工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用對(duì)我國低技術(shù)制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的影響研究

工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用對(duì)我國低技術(shù)制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的影響研究摘要：隨著科技的發(fā)展，工業(yè)機(jī)器人在制造業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，然而，這樣的現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)中低技能勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)市場帶來了影響。本文從多角度研究了工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用對(duì)我國低技術(shù)制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的影響，從而為制定相關(guān)政策提供參考。本研究借鑒了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究，并基于我國實(shí)際情況，在深度討論之后，得出了以下結(jié)論：工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用對(duì)我國低技術(shù)制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)帶來了負(fù)面影響，主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：一是直接取代了低技能崗位的人力，使失業(yè)率逐漸上升；二是由于設(shè)備投入較大，造成企業(yè)將投入集中在機(jī)器人上，而忽略培訓(xùn)和晉升低技能人員的渠道，導(dǎo)致了缺乏發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)；三是機(jī)器人的生產(chǎn)效率相較手工生產(chǎn)提高，使得企業(yè)更傾向于使用機(jī)器人而非低技能勞動(dòng)力，從而導(dǎo)致低技能勞動(dòng)力越來越難以獲得就業(yè)。因此，政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管并通過各種途徑發(fā)展低技能勞動(dòng)力的職業(yè)技能，并通過政策引導(dǎo)鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)盡其所能為低技能勞動(dòng)力提供更多的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)吸引外資以增加低技能勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：工業(yè)機(jī)器人，低技術(shù)制造業(yè)，就業(yè)，失業(yè)率，政策

Abstract:Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,industrialrobotsarewidelyusedinmanufacturingindustry,butsuchmoderntechnologyhasbroughtaboutanimpactontheemploymentmarketoflow-skilledlaborintraditionalmanufacturingindustry.Thispaperexplorestheimpactofindustrialrobotapplicationsontheemploymentoflow-skilledlaborinChina'slow-techmanufacturingindustryfrommultipleperspectives,providingareferencefortheformulationofrelevantpolicies.Thisresearchdrawsonrelevantresearchathomeandabroad,andbasedontheactualsituationinChina,afterin-depthdiscussions,thefollowingconclusionsaredrawn:theapplicationofindustrialrobotshasanegativeimpactontheemploymentoflow-skilledlaborinChina'slow-techmanufacturingindustry,whichmainlymanifestsinthefollowingaspects:first,itdirectlyreplacesmanpowerinlow-skilledpositions,leadingtoanincreaseinunemploymentrate;second,duetothelargeamountofequipmentinvestment,enterprisesconcentratetheirinvestmentonrobots,ignoringthechannelsoftrainingandpromotionforlow-skilledpersonnel,resultinginalackofdevelopmentopportunities;third,theproductionefficiencyofrobotscomparedtomanualproductionincreases,makingenterprisesmoreinclinedtouserobotsratherthanlow-skilledlabor,resultinginlow-skilledlaborbecomingincreasinglydifficulttoobtainemployment.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldstrengthensupervisionanddevelopthevocationalskillsoflow-skilledlaborthroughvariousmeans,andguideandencourageenterprisestoprovidemoredevelopmentopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborthroughpolicies,whileattractingforeigninvestmenttoincreaseemploymentopportunitiesforlow-skilledlabor.

Keywords:industrialrobots,low-techmanufacturing,employment,unemploymentrate,policyAsindustrialrobotsbecomemoreprevalentinmanufacturing,concernshavebeenraisedaboutthepotentialimpactonemployment,particularlyforlow-skilledlabor.Whilethereisnodoubtthatautomationwillleadtojoblossinsomeareas,therearealsoopportunitiesforgrowthinotherindustries.

Oneareawherelow-skilledlaborisstillindemandisinlow-techmanufacturing.Theseindustriestypicallyinvolvesimpleandrepetitivetasksthataredifficulttoautomate,makingthemlesssusceptibletothedisplacementcausedbyindustrialrobots.However,thechallengeistocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesinvestmentintheseindustriessothatemploymentopportunitiescancontinuetogrow.

Toaddressthisissue,thegovernmentcanplayaroleinstrengtheningsupervisionandprovidingvocationaltrainingforlow-skilledlabor.Thiscanbedonethroughpartnershipswitheducationalinstitutionsandindustryassociationstoprovidevocationaleducationandtrainingprogramsthataregearedtowardstheneedsoflow-techmanufacturing.

Additionally,thegovernmentcanalsoguideandencourageenterprisestoprovidemoredevelopmentopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborthroughpolicies.Thiscanincludetaxincentives,subsidies,andothermeasuresthatencouragebusinessestoinvestintheirworkforceandprovidetrainingandupskillingopportunities.

