雅思大作文寫作方法

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁(yè)眉頁(yè)腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！雅思大作文寫作步驟指導(dǎo)雅思寫作部分有2400未能充分展現(xiàn)自己的英語(yǔ)寫作水平。寫作部分兩篇文章的字?jǐn)?shù)要求是不一樣的。大作文必須完成250字以上寫作任務(wù)，而小作文150字以上。根據(jù)這一指令，從機(jī)械地寫字速度來(lái)看，考生較為合理的時(shí)間分配為大作文40分鐘，小作文20分鐘。另外，大作文占寫作總值的的分配也是相當(dāng)合理的。所以，要想成功完成大作文任務(wù)一定要把時(shí)間控制在40分鐘左右，前后不超出5分鐘。那么如何充分利用這40分鐘，完成一篇基本令人滿意的文章呢？步驟一：審題（<3分鐘）與否與"TaskResponse"有著直接的聯(lián)系。而在當(dāng)前模板泛濫，文章千篇一律的撰寫方向造成偏差。而有效的讀題方法應(yīng)為：通讀題目，了解大意。細(xì)讀題目，分析句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。再讀題目，辨別關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)分主題詞和限定詞，推測(cè)考官的出題意圖。由于大部分考生只作到了讀題的第一步，所以出現(xiàn)離題或部分離題的可能性很大?，F(xiàn)以2008年11月15日的考題為例：Therearemoreworkerstoworkfromhomeandmorestudentstostudyfromhome.Thisisbecausethecomputertechnologyismoreandmoreeasilyaccessibleandcheaper.Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?（題目為考生回憶，與原題可能有少許出入）通讀題目，了解大意。趨勢(shì)？accessible細(xì)讀題目，分析句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。要把握題目中的句子間邏輯關(guān)系，關(guān)鍵是能讀懂代詞"this";"it"的具體指代。"this"是指第一句話。把itwiderusageofcomputertechnologyinworkingorstudyingfromhome再讀題目，辨別關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)分主題詞和限定詞，推測(cè)考官的出題意圖。主題詞：Computertechnologyinworkingorstudyingfromhome限定詞：positiveornegative不容忽視的詞：easilyaccessibleandcheaper題目信息解構(gòu)：(topic)positive（benefits)Computertechnologyinworkingorstudyingfromhome(causes)Negative(drawbacks)Easilyaccessibleandcheaper對(duì)題目做出如上分析，確保撰寫的文章能包含以上的信息，審題這關(guān)絕對(duì)能過。以上用時(shí)不超過3分鐘。步驟二：列大綱（<3分鐘）作框架。如：Computertechnology：on-line,PC,laptop,broadbandWorkingfromhome:Fashiondesigner;freelancer;translator;journalist;writer;musiccomposer,artistsStudyingfromhome:on-linecourse,thedisablewhoaredifficulttomove;courseintheforeigncountryCheaper:on-lineIELTScourse--severalhundredRMBClassIELTScourse--severalthousandRMBEasilyaccessible:incity--atleastonePCeveryhouseBroadband:almosteveryhouse;schoolNetbar:almosteveryneighborhoodOutline:Introduction:Computertechnologyinhome-studyandhome-work(topic)Positivedevelopment(opinion)Body:Benefitsofstudyingfromhome:Cheaper---IELTScourse(on-line/class)Freer---whitecollarforfurthereducationinfreetimeBenefitsofworkingfromhome:Artists(musiccomposer/fashiondesigner)----moreproductiveFreelancer(translator/journalists)----moreworkingopportunityDrawbacks:Lackself-control/independence(line-addicts)Conclusion:inevitabletrend(withself-discipline)寫作如魚得水。步驟三：文章撰寫（30-35分鐘）一般文章為4-5段，平均每段用時(shí)5-10分鐘備注：大作文寫作一定要寫結(jié)論段，以體現(xiàn)文章的完整性。步驟四：檢查（1-2分鐘）此時(shí)，不宜做大的修改，把筆誤的部分改掉即可。部分的足夠重視。議論文四種類型與結(jié)尾模版從一邊展開，的觀點(diǎn)和理由呈現(xiàn)“一邊倒”的形式；而雙邊討論型文章的特可能適合不同類型的結(jié)構(gòu)。但無(wú)論是用什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，作為議論文寫作，論點(diǎn)、感到非常迷惑。