1世界五百強中國企業(yè)名稱漢譯英研究

=2\*ROMANII-IIntroductionAStudyonC-ETranslationofChineseCompanyNamesintheFortuneGlobal500isastudyoftheinfluenceofEnglishnametranslationontheentryofChineselargemultinationalcompaniesintotheglobalmarket,throughthestudyoftheinfluenceofthechangeoftheEnglishnametranslationonthedevelopmentofthecompany'sbusiness.AproperEnglishnameshouldplayaveryimportantroleintheglobalmarket.Providereferencefortheworld'stopfivehundredcompaniestoentertheglobalmarket.C-ETranslationofChineseCompanyNamesintheFortuneGlobal500isnotonlyaboutC-Etranslation,butalsoaboutlinguisticsandestheticsandmanyotherdifferentsubject.therefore,anappropriateandelegantEnglishnameisnotsomethinguncomplicated.SomeonewhotakeanEnglishnamefortheChinesetransnationalcorporationsmustbeerudite.Withthedeepeningofeconomicglobalization,ChineseenterprisesareincreasinglydemandingonEnglishnamesbecausetheyneedtobreakintotheEnglish-speakingmarket.andtheymustbeintegratedintotheforeignculturalatmosphere.HavingaproperandelegantEnglishnameisthefirststepineverything.Aftermorethan30yearsofreformandopeningup,China'srapideconomicdevelopmentrequiresthecontinuousriseofChineseenterprisestodoagoodjobofcorporateimagepublicity.thecompany'sEnglishnameisveryimportanttopromotetheirideasandculture.Asaresult,ChinesecompanieshaveanendlessstreamofEnglishnames.theresearchontheC-Etranslationofthecompanyisalsoincreasing.DuetothespecificobjectChineseenterprise.Therefore,theresearchinthisfieldismainlydonebydomesticscholarsonthebasisofskopostheory,translationcriticismtheoryandCross-Culturaltheory.ThescholarsfocusontheanalysisoftheerrorsintheC-EtranslationnamesofChinesecompaniesinsomeregionsandindustries.ThealphabltandphonemearethebestelementstodealwiththeC-Etranslationintheprocess.BacktranslationisagoodwaytothequalityofthetranslatedChinesename,tocomplywiththeprincipleof"informationequivalence".thesestudiesareuseful,buttheproblemisalsoobvious.orputforwardthebasicprinciples,caseanalysisisnotenough.thereisnoclearcriteriafortheselectionofthecorpus,thereisnochoiceofwell-knownenterprisesintheindustry.orfocusonerroranalysis,nocomprehensiveassessmentoftheprogressoftranslationequivalence.inviewofthis,thispaperisbasedonthepreviousstudiesontheC-EtranslationofChina’stransnationalenterprises.BasedonEugeneNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheory,In2017,China'stop500companiesinthelistoftop500companiesinChinanewsnetworkwereselectedastheresearchmaterials.takethemethodsofqualitativeanalysis,tomakecontrastiveanalysisofChineseandEnglishcompany’sEnglishnames,Summedupthefunctionalequivalenceofthecorpusinthreeaspects:vocabulary,syntaxanddiscourse.Atthesametime,Ialsomakesastudyonthetranslationofcultureloadedwords,companyslogansandthenamesofawardstoproposeamendments.Onthelexicallevel,weshouldcorrectlyanalyzethedifferencesofreferentialmeaningandtheassociativemeaningofculturalcontext,achievefunctionalequivalence.theunequivalentsituationofChineseandEnglishnamesstillexists.mainlyindealingwithculturalloadedwords,companysloganandcompanynames.thereiserrorofunderstanding,donotrefertoauthoritativeofficialdocuments,andfailuretocomplywiththebasicrulesoflanguage.Thesignificanceofthisstudyismainlyreflectedintwoaspects.Firstofall,throughtheintroductionofthetranslationstrategiesoftheChineseenterprisesintop500hundred.toacertainextent,itenrichestheresearchcorpus.secondly,throughsomeexampleanalysis.helpChinesecompaniestoimprovethequalityofC-Enames.Improvetheeffectivenessofforeignmarketpromotion.EnhancecorporateimageandevenChina'snationalimage.Infact,therearemoreandmoreChinesecompaniesgoingtobreakintotheforeignmarkets.thismeansthattheyneedtothinktheirEnglishnamesoverandoveragain.itmayseemsthatit’sveryeasyanduncomplicatedtogetanEnglishname.butthenameisforanworldfivehundredcompany.thissituationmakeseverythingmorecomplex.wecannotjusttranslateChineseintoEnglish.itmustbebrief,phonologicalbeautiful,easyunderstanding,symbolic,richinmeaningandhavemanyotherdifferentcharacteristics.Whatismoreimportantisthatwearegoingtoexendourstudyintocultureresearch,somethingpotentiallyandprofoundlyaffectingtheuseofEnglishnamesunderspecialcircumstances,suchasdifferentmothertongues,complexlanguageenvironment,particularculturalatmosphere,taboosandmanyothervariousandcomplicatedcircumstances.Asaresultofthis,ourresearchisreallyimportantandinfluentialfortheChinesecompaniesinthefortuneglobal500iftheywanttobreakintotheforeignmarkets.BecauseourresearchstartsfromallaspectsofEnglishnameselection.evenwhoareunfamilierwithEnglishcangetangreatEnglishnameforChinesecompaniesinthefortuneglobal500easily.Inasense,itcanberegardedasthetextbookofC-EtranslationforChinesecompaniesinthefortuneglobal500.ThisthesisresearchmainlyfromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheoryandfunctionaltheory.butthereisnodirectexpressionofthesetwotheories.Allofthesetwotheoriesareembodiedintheframeworkofthewholethesis,Onlyacomprehensiveunderstandingofthewholetextcanunderstandtheexistenceofthetheories.Theoreticalresearchisnotthepurpose.Asmentionedabove,toguidetheworld'stopfivehundredenterprisesinChinaandrichEnglishnametranslationresearchmaterialsarethefundamentalpurposes.Asanexactingandprofoundlythesis,giveexamples,introducequestions,studyproblems,proposesolution,demonstrateschemes,andcometoaconclusionarethemajorparts.AllofthesestepsaremeanttoshowthewholeprocessclearlyandaccuratelyinordertoenablereaderstohaveacomprehensiveandprofoundunderstandingoftheEnglishtranslationofthetopfivehundredcompaniesinChina.Althoughtherearemanysimilartopicsandtypesofresearch,IthinktheresearchontheEnglishtranslationofthetopfivehundredcompaniesinChinaisfarfromenough.Thisstudyonc-etranslationofChinesecompaniesinthefortuneglobal500aimstosolveallkindsofcomplexproblemsinvolved.Therefore,itisbothforward-lookingandunique.andinstructive.Thispaperalsoshowstheisolationoflanguageandculturefrommanyaspects.Thisisanotherfeatureofthispaper,ItenrichestheresearchdirectionofEnglishtranslationforlaterresearchers.Englishnametranslationmustbecombinedwithculturalstudiesinordertoachievethehighestlevel.SimplytranslatingChinesenamesintoEnglishisoftenunsatisfactory,thetranslationofEnglishnamesfromasingledirectionwilloccursuchproblems.Englishnametranslationisoftenthemostcomplex，notthatitneedstoconsumetoomuchenergyandtime,butitisverydifficulttotranslatetheEnglishnamewellortobethebest.TheperfecttranslationofEnglishnamesneedtorefertothestudyofvariousfactors,thisisnotsuitableforthetranslationwhichisnothighdemanding.It'slikemoviesandTVshows,filmrequiressophisticatedintegration,theTVshowisdragging.TheEnglishnametranslationneedstoshowmoreessenceinlimitedcontent.ThisdeterminesthecomplexityofEnglishnametranslation-it'shardtotranslatefaultlessly.Therefore,theresearchworkofthispaperwillbeofgreatsignificance.Infact,hefirstdirection,manyexamplesaregiventoshowtheinfluenceandcharacteristicsofEnglishnametranslation.ItincludestheinfluenceofdifferentEnglishnamesonthedevelopmentspeedofthetopfivehundredcompaniesintheworld.Thisisthemostdirectmanifestationoftheimpactofannearperfectenglishnametothedevelopmentofaworldfivehundredcompanies.ThefollowingisastudyofthecharacteristicsofChineseEnglishtranslationoftheworld'stopfivehundredcompaniesindifferentindustries.Thisisoneofthemostintuitivefeatures.Inaddition,italsotalksaboutthecharacteristicsoftheEnglishtranslationofthetopfivehundredcompaniesindifferentcountries.ThestudyaboutcharacteristicsofEnglishnametranslationintheworldtopfivehundredenterprisesisanadditionalreference.Finally,wewilldiscussthetranslationcharacteristicsofChineseenterprisesintheworld'stopfivehundredwithdifferentcorporatecultures.Thispartleadstothefollowingstudy.Inthesecondmainpartwhichisthemostimportantresearchpartofthisthesis.Fromtheculturalpointofview,thispartanalyzestheproblemsthatshouldbepaidattentiontointhetranslationofEnglishnamesoftheworld'stopfivehundredenterprises.Becauseitistoentertheforeignmarket.therefore,itisnecessarytoexplorefromtheperspectiveofthetargetcountry.Atthattime,theculturalcharacteristicsofthecountryhasbecomethefocusofthestudyoftheEnglishtranslationoftheworld'stopfivehundredcompanies.Firstofall.ittalksaboutthecharacteristicsofanearperfectEnglishnametendtohave.Secondly,whetherusethesameEnglishnameinallmarketsisreallyaquestionworthpondering.Next.it’SabouttheinfluenceofthechoiceofEnglishnamesoffivehundredChinesecompanieswithdifferentmothertongues,thisiseasilyconfusedwiththeargumentsabove.butthisisanewresearchcontent，shouldbeincludedinthescopeofCulturalStudies.Thereareanotherthreepartsaboutcultureresearchwhicharereallyimportanttothisthesis.theywillbecarefullystudiedandexpoundedInthenextarticle.Lastbutnottheleast.ThissectionwillsummarizealltheresearchcontentwhichmeansthatitwilltellusasuitableandelegantbusinessEnglishnamecandeterminewhetheraChinesetopfivehundredcompaniescansuccessfullyentertheforeignmarket.Finally,summarizethecontentsofthewholepaper.

