(英語)高考英語閱讀理解試題經(jīng)典及解析

（英語）高考英語閱讀理解試題經(jīng)典及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theycandegradenaturally.C.

Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.

Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

TizianoisfromGermany.

B.

Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.C.

Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.

TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.

Theairpollution.

B.

Theediblecutlery.C.

Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.

Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.

Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.

Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.C.

Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.

Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問題，并且提出了相應的解決方法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edibleplates的優(yōu)勢。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時也給政府帶來了數(shù)百萬的垃圾管理。塑料袋經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會導致有毒氣體污染空氣。作為對此的回應，世界各國政府正在出臺嚴格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成的破壞?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問題的解決方案。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.

AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.（1）HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7A.

About9500years.

B.

About10,100years.

C.

10,190years.

D.

18,500years.（2）Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.A.

killed

B.

bought

C.

trained

D.

raised（3）WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.

Undoubted.

B.

Unsure.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Unconfident.（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.

TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.

B.

ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C.

HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.

D.

WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大概一萬年以前就在北美成為人類伙伴的狗的種類。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小組得出的結論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因為它們的骨骼是完整的，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被仔細地埋葬了，證據(jù)表明他們是被主人重視的。關鍵詞buried，可知劃線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達美洲的馴服的狗態(tài)度是不確定。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

NewSouthWales,Australia,issettingupcamerasaspartofanefforttoreducethenumberofpeoplepreoccupiedwithwirelessdeviceswhiletheydrive.Itwillbethefirstareaintheworldtousethetechnologytopunishdriversdistracted(分心)withtelephonecalls,socialmediaortextmessages.

RoadSafetyexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofaccidentsinvolvingdriversusingsmartphonesonthestate'sroads.Theysaydriverswhousephoneswhiledrivinggreatlyincreasetheirchancesofbeinginvolvedinanaccident.

TheNewSouthWalesgovernmentplanstoplace45MobilePhoneDetectionCamerasacrossthestatebyDecember.Eachphonedetectionunitcontainstwocameras.Onecameratakespicturesofavehicle'sregistrationplate(牌照).Asecondcameralooksthroughthefrontwindowofacarortrucktoseewhatdriversaredoingwiththeirhands.

Theunitsuseartificialintelligencetosetasidedriverswhoarenottouchingtheirphones.Humanbeingsthenconfirmifthepicturesshowillegalbehaviorbeforenoticeissenttothevehicle'sregisteredowner.Aviolation(違反)carriesfineof$232.Somecameraswillbepermanentlysetuponroadsides.Otherswillbemoved,fromtimetotime,aroundthestate.