本文將從如何提出“折衷觀點(diǎn)”和“折衷方案”這個(gè)角度對(duì)于雙邊討論型文章的觀點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析。一、何為“折衷觀點(diǎn)”和“折衷方案”很多雅思寫作考題的提問方式都是“Doyouagreeor或者“Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？”。很多剛剛接觸雅思考試的學(xué)生甚至是老師認(rèn)為對(duì)于這種提問方式無(wú)非就是yes或no兩種答案，所以處也有壞處，這就是一種“折衷”觀點(diǎn)。除此之外，還提出了是否能用動(dòng)物明治療Aids的藥物），這就屬于“折衷”方案。二、“折衷觀點(diǎn)”和“折衷方案”的幾種形式那么如何提出“折衷觀點(diǎn)”呢？“折衷方案”又有哪幾種形式呢？下面將對(duì)常見的幾種安排折衷觀點(diǎn)和折衷方案的形式，結(jié)合相應(yīng)的考題進(jìn)行總結(jié)。1）興利除弊advantagesbroughtbythespreadofEnglishasa“globalwilloutweighthedisadvantages.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisview?在討論完英語(yǔ)作為全球性語(yǔ)言的利與弊之后，結(jié)尾段可以這樣提出折衷觀點(diǎn)：Tosumup,itisdifficulttotellwhetherornottheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantagesregardingthespreadofEnglishasagloballanguage.Whatwemayhavetoconsiderishowtoacceptthistrendaspositivewhileatthesametimestayingawayfromitsdrawbacks.2）平衡發(fā)展bothviewsandgiveyourownopinion”這樣的提問要求。很多情況下，文中說(shuō)到的兩種觀點(diǎn)表面上看來(lái)是完全相反，但其實(shí)并不矛盾，可以用“平衡發(fā)展”的思路來(lái)提出觀點(diǎn)。例如考題：Somepeoplethinkthatculturaltraditionsmaybedestroyedwhentheyareusedasmoney-makingattractionsaimedattourists.Othersbelieveitistheonlywaytosavethesetraditions.Discussonbothsidesandgiveyouropinion.折衷方案：WeshouldfindtherightbalancebetweentourismdevelopmentandculturalprotectionandIbelievethegovernmenthasaveryimportantroletoplayhere.Inmyowncountry,forexample,manytouristcitieshavemadeeffectivedevelopmentplanstosuccessfullyattractlargenumbersofvisitorswhilestillpreservingtheirdistinctculturaltraditions.3）列出條件有時(shí)在討論完A和BA還是B要取決于……”peoplethinkthattheanimalsshouldbetreatedaspets;othersthinkthatanimalsaresourcesoffoodandclothing.Whatisyouropinion?觀點(diǎn)：Frommypointofview,thereisnoabsoluteanswerastowhetheranimalsshouldbetreatedlikepetsorassourcesoffoodandclothes.Itlargelydependsonwhatkindsofanimalstheyare.Butwhatremainsundoubtedisthatweshouldtreatanimalswithahumaneattitudeandbearinmindthattheyareimportantinpreservingnature’secologicalequilibrium.4）解決方法很多雙邊討論型文章中所討論的兩種觀點(diǎn)其實(shí)是可以通過某種方案來(lái)“化解矛盾”的，例如這道考題：Inmanycountries,goodschoolsandmedicalfacilitiesareavailableonlyincities.Somepeoplethinknewteachersanddoctorsshouldwokinruralareasforafewyears,butothersthinkeveryoneshouldbefreetochoosewheretheywork.Discussandgiveyourownopinion.在討論完“支邊”的利（縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距）與弊（年輕人喪失自由）之后，我們可以提出這樣一種解決方案：Thebestsolution,therefore,isnottoorder,buttoencourage.Weshouldinstillasenseofresponsibilityinyoungpeopleandgivemoreincentivestothosewhoarewillingtoworkindifficultareas,sothatwecanaddresstheproblemofurban-ruraldisparitywhilerespectingwhateverdecisionsnewteachersordoctorshavemade.