高考英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式知識點(diǎn)

高考英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式用法精講不定式1．作主語不定式作主語常見的是it作形式主語，放在句首，將真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）放在句子后面。It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.2．作賓語Ifinditinterestingtostudyhistory.1.直接作賓語句型：動(dòng)詞（vt）+todo解讀：直接跟在一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面作賓語。這時(shí)句子有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：第一：句子的主語和不定式的邏輯主語是一致的，不定式的語態(tài)需看與句子主語的關(guān)系。第二：這時(shí)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞多是描寫態(tài)度；不定式動(dòng)作則說明行為。經(jīng)典例句：1)Nobodywantstobelaughedat.2)Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.經(jīng)典例題：1.Idon'twant____likeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat2.句型：某些及物動(dòng)詞+連詞+todo解讀：在一些動(dòng)詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what,who,which）或連接副詞（how,when,where）及連詞whether后面接一個(gè)帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞有：ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.經(jīng)典例句：1)Iwonderwhotoinvite.2)Showuswhattodo.3)Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考點(diǎn)解讀：①不定式的語態(tài)：必須用主動(dòng)形式，此時(shí)易誤選為被動(dòng)形式。②當(dāng)連接詞為代詞時(shí)，不定式為及物動(dòng)詞，且其后不加賓語。經(jīng)典例題：1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican’tdecided________.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had3．不定式作賓語后置：如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，構(gòu)成句型“動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+賓語todo”。經(jīng)典例句：Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我覺得很難一下子回答這個(gè)問題。Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.經(jīng)典例題：1.Usingmanysymbolsmakes______toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible2.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全國卷1)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.(2006湖南卷)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it4.I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006山東卷)A.thatB.itC.thisD.you5.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010遼寧卷33)A.soB.muchC.thatD.it6.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.（2011山東卷）A.itB.themC.herD.that7.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.【2012四川】A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語Heaskedmetoworkwithhim.4．作定語作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Haveyouanythingtosend？(不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent？(不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)5．作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(結(jié)果)句型1：形容詞+todo（語言山表述為：形容詞后面的動(dòng)詞不定式）解讀1：該形容詞為表示動(dòng)作特點(diǎn)的形容詞時(shí)，一般做兩種成分：表語和賓補(bǔ)★當(dāng)該形容詞作表語時(shí)，句子主語和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。★當(dāng)該形容詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，句子賓語和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。經(jīng)典例句：1)Sheisverynicetotalkto.2)Maryiseasytogetonwith.3)IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.4)IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.★此句型三大考點(diǎn)①不定式動(dòng)詞一般不用被動(dòng)形式：（最容易出錯(cuò)）②不定式后不能再加賓語：③不定式動(dòng)詞所帶的介詞不能省略：經(jīng)典例題：1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.（2011安徽卷）A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak2.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012遼寧】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperated解讀2：在本句型中，如果形容詞是表示人的性格特征（如：brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind,等）或情緒感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的詞。句子主語或賓語和不定式動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.經(jīng)典例句：1)Hewaskindtohelpus.2)Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.3)Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.經(jīng)典例題：1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.【2012全國卷II】A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed3.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010遼寧卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound4.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.（2011福建卷）A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold句型2：不定式作目的狀語，可構(gòu)成句型：Todo/Inordertodosth,主語+謂語或主語+謂語+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.經(jīng)典例句：1.Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]2.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.3.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.4.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.5.Iwenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.經(jīng)典解讀：1.soasto一般不用在句首。但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。2.目的狀語放在句首時(shí)，和句子之間要有“，”間隔；當(dāng)目的狀語位于句末時(shí)，和句子之間不可以有“，”間隔。3.不定式的語態(tài)：看與句子主語的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)——todo；被動(dòng)——tobedone。經(jīng)典例題：1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.(2007江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.(2007上海春)A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.Havingensured.D.Tohaveensured3.,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009遼寧卷)A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner句型3作結(jié)果狀語，可構(gòu)成句型：主+謂（，）onlytodo。指意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果，結(jié)果狀語必須放在句末。經(jīng)典例句：1)Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.2)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.他們搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳注意：分詞作結(jié)果狀語，一般表示意料之中的結(jié)果。如：1)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.2)Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.經(jīng)典例題：1..Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.(2005遼寧卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006陜西卷)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told3.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.【2012山東】A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told4.Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,____________hiswifeveryangry.A.makeB.onlytomakeC.makingD.made句型4:sbseem/appear/pretend…+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解讀：本句型中關(guān)鍵是判斷不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已經(jīng)做了；todo要去做。經(jīng)典例句：1)Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork.2)Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentspretendedtobestudying.3)Theoldmanappearedtobeasleep.經(jīng)典例題：1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen__________,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard2.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_______tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming3.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(2011上海卷)A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost句型5sthbesaid/reported/believed/thought/considered+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解讀：1)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中主語必須是sth或sb，不能是形式主語it，動(dòng)詞后必須用不定式，不能用that從句。2)此結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)鍵是判斷不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：語態(tài)判斷與句子主語的關(guān)系；時(shí)態(tài)：Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已經(jīng)做了；todo要去做。經(jīng)典例句:1)Manyofhisbooksaresaidtohavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.2)ZhanghuaissaidtogotoAmericatomorrow,whichmadehisparentsveryproud.經(jīng)典例題：1.—IsBobstillperforming?(2005江蘇卷)—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficialA.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft2.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported___theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(07遼寧)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break3.Itisreportedthat