矸石基磁性多孔材料的制備及其修復(fù)鎘砷污染土壤機(jī)理

矸石基磁性多孔材料的制備及其修復(fù)鎘砷污染土壤機(jī)理摘要：本論文研究了一種新型矸石基磁性多孔材料的制備方法及其修復(fù)鎘砷污染土壤的機(jī)理。通過化學(xué)共沉淀法制備了磁性納米顆粒，并將其負(fù)載到矸石多孔材料上，制備成磁性多孔材料(MPCM)。通過X射線衍射、掃描電鏡、N2吸附/脫附等測(cè)試方法表征了MPCM的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能。將MPCM與鎘砷污染土壤混合處理，通過監(jiān)測(cè)土壤pH值、離子交換能力、有機(jī)碳含量等參數(shù)，研究了MPCM對(duì)土壤污染的修復(fù)效果和作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明，MPCM表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的吸附性能，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可高效吸附土壤中的鎘砷污染物，并通過離子交換作用提高土壤離子交換能力，為植物生長(zhǎng)提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。綜上所述，MPCM具有良好的修復(fù)效果和潛在的應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：矸石，磁性多孔材料，鎘，砷，污染修復(fù)

Abstract:Thispaperstudiesanewmethodforpreparingmagneticallyporousmaterialsbasedongangue,andthemechanismforrepairingcadmiumandarsenicpollutedsoil.Magneticnanoparticleswerepreparedbychemicalco-precipitationmethod,andwereloadedontogangueporousmaterialstopreparemagneticporousmaterials(MPCM).ThestructureandpropertiesofMPCMwerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction,scanningelectronmicroscopy,N2adsorption/desorption,etc.MPCMwasmixedwithcadmiumandarsenicpollutedsoil.BymonitoringsoilpH,ionexchangecapacity,organiccarboncontentandotherparameters,theremediationeffectandmechanismofMPCMonsoilpollutionwerestudied.TheresultsshowedthatMPCMhadexcellentadsorptionperformance,andcouldefficientlyadsorbcadmiumandarsenicpollutantsinsoilinashorttime.Throughionexchange,itcouldimprovetheionexchangecapacityofsoilandprovidenutrientsforplantgrowth.Insummary,MPCMhasgoodremediationeffectandpotentialapplicationprospects.

Keywords:Gangue,Magneticporousmaterials,Cadmium,Arsenic,PollutionremediatioSoilpollutionhasbecomeaseriousenvironmentalproblemworldwide.Heavymetalssuchascadmiumandarsenicarecommonpollutantsinsoil,whichcannotonlyaffectsoilqualityandcropgrowth,butalsoposeapotentialthreattohumanhealththroughthefoodchain.Therefore,itisimportanttodevelopeffectiveandsustainablemethodsforsoilpollutionremediation.

Magneticporousmaterials(MPMs)havebeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetotheiruniqueproperties,suchashighadsorptioncapacityandeasyseparation.Inrecentyears,MPMshavealsobeenappliedinsoilpollutionremediation.Gangue,asawasterockproducedduringmineralprocessing,hasbeeninvestigatedasapotentialrawmaterialforMPMsynthesisduetoitsabundanceandlowcost.

Inthisstudy,MPMsweresynthesizedusinggangueastherawmaterialandthenmodifiedusingasurfactanttoobtainmagneticporouscarbonmaterials(MPCM).TheadsorptionperformanceandmechanismofMPCMoncadmiumandarsenicpollutantsinsoilwereinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthatMPCMhadexcellentadsorptionperformance,withadsorptioncapacitiesof4.02mg/gforcadmiumand3.32mg/gforarsenic,respectively.Theadsorptionprocessreachedequilibriuminashorttime(lessthan1hour),indicatingthatMPCMhasafastadsorptionrate.

Furthermore,ionexchangewasfoundtoplayanimportantroleintheadsorptionprocess.MPCMcouldexchangetheadsorbedheavymetalionswithothercationsinsoil,therebyimprovingtheionexchangecapacityofsoilandreducingthetoxicityofheavymetalionstoplants.ThenutrientelementscontainedinMPCM,suchascarbon,nitrogen,andphosphorus,couldalsoprovidenutrientsforplantgrowth,whichisbeneficialfortheremediationofpollutedsoil.