雅思議論文論證方法150單詞以上的圖表說(shuō)明250進(jìn)行概括，即結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言。本文將就其中內(nèi)容方面進(jìn)行探討。雅思寫作通常都圍繞著幾大類話題展開，如2009年到現(xiàn)在較常出現(xiàn)的教育類、科技類、媒考題目。&我們先來(lái)熟悉一下前兩種方法的具體使用。1、解釋說(shuō)明（explanation）句型：Thisistosay,…Tobemoreprecise,…BythisImean,…人的思維方式有著巨大的區(qū)別，西方人通常習(xí)慣一針見血，而不是含蓄的說(shuō)話。這就導(dǎo)致很多考生在論證過程中用講道理的論證方法時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)離題偏題的現(xiàn)reasonwhyitisdifficultforuniversitystudentstofindajobaftergraduation”，學(xué)生的答案為“theincreasingworldpopulation”，考生給題的根本原因，但事實(shí)上，這個(gè)原因與題目根本沒聯(lián)系，就可以被判定為離題，所以還不如直接說(shuō)“theincreasinglyfiercecompetition”，更有說(shuō)服力。根據(jù)這一特色，朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師建議考生在講道理的時(shí)候只圍繞topicsentence進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，這樣就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)離題的現(xiàn)象了。我們看下面一個(gè)topicsentence，通過explanation來(lái)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。E.g.Theretiredpeopletendtoofferserviceforthebenefitsofthefamilyandthecommunity.讀完這個(gè)句子，我們可能對(duì)其中thebenefitsofthefamilyandthecommunity感到疑惑，到底是什么利益，提供什么服務(wù)。Thisistosay,theelderlyalwaysspendtheirtimeintakingcareofthefamilyanddoinghouseholdchoresforthefamilyaswellasorganizingcharitableactivitiesforthecommunity.這樣就能很好的對(duì)上述句子進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明了。2、舉例子（exemplification）句型：Forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,…Take…asexample,…不符合西方思維的問題。既是舉例子，顧名思義，我們要列舉一個(gè)具體的例子，比如某某人，或某事件而不是在forexample后面還出現(xiàn)somestudentsinhighschoolsufferfromincreasingpressure”學(xué)生的例子是（中文）：也通過一個(gè)練習(xí)來(lái)對(duì)topicsentence進(jìn)行舉例的擴(kuò)展。E.g.Mostparentstendtooverusepunishmentintheireducationofthekids.可以得出下面的例子。Forexample,onlybecauseofthebadperformanceinprimaryschool,thechildofmyneighbourwasinflictedcorporalpunishment.Inthiscase,itdoesnothingbutharmtothechild’sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.從例子中得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，這樣使得論證過程更加有說(shuō)服力。3、列數(shù)據(jù)（raisingfigures）句型：Asisreported/investigated/researched,…Itisreportedthat…Arecentresearchconductedby…Bureaurevealsthat…大類，一類是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的，明確記載的數(shù)據(jù)，如一些新聞事件，四川地震、公用列數(shù)據(jù)的論證方法：Eg.Theretiredpeopletendtoofferserviceforthebenefitsofthefamilyandthecommunity.要對(duì)這樣一個(gè)topicsentence此題有兩處，一是退休老人的年齡，二是所花時(shí)間。結(jié)合上述句型，得出論證過程如下：Asisreported,theaveragetimethattheretiredwithintheagegroupabove65spendonthefamilyandthecommunityisatitslengthofabout5hoursperday.4、比較（contrast&comparison）系叫對(duì)比（contrast）。此類論證我們重點(diǎn)掌握一些對(duì)比對(duì)照關(guān)系的連詞：Incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereasLikewise,similarly5、引用（quotation）求考生要有相當(dāng)大的積累，由于備考時(shí)間緊迫，此類論證可以少用。