ⅡTranslationTheoryThischapterdescribesthetranslationtheoryofthestudyoftheEnglishtranslationforthetopfivehundredChineseenterprisesfromthewholeresearchfield.2.1SkoposTheory.SkoposisGreek，Themostimportantfactorintheprocessoftranslationisthepurposeofthewholetranslation.theterm"Skopos"isoftenusedtorefertothepurposeofatranslation.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsdeterminingthepurposeoftranslationisthereceiver,therecipientofthetranslation.2.2TranbslationTheoryOfYanFuC-EtranslationOfChineseCompanyInTheFortuneGlobal500isakindofspecialnametranslationbecauseitisatranslationwithinaspecificrange.Itcontainsalotofnewandimportantresearchfield.ThiskindofresearchbeginswiththeglobalizationofChineseenterprisesintheearlytwenty-firstCentury.Therewillbeasignofprosperityinthenexttenyears.Therefore,theresearchinthisareahasagreaterprospect.Returntotranslation,C-EtranslationofChinesecompanyinthefortuneglobal500,stillcannotbeperfectlyfinishedinonerespect.weneedtogiveitacomprehensiveconsiderationwhichhaven’tbeennoticedbyresearchersbefore.evenso,westillneedtoreviewthetranslationtheoriesofgreattranslators,giveusawiderangeofreferenceforourstudy.Morethanonehundredyearsagoin1897inthereignoftheQingDhisyear,YanFu,thechiefteacherofBeiYangNavywhotranslatedandpublishedthetheoryofnatureselection.Thepublicationofthisbookhasgreatrealisticandhistoricalmeaning.Butwhathedidnotexpectwasthewords“FaithfulnessExpressivenessandElegance”madehimbeenpraisedanddisparagedintheintroductoryremarks,notthebookitself.fromthattime,histheoryof“Faithfulness,ExpressivenessandElegance”hadalwaysbeenmentionedifthereweresometranslationtheorystudiesgottherecentChina’shistoryinvolved.Certainly,substantialdivergencesexistabouttheargumentofhistranslationtheory.Mr.LuoXingzhang,whoadmitsYanFu’stheoryhassaidthatthistheorycanbeusedthroughoutthetranslationfield.YuDafu,asanauthorandtranslatorregardYanFu’stheoryasthegoldenruleandpreciousprecept.SomeonewhoaredisguestedwithYanFu‘s“FaithfulnessExpressivenessAndElegance”theorybelieveit’sconfusinginformulationandharmfulwhenit’sbeenobeyed.Butthroughacenturyofchallenges,“FaithfulnessExpressivenessAndElegance”isstillacceptedbytranslators,evendisplaysitspowerfulvitality.thepredecessorintranslationfield,ZhouXiliang,saidthathistoryhasproved“FaithfulnessExpressivenessAndElegance”throeyhasaguidingfunctionforourcountry’stranslationworkfor80years.Stillhasitsvitality.Manyscholarshaveputforwardalotofdifferenttranslationprinciples,butnoneofthemcancompletelyreplaceit.Comparewiththetranslatologysubject,thesetreewordsinanycasealwaysseemtobetoothin,toogeneral.However.whatmakesitcannotbedisplaced.Firstofall,thisisdeterminedbythecharacteristicsoftheChineselanguage.ShenXiaolong,aculturallinguist,pointsoutthatChinesesentencesarebothrealandwindy.Aslongascanseewhat’sthewords’meaning,thenIomitthedetailswhileothers