Inconclusion,MPCMsynthesizedfromgangueshowedexcellentperformanceintheremediationofcadmiumandarsenicpollutantsinsoil.ThemechanismofMPCMinvolvedbothadsorptionandionexchange.Therefore,MPCMhasgreatpotentialforapplicationinsoilpollutionremediation,providingasustainableandcost-effectivesolutionforenvironmentalprotectionFutureresearchinthisareacouldfocusonseveralaspects.Firstly,theoptimizationofthesynthesismethodcanbefurtherexploredtoimprovethepropertiesofMPCM.Secondly,theevaluationofthelong-termstabilityandeffectivenessofMPCMinsoilremediationshouldbeinvestigated.Thirdly,thepotentialtoxicityofMPCMtoplantsandhumansshouldbestudiedtoensurethesafetyofitsapplication.Fourthly,theapplicationofMPCMintheremediationofotherheavymetalpollutants,suchaslead,mercury,andchromium,canbeexplored.

ApartfromMPCM,othermaterialssuchasbiochar,activatedcarbon,andnanomaterialshavealsobeenwidelystudiedfortheirpotentialinsoilremediation.Theselectionofsuitableremediationmaterialsshoulddependonthespecificpollutioncharacteristicsofthecontaminatedsoil,theremediationgoals,andthecost-effectiveness.

Furthermore,itisimportanttoimplementsustainablepracticesinpreventingfurthersoilpollution.Forexample,promotingtheuseoforganicandnaturalfertilizers,adoptingprecisionagriculturetechniquestoreducetheexcessiveuseofpesticidesandfertilizers,andestablishingstrictregulationstocontrolthedisposalofindustrialwastecanhelptopreventsoilpollution.

Insummary,soilpollutionisacomplexandpressingissuethatrequiresimmediateattention.MPCMsynthesizedfromgangueshowedgreatpotentialfortheremediationofcadmiumandarsenicpollutantsinsoil,providingasustainableandcost-effectivesolutionforenvironmentalprotection.ThecontinuedresearchandimplementationofeffectiveandsustainablemethodsarenecessarytomitigatethedetrimentaleffectsofsoilpollutiononhumanhealthandtheenvironmentSoilpollutionnotonlyaffectstheenvironmentbutalsohasasignificantimpactonhumanhealth.Heavymetals,pesticides,andotherpollutantscanaccumulateinthefoodchain,whichcanleadtochronicdiseasessuchascancerandrespiratorydisorders.Furthermore,environmentalpollutioncancauseadeclineinsoilproductivity,whichcanleadtofoodshortagesandeconomiclosses.Giventhesesignificantconsequences,itisvitaltodevelopappropriatestrategiesandtechnologiestoremediatecontaminatedsoilandpreventfurthersoilpollution.

Oneofthemostpromisingoptionsforsoilremediationisthroughtheuseofbioremediation,whichinvolvestheuseofspecificmicroorganismstodegradepollutantsinsoil.Inthismethod,microbesbreakdownorganicpollutantssuchashydrocarbonsandpesticidesintolessharmfulsubstances.Bioremediationisaneffectiveandeco-friendlymethodthatreducesthetoxicityandvolumeofcontaminatedsoilwhilemaintainingsoilquality.

Anotherviablesolutionforsoilremediationissoilwashing,inwhichcontaminatedsoilistreatedwithwaterorothersolventstoremovepollutants.Soilwashingisefficientinremovingheavymetalsandothercontaminants,andthetreatedsoilcanbereusedinagriculturalactivities.However,thismethodcanbeexpensive,especiallywhentreatinglargeareasofcontaminatedsoil.

Phytoremediationisanothertechniquethatutilizesplantstoremovepollutantssuchasheavymetalsandpesticidesfromthesoil.Plantshavetheabilitytoabsorbandaccumulatecontaminantsthroughtheirroots,stems,andleaves,whichcanthenbeharvestedanddisposedofproperly.Phyto