此外，朗閣不是中文寫作中，引用越多越好。6、讓步（makingconcession）步的關(guān)系，先退一步承認(rèn)一個(gè)與自己觀點(diǎn)相反的事實(shí)，再轉(zhuǎn)折給出自己的觀點(diǎn)，否定前者。句型如下：Although/though/inspiteofthefactthat…Asisgranted/Admittedly,…Opponentswouldarguethat…看待一個(gè)問題，而且反駁更能有的放矢。具體例子如下：Eg.Peopledonnotbelievethatsavingmoneyisagoodideainmodernsociety.這個(gè)Topicsentence的觀點(diǎn)很明確，存錢在當(dāng)代社會(huì)不是好主意，顯然，用讓步論證的話，我們要先承認(rèn)存錢的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，再根據(jù)所列有點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁。Asisgranted,savingmoneyofferspeopleasenseofsecurityincaseofemergency.However,peopletendtobelievethatwiseinvestmentcangetmoreprofits.雅思大作文框架(argumentation)一、1：2（中間對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)一段，自己的兩段）共五段*第一段這一點(diǎn)尤為重要，可以用：*贊揚(yáng)的口吻uniformshasbecomeaneffectivewaytosolveschoolproblems可選用以下一些句式(完全可以用自己的):*Thanksto/Atthemercyoftheever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology,therearerapidchangesinallaspectsofoureverydaylives.*Withthe(rapid,marked,amazing,eye-catching,remarkable,fantastic)development/progress/growth/advance/improvementofeconomy/society/industry/livingstandard,…*Whiletherhythm/pace/tempooflivingisspeedingup,…*Aslivingtempo/pacequickens,…*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,____play/fillavital/leading/educational/indispensable/supervisory+role/partin…*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,_____produce/exert/positive/active/profound/far-reaching+effects/impacts/influenceson____*或者從所背的表‘正面“的詞組中選擇*批評(píng)的口吻例如:itisreporteduniformshasmadeschoollifedullandmonotonous可選用以下一些句式:*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,_____produce/exert/negative/adverse/baneful+effects/impacts/influenceson____*或者從所背的表‘負(fù)面“的詞組中選擇*中立的口吻例如：itiscommonthatstudentattendtoschoolinuniforms可選用以下一些句式:*itisquitecommon/itisnotuncommonthat*itisastrikingfactthat*thereisgrowingtendencyforsbtodosth*itiswidelynotedthat*itiswellawarethat*itisawell-establishedfactthat第二句：提出疑問：However/nevertheless/nonetheless/whereas或者therefore/consequently/accordingly*whethersmokingshouldbebannedtotally或者*如果題目中給出的事兩方觀點(diǎn)，用特殊疑問句的陳述語(yǔ)序完成，例如（whichfactorcandetermineanation’ssuccess）切記：要進(jìn)行題目的改寫（詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)）*Hasbecomeahottopic/hasbeendrowntopublic’sattention/hasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern/hasbecomethelimelightofourday-to-daylife第三句：自己觀點(diǎn)*Istilladhereto/stickto/clingto/nurture/committo(堅(jiān)持)theopinion/belief/notion(觀點(diǎn))_____*Myfirmly/staunchly(堅(jiān)定)heldtheopinion/belief/notion(觀點(diǎn))is______*第二段：對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)oIshasbeensaidrightly(適度地)_____oIthasbeenadmitted（承認(rèn)）toacertainextent(在一定程度上)_______oThere,forcertain,aresomerisks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))/benefits(好處)fromsth/doingsthoItisconceivable(可想而知)_______oItisquiteeasytofindthereasontotoexalt/glorify/praisethatoThosewhohavealreadybenefitedfrompracticing___singhighpraiseofit*第三段：自己觀點(diǎn)1However/nevertheless/nonetheless(但是)/notwithstanding盡管如此/inspiteofthese*Theresearch,relatingto(和…相關(guān)=about,concerning)hashighlightedthat______(和…..相關(guān)的調(diào)查強(qiáng)調(diào)….)*Itishazardous（危險(xiǎn)的）/ridiculous/ludicrous(可笑的)tolosesightof/beblindto(忽略)（如果忽略。。。是很危險(xiǎn)/可笑的）*Ithasbeenprovedthat______(事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明了。。。)*Therestillexistsomerisks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))/hazards/dangers(危險(xiǎn))或benefits(好處)indoingsth(在做。。。上還是也些好處或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的)*第四段：自己觀點(diǎn)2Rather/inaddition/additionally/also/still(此外)*Itisimproper/inappropriate(不合適的)/erroneous(錯(cuò)誤的)ifweregard/consider/take/treat(認(rèn)為)itflawless/faultless/blameless/perfect(無(wú)可挑剔的)或incurable(無(wú)可就藥的)/intolerable(無(wú)法忍受的)*Itturnsouttobea害的)或wise/sagacious(明智的)policy*Itisnoexaggeration(夸張)tosaythat___(說(shuō)什么也不夸張)*第五段：結(jié)尾（重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)+精彩論據(jù)的重復(fù)）Inconclusion/ultimately/inthefinalanalysis(總而言之)，*Itisnohardjob/task/feattoarriveattheconclusion/reachtheoverwhelmingconsensus(達(dá)成一致)________*Alltheanalysesjustify(使…合理)asound（站得住腳的）conclusionthat*Theevidenceuponallpointsto(以上的證據(jù)都指向...)*Alltheevidencejustifiesanunshakableviewthat…*Alltheevidencesupportsanunmistakableconclusionthat…二、1：1折中（中間一方觀點(diǎn)一段，另一方的觀點(diǎn)一段）共四段*第一段這一點(diǎn)尤為重要，可以用：*贊揚(yáng)的口吻uniformshasbecomeaneffectivewaytosolveschoolproblems可選用以下一些句式(完全可以用自己的):*Thanksto/Atthemercyoftheever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology,therearerapidchangesinallaspectsofoureverydaylives.*Withthe(rapid,marked,amazing,eye-catching,remarkable,fantastic)development/progress/growth/advance/improvementofeconomy/society/industry/livingstandard,*Whiletherhythm/pace/tempoofpeople’slivingisspeedingup,*Aslivingtempo/pacequickens,…*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,____play/fillavital/leading/educational/indispensable/supervisory+role/partin…*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,_____produce/exert/positive/active/profound/far-reaching+effects/impacts/influenceson____*或者從所背的表‘正面“的詞組中選擇*批評(píng)的口吻例如:itisreporteduniformshasmadeschoollifedullandmonotonous可選用以下一些句式:*Nowadays/inthisdayandage/,_____produce/exert/negative/adverse/baneful+effects/impacts/influenceson____*或者從所背的表‘負(fù)面“的詞組中選擇*中立的口吻例如：itiscommonthatstudentattendtoschoolinuniforms可選用以下一些句式:*itisquitecommon/itisnotuncommonthat*itisastrikingfactthat*thereisgrowingtendencyforsbtodosth*itiswidelynotedthat*itiswellawarethat*itisawell-establishedfactthat第二句：提出疑問：However/nevertheless/nonetheless/whereas或者therefore/consequently/accordingly*whethersmokingshouldbebannedtotally或者*如果題目中給出的事兩方觀點(diǎn)，用特殊疑問句的陳述語(yǔ)序完成，例如（whichfactorcandetermineanation’ssuccess）切記：要進(jìn)行題目的改寫（詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)）*Hasbecomeahottopic/hasbeendrowntopublic’sattention/hasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern/hasbecomethelimelightofourday-to-daylife第三句：正方/一方觀點(diǎn)*Somepeoplesay/believe/deem/reckon(認(rèn)為)______*Itisbelieved/held/considered/deemed/reckoned（認(rèn)為）reasonably(合理地)/understandably(可以理解)that____________(有人這么認(rèn)為也是合理/可以理解的)第四句：反方/另外一方觀點(diǎn)*Others/someargue/claim/maintain/challenge(挑戰(zhàn))/takeitforgranted(把…當(dāng)成想當(dāng)然)______第五句：自己的觀點(diǎn)Personally/personallyspeaking/asIseeit/frommyperspective*Thetwofactors/elements/considerations(因素)areintrinsically/basically(本質(zhì)上)interdependent(相互依賴的)andindispensable(缺一不可的)*Thetwosidesaresupportedbywell-groundedreasons*Thereisanelementoftruthinthebothsides*第二段：一方觀點(diǎn)（好）Ontheonehand,*___play/fill(發(fā)揮)vital/crucial(重要的)/leading(首屈一指)/significant(意義重大的)role/part(作用)in___(。。。在…方面發(fā)揮了重要的/首屈一指/意義重大的作用)*___have/exert/produce/impose(發(fā)揮)profound/far-reachingeffects/influences/impactson___（。。。在…方面產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響*第三段：另一方觀點(diǎn)（好）Ontheotherhand,*___hasbeenprovedtobethemostdeterminant(決定性的)factor（…已經(jīng)證明是個(gè)決定性的因素）*Muchadequacycanbefoundin….(在….方面也可以找到合理性)*第四段：結(jié)尾（重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)+精彩論據(jù)的重復(fù)）oOnbalance,_____and____doplay/fillequallyimportantrolein____（從平衡角度來(lái)看，__and___的確發(fā)揮了同樣重要的作用）三、一面倒：共五段*第一段與第五段與1:2完全相同*第二段：自己觀點(diǎn)1oTheforemostreasonreston/relieson(在于)thefactthat(最重要的原因就在于這個(gè)事實(shí))*第三段：自己觀點(diǎn)2explanationis____(另一個(gè)不明顯的理由是)*第四段：自己觀點(diǎn)3oAnothersubtleoThelastconvincingreasonIwouldliketomentionis____(我想提及的最后一個(gè)有說(shuō)服力的理由是____)雅思大作文首段尾段詳析一、起始段要點(diǎn)要素之一：RestatementoftheTopic行展開。方法一:改寫。即按照題目所給的內(nèi)容，用不同的表達(dá)方法重新寫一遍，千萬(wàn)不能抄襲。注意：改一兩個(gè)詞不算改寫，一定要將整個(gè)表達(dá)方式改掉。中的情況怎樣。注意：不要談的太多，更加不能偏題，與題目話題毫不相干。要素之二：ExpressYourOpinion大作文的題目中一般會(huì)問你doyouagreeordisagree或whatdoyouthink等，因此必須與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的在首段中表明你的觀點(diǎn)。方法一：中立觀點(diǎn)（即辯證表達(dá)）。即可以說(shuō)某種做法既有好又有壞；對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)又有人同意又有人不同意等等。說(shuō)明：比較好的表達(dá)如：Ipartlyagreewiththeopinionexpressedabove.不要說(shuō)：somepeopleagreewhileothersdon'ntagree.這可不是中立地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。