Twofixedcamerastookphotographsof8.5millionvehiclesaspartofasix-monthtestearlierthisyear.Thecamerastookphotosofmorethan100,000driverswiththeirhandsonphones.Onedriverwasusingaphoneandanotherelectronicdevice,anAppleiPad,atthesametime.Anotherdriverhadapassengerguidethevehiclewhiletheybothheldphones,thestategovernmentsaid.（1）WhatistherealpurposetosetupcamerasinNewSouthWale?A.Tokeeprecordsoftheaccidents.B.Topromotethelatesttechnology.C.Tofindillegalbehaviorofthedrivers.D.Toforcedriverstofocusmoreondriving.（2）Whatcanweinferfromtheroadsafetyexperts?A.Smart-phonesaremainkillersontheroad.B.Allaccidentsresultfromdrivers'usingcell-phones.C.Measuresarebadlyneededtobanusingphoneswhiledriving.D.Carryingasmart-phonewhiledrivingwillcauseanaccident.（3）Howdoesthephonedetectionunitfunctioneffectively?A.Itcorrectsthedrivers'wrongbehavior.B.Ithastwocamerastorecordtheplates.C.Itsendsanoticetothelegaldiverautonomously.D.Itcombinesartificialintelligencewithhuman'sefforts.（4）Whatdidasix-monthtestshow?A.Electronicdevicescouldhelpdiversindeed.B.Marypassengerhelpedoperatethevehicles.C.Manydriversusedelectronicdeviceswhiledriving.D.Itwascommontobebusywithtwowirelessdevices.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了澳大利亞新南威爾士州正在設置攝像頭，以減少開車時全神貫注于無線設備的人數(shù)。用這項技術懲罰那些因電話、社交媒體或短信分心的司機，將是世界上第一個。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“NewSouthWales,Australia,issettingupcamerasaspartofanefforttoreducethenumberofpeoplepreoccupiedwithwirelessdeviceswhiletheydrive.Itwillbethefirstareaintheworldtousethetechnologytopunishdriversdistracted（分心）withtelephonecalls,socialmediaortextmessages.”澳大利亞新南威爾士州正在設置攝像頭，以減少開車時全神貫注于無線設備的人數(shù)。用這項技術懲罰那些因電話、社交媒體或短信分心的司機，將是世界上第一個。所以判斷出，新南威爾士設置攝像頭的真正目的是迫使司機更專注于駕駛。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“RoadSafetyexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofaccidentsinvolvingdriversusingsmartphonesonthestate'sroads.Theysaydriverswhousephoneswhiledrivinggreatlyincreasetheirchancesofbeinginvolvedinanaccident.”可知道路安全專家對越來越多的司機在州內(nèi)道路上使用智能手機的事故表示關注。他們說，司機在開車時使用手機，大大增加了發(fā)生事故的可能性。所以判斷出，道路安全專家認為急需采取措施禁止開車時使用手機。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theunitsuseartificialintelligencetosetasidedriverswhoarenottouchingtheirphones.Humanbeingsthenconfirmifthepicturesshowillegalbehaviorbeforenoticeissenttothevehicle'sregisteredowner.”可知這些裝置使用人工智能技術，將不接觸手機的司機隔離開來。然后，在通知車主之前，由人類確認照片上是否有違法行為。因此，手機檢測裝置是把人工智能和人類的努力結合起來。故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Twofixedcamerastookphotographsof8.5millionvehiclesaspartofasix﹣monthtestearlierthisyear.Thecamerastookphotosofmorethan100，000driverswiththeirhandsonphones.”可知今年早些時候，作為為期6個月的測試的一部分，兩個固定攝像頭拍攝了850萬輛汽車的照片。這些攝像頭拍攝了10萬多名駕駛員的手拿著手機的照片。所以，六個月的測試顯示了許多司機在開車時使用電子設備。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereatMNN:theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfern(蘆筍蕨)isaneconomicalartisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.Soit'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofprettyputtedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?

That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthatthepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkattentionspan(范圍).Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffort)canberefreshedthroughexposurehotonaturalisticenvironments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone'shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplybybeingsurroundedbyhouseplants?

Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminamomwithnoplantsandputothersinaroomwithourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.FirstwasaRearingSpanTeatwhichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingtheLastwordineachsentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:fromrendingandmemorizingatonemomenttowritingandrecallingatthenext.NextcameaproofreadingtaskfallowedbyanotherReadingSpanTest.

Theresults?ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.（1）Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.B.HouseplantscanFunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.C.Plantingpolledflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?A.Focusone'sattention.B.Disturbone'sattention.C.weakenone'sattention.D.Turnone'sattentionaway.（3）Whatdoesthetestprove?A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Flowers:GrandFeasttoEyesB.Greenery:EffectiveAir-purifierC.Houseplants:VisualBrainFoodD.PottedPlants:Great!House-beautifier【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過實驗說明室內(nèi)植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfem(蘆筍蕨)isaeconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.”可知，鑒于室內(nèi)空氣污染比室外空氣污染嚴重2到5倍，用百合花、蘆筍蕨這些植物來取代空氣凈化器凈化室內(nèi)空氣即經(jīng)濟實惠又美觀。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffortcanberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.”可知，掙扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通過置身于自然環(huán)境中來恢復。據(jù)此可推知，縮小注意力范圍即指注意力得到恢復，變得更專注。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.”可知，在有植物的房間里工作的參與者從第一次閱讀廣度測試到第二次閱讀廣度測試的成績都有所提高，而在沒有綠色植物的房間里工作的參與者則沒有。因此，在植物間工作的好處是顯而易見的。由此可知，這個測試的證實了在室內(nèi)植物間工作可以改善精神功能。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知本文介紹室內(nèi)植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力，對大腦的工作效果起到積極作用。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Bambooisoneoftheworld'smostusefulplants.Forthousandsofyears,bamboohasbeenusedinmanydifferentways-fromfoodtomedicinetoclothingand,insmallways,asabuildingmaterial.