Furthermore,attractingforeigninvestmentcanalsoincreaseemploymentopportunitiesforlow-skilledlabor.Bypositioningthecountryasalow-costmanufacturingbasewithareliableworkforce,foreigncompaniescanbeincentivizedtosetupoperationsinthecountry,therebycreatingjobsforthelocalworkforce.

Inconclusion,industrialrobotsaretransformingthemanufacturingsectorandthereareconcernsabouttheimpactonemployment.However,therearestillopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborinlow-techmanufacturing,andthegovernmentcanhelptostrengthentheindustrybyprovidingvocationaltraining,encouragingbusinessinvestment,andattractingforeigninvestment.Bydoingso,thegovernmentcanhelptoreducetheunemploymentrateandcreateopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborinthefutureAsindustrialrobotscontinuetorevolutionizethemanufacturingsector,manypeopleareconcernedabouttheimpactonemployment.AccordingtotheInternationalFederationofRobotics,therewereapproximately2.4millionindustrialrobotsinoperationworldwidein2017,andthisnumberisexpectedtoincreaseto3.1millionby2020.Whilerobotsaremoreefficientatperformingcertaintasksthanhumans,therearestillopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborinlow-techmanufacturing.

Oneexampleofalow-techmanufacturingindustryisthetextileindustry.Whilehigh-techautomatedweavingmachineshavebeendeveloped,therearestillmanyprocessesinthetextileindustrythatrequirehumanlabor,suchascuttingfabric,sewingandassemblingtextiles,andqualitycontrol.Infact,accordingtoareportbytheILO,thetextileandgarmentindustryemploysover300millionpeopleworldwide,manyofwhomarelow-skilledworkers.

Inordertostrengthenthelow-techmanufacturingindustryandcreatemorejobopportunitiesforlow-skilledlabor,thegovernmentcantakeseveralsteps.First,thegovernmentcanprovidevocationaltrainingprogramstohelpworkersacquiretheskillsneededtoworkinlow-techmanufacturing.Theseprogramscanteachworkersskillssuchashowtooperatemachinery,sewing,patternmaking,andqualitycontrol.

Second,thegovernmentcanencouragemorebusinessinvestmentinlow-techmanufacturing.Byprovidingtaxincentives,low-interestloans,orotherfinancialassistancetobusinesses,thegovernmentcanhelptocreatemorejobsinthemanufacturingsector.This,inturn,canhelptoreduceunemploymentandcreatemoreopportunitiesforlow-skilledworkers.

Finally,thegovernmentcanattractmoreforeigninvestmentinthelow-techmanufacturingindustry.Bypromotingtheadvantagesofinvestinginlow-techmanufacturing,suchaslowerlaborcostsandaccesstolargemarkets,thegovernmentcanencourageforeignbusinessestoinvestinthemanufacturingsector.Thiscanhelptocreatemorejobopportunitiesforlow-skilledworkersandstimulateeconomicgrowthinthecountry.

Inconclusion,whileindustrialrobotsaretransformingthemanufacturingsector,therearestillopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborinlow-techmanufacturing.Thegovernmentcanhelptostrengthentheindustryandcreatemorejobopportunitiesbyprovidingvocationaltraining,encouragingbusinessinvestment,andattractingforeigninvestment.Bydoingso,thegovernmentcanhelptoreducetheunemploymentrateandcreateopportunitiesforlow-skilledlaborinthefutureFurthermore,thegovernmentcanalsopromoteandsupportthegrowthofthegigeconomy,whichcanprovideasourceofincomeforlow-skilledworkers.Thegigeconomyreferstoalabormarketcharacterizedbytheprevalenceofshort-termcontractsorfreelancework,oftenfacilitatedbyonlineplatforms.Examplesofgigeconomyrolesincluderide-hailingdrivers,fooddeliveryworkers,andfreelancewriters.Thistypeofworkcanofferflexibility,andmaybeparticularlyattractivetoindividualswhomaynothaveaccesstotraditionalemploymentopportunitiesduetolackofeducationortraining,physicaldisability,orotherfactors.

Tosupportthegrowthofthegigeconomy,thegovernmentcantakestepstoreducebarrierstoentryforworkerswhowanttoparticipate.Thismightincludesimplifyingregistrationprocesses,reducinglicensingrequirements,andprotectingtherightsofworkers.Thegovernmentcanalsopromotegigeconomyjobsbyencouragingbusinessestousetheseplatformstofindworkers,aswellasprovidingresourcestohelpworkersdevelopandmarkettheirskills.

Finally,thegovernmentcansupportlow-skilledworkersbyincreasingaccesstoeducationandtraining.Thismightincludevocationaltrainingprogramsthataretailoredtotheneedsofspecificindustriesorregions,apprenticeshipprogramsthatprovidehands-onexperienceinskilledtrades,andinitiativesthatencouragelifelonglearning.Byinvestingineducationandtraining,thegovernmentcanhelptopreparelow-skilledworkersforthejobsofthefuture,andequipthemwiththeskills