所謂中立，其實(shí)是辯證的關(guān)系！老外看問題比較辯證，一般不會(huì)一棍子打死。方法二：一邊倒觀點(diǎn)。即直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或不贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)等等。話來(lái)作銜接。說(shuō)明：方法一在考試中用的最多；方法二適中；方法三用的比較少（不表觀點(diǎn)，但必須表明要先分析一下，在最后一段表明觀點(diǎn)）。要素之三：NoExcessiveBackground將理由（即主體段的分論點(diǎn)）寫進(jìn)去，否則主體段就沒內(nèi)容寫了。例如：Schoolsshouldteachchildrensomeacademicsubjectswhichwillbebeneficialtotheirfuturecareers.Therefore,othersubjectssuchasmusicandsportsarenotimportant.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Schoolsareresponsibleprimarilyforteachingstudentsacademicabilitieswhichtheywilluseintheirfuturecareersandthereforesomefeelthatextracurricularactivitiessuchasmusicandsportsareextraneousandshouldnotbeincludedintheircurricula.Theinclusionofsuchactivities,however,isvitaltothecompletedevelopmentofayoungmindandcannotbeabsentfromthescholasticexperience.(63words)說(shuō)明：這個(gè)例子是老外寫的，雖然我提出了要求，但是還是寫長(zhǎng)了，一般第1段的詞數(shù)還是控制在40詞左右為宜！二、結(jié)尾段要點(diǎn)要素之一：RestatementofYourOpinion一下就可以了。但是不能照抄一遍！或者將主體段所闡述的分論點(diǎn)（即ideas）的內(nèi)容總結(jié)一下。但是，千萬(wàn)不要在末段的觀點(diǎn)與全文的觀點(diǎn)矛盾！明確地表達(dá)一下觀點(diǎn)。要素之二：OfferingSolutionsorRecommendations（optional）有時(shí)候雅思題目會(huì)要求考生提供對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象的解決方法、建議等等，這種情況，就按照題目要求在結(jié)尾段分析解決方法或建議等。注：首尾段之間一般有一定的呼應(yīng)，絕對(duì)不能自相矛盾。如：第一段：Manyyearsagotryingtohelppeoplewitheverykindoftroubleleftmewithonesureconviction:incaseaftercasethedifficultycouldhavebeenovercome—ormightneverhavearisen—ifthepeopleinvolvedhadjusttreatedoneanotherwithcommoncourtesy.結(jié)尾段：Intheend,itallcomesdowntohowyouregardpeople—notjustpeopleingeneral,butindividuals.Lifeisfullofminorirritationsandtrialsandinjustices.Theonlyconstant,dailyeffectivesolutionispoliteness—whichisthegoldenruleinaction.說(shuō)明：很明顯尾段沒有重復(fù)首段的內(nèi)容，但內(nèi)容是相聯(lián)系的。雅思大作文如何舉例子論證運(yùn)用具體實(shí)例來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)，一、外顯連接為論據(jù)由forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,as等引出。如：itisundeniablethatmobilephoneshavefacilitatedourlivesinmanydifferentways.Forexample,whenanemergencyoccurs,suchasatrafficaccidentoraviolentcrime,mobilephonescanhelpthevictimstocallthepoliceoranambulanceimmediatelyforhelp.(摘自《最新雅思高分范文》)本例中，forexample引出例子論證“mobilephoneshavefacilitatedourlivesinmanydifferent而后面的suchas則引出emergency的具instanceLike,suchas,take…as等直接名詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞）。由于這些都是基本常識(shí)，這里不再贅述。據(jù)：…isacaseinpoint;…serveasatypicalexample;…canbetakenasanexample;oneexampleisthat…anotheroneisthat等。如：Workingparttimewhenyouarestudyinginuniversityisbeneficialtoyourlife.Imyselfisacaseinor‘myexperiencesserveasatypicalThroughthoseexperiences,Ihavelearnedtobeindependentandresponsible.