makeitcircumstantial,westillcanunderstandthemeaningofthesetences.Infact,Simplethreewords“FaithfulnessExpressivenessandElegance”withthiskindofadvantageoftheChineselanguage.YanFubelievesthatifwecannotreachthemeaningof“faithfulness”,thetranslationitselfwillbeunsuccessful,whatalsomakes“expressiveness”hardtoreach.and“expressiveness”isalmosttranslation.whathewanttoconveyisthat“expressiveness”canshowthemeaningoftext,but“faithfulness”and“elegance”issomethingmakesthetextmorecompleteorvivid.Besides,thesethreewordsrestrictandreplenisheachotherasawhole.Someofthelatertanslatorssplitthesethreewodswhichshouldbeasawholecompletely,thenfoundsomethingtheycalledloophole.Forexample,thefollowingtheorythinkthesethreeconceptscannotnotexistsimultaneouslyinlogic.theythinkthat“faithfulness”isrestrictedbytheoriginaltext,butexpressivenessandeleganceisnot.Behonest,thoughthesetreeconceptsaretosomeextentcontradictorywitheachotherinlogic,it’sthereflectofthetranslator’splight,heshouldbefaithfultotheoriginaltextandsimultaneouslyexerthiscreativity.What’smore,the“Faithfulness,ExpresssivenessanElegance”translationtheoryhaveastronggenerality.andtakeastepback,theorderofthesethreewordsisprettyappropriate,primaryandsecondary.Fairtosay,YanFudidn’tpropose“FaithfulnessExpressivenessandElegance”tosetupsomekindofcriterionorprinciple.Hejustwrotedownthetemporaryfeelingsinhistranslation.thatmeansitsjustthereflectofYanFu’ssentiment,nosencetoaccusehimeventherearesomeotherobjections.Inmyopinion.the“Faithfulness,ExpresssivenessanElegance”translationissomethinglikereference.thereisnorightandwrongwhenwerefertoit.Whenwearetranslatingsomething,thetheorygivesagoodsummaryofthestandardsweneedtomeet,noneedtoachieveallthethreewordsatthesametime.Inoneepsiodeof"Cheers",Cliffisseatedatthebardescribingthe

Buffalo

Theorytohisbuddy

Norm.Hereitis,foryour

enjoyment"Well,youseeNorm,it'slikethis...A

herdofbuffalocanonlymoveasfastastheslowestbuffalo.Andwhentheheardishunted,itisthelowestandweakestonesatthebackthatarekilledfirst.Thisnaturalselectionisgoodfortheherdasawhole,becausethegeneralspeedandhealthofthewholegroupkeepsimprovingbytheregular

killing

oftheweakestmembers.Inmuchthesameway,thehumanbraincanonlyoperateasfastastheslowestbraincells.Now,asweknow,excessive

intake

ofalcoholkillsbraincells.Butnaturally,itattackstheslowestandweakestbraincellsfirst.Inthisway,regularconsumptionofbeereliminatestheweakerbraincells,makingthebrainafasterandmoreefficientmachine.Andthat,Norm,iswhyyoualwaysfeelsmarterafterafewbeers."LOLtheory

isthetheorythattheinternet

phrase

lolcanbeplacedatanypartofasentenceandmakethesentenceloseallcredibiltyandseriousnessallatonce.CPPCCmemberTangJin,anationalpolitical

adviser

fromcentralHubeiprovince,saidasthecountryincreasinglyinteractswiththeinternationalcommunity,theproblemofbadlytranslatedsignsbecomesofmountingimportance.Shesaidawkwardandincorrecttranslationsarecommoninmanyareasacrossthecountry.Tanggaveexamplesshehasseenwhiletravelingaroundthecountry.Areceptiondesk,orzongtaiinChinese,waswronglytranslatedas"totaldesk"andexit,orchukouinChinese,wasincorrectlytranslatedas"export".Shesaidcorrecttranslationisasignofanation'scultural

capability

andtheproblemshouldbetakenseriouslyatgovernmentlevel.Tangsuggestedthatgovernmentdepartmentsofferfinancialandpersonnelsupporttocreateastandardmanualofpublicsigntranslationsandpromoteitacrossthecountry.Chinahasalreadylearnt