However,bambooisnotoftenusedasabuildingmaterialinthedevelopedworld.AprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvaniaistryingtochangethat.Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo.Theyaretestinghowmuchpressureorweightitcantakebeforebreaking.

KentHarriesisaprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Harriessaysthattestingmethodsforbambooneedtobethesameforall.Theyneedtobestandardized.Standardizingtestmethodsforbamboowillhelptobringtheplantintocommonuse.Itwillalsogiveengineersandbuildersaroundtheworldadependablestandard.

Harriessaysthatbambooisstronginnature.Thestrengthofatleastthreespeciesofbambooissimilartosteel.Besidesitsstrength,bamboohasotherfeaturesthatmakeitveryusefulinbuilding.Hesaysitisresilient(有彈力的),meaningitkeepsitsshapeandstrengthevenunderpressure.

Bambooalsogrowsquickly.Bamboothatissuitableforconstructionneedsmuchlessresourcesthanwood.Theharvestcycleofbambooisabout3years.Softwoodssuchascedar,pineandsprucehaveaharvestcycleofabout10years.Andhardwoodsthatcomefromfloweringplantssuchasoakandwalnutneedmorethan30years.

Bambooiswidelyusedasfoodforpandabears.Itisalsousedforflooringandwindowcovers.However,forbuilding,bambooisnotusedmuchoutsideitsnativegrowingarea.Thisismostlybecauseofitsroundshape.Butthereareotherreasonstoo.Peoplethink--orhavethementality--thatbambooisalowqualitybuildingmaterial.（1）Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthepassage?A.

Makebambooacommonbuildingmaterial.

B.

Takeadvantageofbambooinoureveryday.C.

Considerbambootobeacommonplant.

D.

Usebambootoreplacebuildingmaterials.（2）WhatisthepurposeofwhatKentHarriesandhisstudentsdid?A.

Toprovewhatisthemostusefulplant.

B.

Tointroducebambootothedevelopedworld.C.

Togiveengineersandbuilderssomeadvice.

D.

Tomakesureofthestrengthofbamboo.（3）WhatdoesHarriesthinkofbamboointhepassage?A.

Harriesseesbambooasagreatbuildingmaterial.

B.

Harriesthinksbambooisasstrongassteel.C.

HarriesseesbambooasthemostidealPlant.

D.

Harriesthinksbamboohasthereliableshape.（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

Bambooisanenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterial.

B.

Bamboomaterialwillgotothemarketinthesoonfuture.C.

Hardwoodsaremuchmorepopularthansoftwoods.

D.

Bamboogrowsnotonlyfasterbuttakesuplessspace.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。幾千年來，竹子被廣泛地應用于各個方面，然而，在發(fā)達國家，竹子并沒有經(jīng)常地被應用于建筑領域。KentHarries教授試圖改變這一點。他和他的學生們測試了竹子的受壓力量。KentHarries教授認為是一種很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文講述了KentHarries和他的學生所做的實驗，實驗的目的是測試竹子能否當作建筑材料來使用。故選A。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo．”可知，教授和他的學生做實驗的目的是測試竹子的承受力，故選D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段可知，KentHarries認為竹子結實、有彈力、能承受壓力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的觀點是竹子是種很好的建筑材料。故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，竹子長得很快，其生長為三年，而針葉木材則需10年，闊葉樹時間更長，由此可知，竹子是種很環(huán)保的建筑材料。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupallofthecomplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction.

Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.

Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.

Over-hunting,overfishing,andhuman-drivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth'shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.

Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdie-offsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered.

Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefive-orsix-massextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions.

OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？A.

Humansarethemaincauseofit.

B.

Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime.C.

ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene.

D.

Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？A.

99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100.

B.

Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet.C.

Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂.

D.

Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.

Landanimals.

B.

Marinelife.

C.

Hugeanimals.

D.

Flesh-eatingcreatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，許多科學家認為，我們正經(jīng)歷著地球史上第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕，主要原因是人類的過度捕獵、過度捕撈和人類棲息地的喪失。但是，各個科學家對過去物種滅絕原因有著不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小規(guī)模物種滅絕——大型動物滅絕，有關的滅絕原因，科學家仍在爭論。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。第三段提到大規(guī)模物種滅絕是在arelativelyshortperiodoftime，所以B錯誤；最后一段提到大型動物的滅絕發(fā)生在theendofthePleistocene，而第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕是當下正在發(fā)生的，所以C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的＂Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.＂可知，科學家認為人類是第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕的主要原因，沒有不同意見，因此D錯誤，因此選A。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday”，以及第四段中的＂By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.＂可知，到22世紀，地球還會有目前物種的1/2會滅絕，也就是10million的半，即fivemillion，因此選B。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的＂becausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂應為大型動物，因此選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProduct

FullTwoYearWarranty（保修）

LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet（機箱）

WarrantyProvidesfor：

FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.

THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforanycabinetwhichprovesfaultyduetorust（生銹）.

WarrantyLimitations：

Warrantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.

AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedbyCanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedfromfactory.

Productsusedonacommercialorrentalbasisnotcoveredbythiswarranty.

ServicemustbeperformedbyanAmanaservicer.

Adjustmentscoveredduringfirstyearonly.WarrantyDoesNotCoverItIf：

Producthasdamageduetoproductchange，connectiontoanimproperelectricalsupply>shippingandhandling,accident,fire,floods,lightningorotherconditionsbeyondthecontrolofAmana.

Productisimproperlyinstalled（安裝）orapplied.

Owner'sResponsibilities：

Providesalesreceipt.

Normalcareandrepair.

Havingtheproductreasonablyaccessibleforservice.

Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallationorusageinstructions.

Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges,ifservicerisrequestedtoperformserviceoutsideservicer^normalbusinesshours.

InnoeventshallAmanaberesponsibleforconsequentialdamages（間接損壞）.

Thiswarrantygivesyouspecificlegalrights,andyoumayhaveotherswhichvaryfromstatetostateForexample,somestatesdonotallowtheexclusion（排除）orlimitationofconsequentialdamages,sothisexclusionmaynotapplytoyou.（1）AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif

.A.

usedintheU.S.A

B.

rentedforhomeuseC.

repairedbytheuserhimself

D.

shippedfromaCanadianfactory（2）AccordingtoOwner'sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor

.A.

theproductinstallation

B.

aservicer'sovertimeworkC.

thelossofthesalesreceipt

D.

amechanic'stransportation（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?A.

ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.

B.

Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.C.

Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.

D.

Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文這是一張保修單，屬于說明文，對家用自動干洗機的保修時限、保修服務范圍、購買者所負的責任、不屬于保修服務內(nèi)容以及對結果性損失不負任何責任諸方面進行了詳盡說明。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“WarrantyLimitations：?AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStates”可知，根據(jù)保修限制，如果在美國使用，產(chǎn)品可以在保修期內(nèi)。故選A。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“Owner'sResponsibilities：?Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges”可知，根據(jù)業(yè)主的責任，業(yè)主必須為服務人員的加班工作支付費用。故選B。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.”可知，一個有缺陷的櫥柜在第二年就可以被替換掉。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生準確掌握細節(jié)信息，結合題目要求，選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解TEACHANDTRAVEL:USEOURSPONSORSHIPTOBECOMEACERT