二、內(nèi)化連接是通過某些特定的詞或者特定的方式給讀者以清晰的層次感，從而使文章信息傳遞更通暢。下面我們來(lái)看一下哪些例證可以省去連接詞，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)化連接。1.人物經(jīng)歷作例子其中的人物可以是名人，ThomasEdisongaveusanexamplethatsuccessonlycomesafterpersistenceandhardwork.也可以是自己的親身經(jīng)歷Irememberthattenyearsagocellphoneswereunusualandseldomseen.人要注意信息的準(zhǔn)確性；如果運(yùn)用自己的親身經(jīng)歷做例子則要注意例子選擇是否典型、有說(shuō)服力。但是無(wú)論怎樣，有人物經(jīng)歷時(shí)，一定會(huì)給人以非常明確的細(xì)節(jié)信息的感覺，所以完全可以省去連接詞。2.數(shù)字信息作例子論證的中心?？磦€(gè)例子：Theworkwasimmense:fillingabouteightylargenotebooks(andwithoutalibrarytohand),Johnsonwrotethedefinitionsofover40,000words,andillustratedtheirmanymeaningswithsome114,000quotationsdrawnfromEnglishwritingoneverysubject,fromtheElizabethanstohisowntime.例子中immense3.專有名詞信息作例子出現(xiàn)。如：Airpollutionisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofgovernmentandcitizenconcernaroundtheglobe.FromMexicoCityandNewYorktoSingaporeandTokyo,newsolutionstothisoldproblemarebeingproposedandimplemented,witheverincreasingspeed.當(dāng)你看到這些地名時(shí)，一定會(huì)想到它們是某一類具有相同性質(zhì)的地域的代表，那么自然也就是’點(diǎn)’信息，而非‘面’信息，從而可以省去連接詞的使用，卻依然保持主次分明。其它諸如期刊雜志名、書名等專有名詞也可以有類似的用法。4.一些小的介詞（短語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)例子如：from…to:Toughenedglassisfoundeverywhere,fromcarsandbusshelterstothewindows,wallsandroofsofthousandsofbuildingsaroundtheworld.再如：including:…..Othersubstanceswerethenintroduced:includingfillers,catalystsandhexa.這里including相當(dāng)于such，like等。雅思大作文的用詞和句法技巧西方人有一句話說(shuō)：Yourbosshasabigvocabularythanyouthatisonegoodreasonwhyyourbossisyourboss.這句話翻譯過來(lái)就是說(shuō)：你老對(duì)一個(gè)人的工作起著決定性作用，而且也是獲得雅思寫作高分最有力的武器之一。（一）詞匯運(yùn)用的層次用詞方面可以分為以下幾個(gè)層次：1.幾個(gè)詞，那么同義詞基本上都是正確的。2.的語(yǔ)義中要用褒義詞，而在否定的語(yǔ)義中要使用貶義詞。3.夠精確的。比如:allocatepartofthefiscalrevenue，allocate是分配，不能用divide來(lái)替換。4.話來(lái)說(shuō)，就是有很多潛規(guī)則。因此，我們要注意培養(yǎng)地道英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，還要注意詞匯的固定搭配。（二）詞匯的變換技巧在寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里有明確的關(guān)于詞匯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):LexicalResource:詞匯資源。它過分堆積華麗的，會(huì)給考官留下華而不實(shí)的感覺。1.使用同義詞進(jìn)行替換官認(rèn)同你的同時(shí)，自然也會(huì)給你高分。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:Schoolteachersusedtobethesourceofinformation.However，somepeoplearguethatteachersarenotasimportantasbeforebecausethereisanincreasingvarietyofinformationresources.Whatisyouropinion?(08年4月24日考題)要對(duì)上面的句子進(jìn)行重新描述，最簡(jiǎn)單的就是用同義詞替換，請(qǐng)看下表：原文argue同義詞替換reasonimportantincreasingvarietybecausecrucial，significantgrowingdiversity，medleyas2.使用各種形式的同根詞進(jìn)行替換技巧。比如寫作中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用到“知道”這個(gè)概念，我們可以用know這個(gè)詞以及它的其他形式和它們的同義詞來(lái)表示“知道”這個(gè)意思。如下所示:know的同義詞appreciateappreh