

direct

impact

on

project

budget

price

changes.

In

ensuring

the

quality

and

meet

the

owners

requirements

and

schedule

requirements

of

the

premise,

optimize

the

construction

program

and

construction

process

is

to

control

the

cost

of

investment

projects

and

reduce

the

importance

of

measures

and

means.

Construction

design

is

not

only

an

important

guiding

document

production

and

management

activities,

preparation

of

construction

plans

is

an

important

basis

for

the

budget.

Therefore,

the

construction

unit

leaders

before

the

start

of

the

unit

project

to

tissue

engineering,

materials

and

equipment,

industrial

scale,

economic

planning,

project

cost

and

other

personnel

to

seriously

familiar

with

the

drawings,

in-depth

on-site

field

survey

of

the

technical

and

economic

organizational

measures.

Project

cost

in

the

preparation

of

construction

design

is

directly

related

to

the

economic

interests

of

enterprises,

because,

in

the

project

cost

management

and

implementation

of

the

provisions

of

the

budget

scale,

the

cost

of

personnel

staff

plays

the

role

of

business

manager

in

charge;

in

the

bidding

and

construction

contract,

the

cost

commissioned

by

the

enterprise

legal

person

can

be

used

as

the

legal

representative

of

the

agent,

the

exercise

of

powers

conferred

by

enterprise

legal

person;

in

the

construction

and

budget

work,

supervision

plays

a

role

in

the

economy.

Therefore,

the

full

cost

of

in-house

staff

not

only

understands

technology,

understand

the

policy,

but

also

understands

the

role

of

legal

expertise

and

is

prepared

well

construction

design

and

improve

an

important

aspect

of

economic

efficiency

of

enterprises,

but

also

works

to

overcome

and

avoid

an

economic

dispute

settlement

reasonable

and

effective

way.

Finally,

the

construction

organization

of

this

document

is

very

important,

it

is

the

technical

and

economic

documents.

Construction

of

the

project,

be

sure

to

supervise

the

construction

and

control

of

organizational

design

to

ensure

the

project's

construction

order,

to

prevent

the

construction

design

a

mere

formality.

Engineering

construction

design

is

the

quality,

safety,

effective

measures

to

guarantee

progress.淺談項(xiàng)目管理中施工組織設(shè)計(jì)重要性

摘要:施工組織是項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和指導(dǎo)工程施工的重要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)文件。能調(diào)整施工中人員、機(jī)器、原料、環(huán)境、工藝、設(shè)備、土建、安裝、管理、生產(chǎn)等沖突,要對施工組織設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和限制,才能科學(xué)合理的保證工程項(xiàng)目高質(zhì)量、低成本、少耗能的完成。

關(guān)鍵字:項(xiàng)目管理;施工組織;設(shè)計(jì);重要性

施工組織設(shè)計(jì)是項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和指導(dǎo)工程施工的重要文件,是建筑施工企業(yè)單位能以高質(zhì)量、高速度、低成本、少消耗完成工程項(xiàng)目建筑的有力保證措施,也是加強(qiáng)管理、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要手段,也是很正確處理施工中人員、機(jī)器、原料、方法、環(huán)境及工藝和設(shè)備,土建和安裝協(xié)作,消耗和供應(yīng),管理和生產(chǎn)等各種各樣的沖突,科學(xué)合理地、支配而有序地、均衡地組織項(xiàng)目施工生產(chǎn)的重要保障。

隨著社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的建立,建筑市場的競爭日趨激烈,客觀形勢對施工企業(yè)的要求越來越高,不僅在技術(shù)裝備、人員素養(yǎng)、施工組織者方面提出較高的要求,而且工程經(jīng)濟(jì)管理工作中有關(guān)工程預(yù)結(jié)算也面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)建筑市場形勢下,有些施工企業(yè)沒有主動(dòng)實(shí)行應(yīng)對措施,對員工的專業(yè)技術(shù)沒有更新、培訓(xùn),科學(xué)技術(shù)管理水平相當(dāng)落后,加上對編制審核施工組織設(shè)計(jì)沒有引起足夠的重視,因此就會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下幾種常見的狀況:

(1)開工前沒有編制審核施工組織設(shè)計(jì):不搞施工平面布置圖,材料亂堆亂放,土方運(yùn)出運(yùn)進(jìn),機(jī)械設(shè)備、勞動(dòng)力需求無支配,工程質(zhì)量、平安施工無保證措施,造成窩工奢侈現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)峻,管理水平較低。

(2)是否是專業(yè)人員編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì):為應(yīng)付上級部門及監(jiān)理單位、甲方檢查而給施工員或資料員代編施工組織設(shè)計(jì),因?yàn)橘Y料根本對現(xiàn)在的施工管理不了解而又是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最近支配的,不得不胡亂編造,應(yīng)付了事。

(3)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制水平低:有的施工單位,不明白施工組織在施工過程中的重要性,寫一寫各分項(xiàng)施工工藝、畫張平面布置圖、工程進(jìn)度支配表,便認(rèn)為是施工組織設(shè)計(jì)了。

(4)要技術(shù)棄經(jīng)濟(jì):相當(dāng)多的施工企業(yè)單位在編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),只重視施工組織當(dāng)中的各分項(xiàng)工程的技術(shù)措施,沒有考慮分項(xiàng)工程經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)方面內(nèi)容,導(dǎo)致工程竣工結(jié)算時(shí)糾紛不斷,蒙受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

[例1]南寧市某小區(qū)某宿舍樓要對生活用水進(jìn)行一戶一表改造工程,但由于宿舍樓是八十年頭建成的,已經(jīng)有二十幾年了,業(yè)主擅自由樓和樓之間的自家雜物用房擠占了公用正常的通道,導(dǎo)致兩樓之間通道過于狹窄,通車?yán)щy,所以造成了施工材料須要人力搬運(yùn)到施工地點(diǎn),施工單位則以材料未進(jìn)入場地而要求增加材料的二次搬運(yùn)費(fèi),甲方不予簽認(rèn),造成了經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。假如施工單位在開工前進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場勘測,細(xì)致編制審核施工組織設(shè)計(jì)并在工程承包合同中附注加以說明,則可削減不必要的麻煩。

[例2]某住宅樓工程的基坑開挖,施工現(xiàn)場并不寬敞,施工單位施工時(shí)有施工組織設(shè)計(jì),但是無土方調(diào)查方案,沒有開挖的放坡系數(shù),也未進(jìn)行施工前土方積累計(jì)算,原本上勾機(jī)在坑上開挖就可以了,就因?yàn)槭┕そM織設(shè)計(jì)中沒有對地下調(diào)查,導(dǎo)致挖破了旁邊居民樓的給水管,致使成本增加,對放坡要示也沒有明確