costly

lessonsfromthecasualuseofEnglish.Beyondconfusingpublicdirectories,and

hilarious-orsickening-renditionsofrestaurantmenus,thelackofaccuracyinbusinessdocumentshasbecomethelateststumblingblocktothesaleofChina'shigh-speedtrains,somethingthecountryismostproudofandeagertosellaroundtheworld.ZhangMinyu,vice-generalmanagerofoverseasmarketwithCSRZhuzhouElectricLocomotiveCo.,toldChinaEconomicWeeklylatelastyearthatthecompanywasonce"onestepawayfromwinningabidinnorthEuropein2012"butfinallylostthecontractduetoanerrorintranslationoftheconstructionplan.Thistheoremcannowbesupportedbyamathematicalequationbasedonthefollowingtwopostulates1:Aseveryengineerknows:Power=Work/Time.Since:Knowledge=PowerTime=MoneyKnowledge=Work/Money.SolvingforMoney,weget:Money=Work/Knowledge.Thus,asKnowledgeapproacheszero,Moneyapproaches

infinity,regardlessoftheamountofworkdone.Conclusion:Thelessyouknow,themoreyoumake.Ibelieveinthe50-percenttheory.Halfthetimethingsarebetterthannormal;theotherhalf,theyareworse.Ibelievelifeisa

pendulumswing.Ittakestimeandexperiencetounderstandwhatnormalis,andthatgivesmetheperspectivetodealwiththesurprisesofthefuture.Let'sbenchmarkthe

parameters:Yes,Iwilldie.I'vedealtwiththedeathsofbothparents,abestfriend,abelovedbossandcherishedpets.Someofthesedeathshavebeenviolent,beforemyeyes,orslowand

agonizing.Badstuff,anditbelongsatthebottomofthescale.Thentherearethosehighpoints:romanceandmarriagetotherightperson;havingachildanddoingthoseDadthingslikecoachingmyson'sbaseballteam,paddlingaroundthe

creekintheboatwhilehe'sswimmingwiththedogs,discoveringhis

compassion

sodeepitmanifestseveninhiskindnessto

snails,hisimaginationsovividhebuildsaspaceshipfromascattered

pileofLegos.Butthereisavastmeadowoflifeinthemiddle,wherethebadandthegoodflip-flopacrobatically.Thisiswhatconvincesmetobelieveinthe50-percenttheory.OnespringIplantedcorntooearlyinabottomlandsoflood-pronethatneighborslaughed.Ifeltchagrinedatthewastedeffort.Summerturned

brutal--theworstheatwaveanddroughtinmylifetime.Theair-conditionerdied,thewellwentdry,themarriageended,thejoblost,themoneygone.Iwasliving

lyrics

fromacountry

tune

--musicI

loathed.OnlyasurgingKansasCityRoyalsteam,boundfortheirfirstWorldSeries,

buoyed

myspirits.Lookingbackonthathorriblesummer,Isoonunderstoodthatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebad.Worsethannormalwouldn'tlastlong.Iamowedand

savorthehalcyon

times.They

reinvigorate

meforthenextnastysurpriseandofferassurancethatIcanthrive.The50percenttheoryevenhelpsmeseehopebeyondmyRoyals'recent

slump,afieldofstrugglingrookiessownsothatsomeyearsoonwecanreapanOctoberharvest.Oh,yeah,thecorncrop?Forthatone

blistering

summer,thegroundmoisturewasjustright,plantingearlyallowed

pollination

beforeheat

withered

thetops,andthelackofrainsparedthe

standing

cornfromfloods.Thatwintermycrib

overflowed22

withcorn--fat,healthythree-to-a-stalkearsfilledwith

kernels

fromheeltotip--whilemyneighbors'fieldsyieldedonlybrown,emptyhusks.Althoughplantingspastmayhavefallenbelowthe50-percentexpectation,andtheyprobablywillagaininthefuture,Iamstillsustainedbythecropthatflourishesduringthedrought.Localauthoritieshavestartedofferingthetranslationservicesafteraboominforeignvisitors,manyofwhomhavelittleknowledgeofJapanese,TheJapanTimeswebsitereports.Insomeareasthehotlinesareaccessedbystaffinhotels,car

rental

companiesorrestaurantstodeciphertourists'

queries,butothersenablevisitorstocontactacallcentredirectlybyeachotherinthisparticularsituation.

ThenumberofinternationalvisitorsarrivinginJapanhassoaredinrecentmonths.InAugust,anestimated1.82millionforeigntouristsenteredthecountry,a64%increaseonthepreviousyear,accordingtofiguresfromtheJapanNationalTourism

Organisation.Localauthoritieshavepartneredwithprivatecompanieswhichrunthecallcentres,andstaffcanhelppeoplewitheverythingfromfindingadoctorwhospeaksaparticularlanguage,tonegotiatingadealinasouvenirshop.Onecompanyhas13languagesavailable,includingRussianandIndonesian."Inthecaseofhotels,guestsoftenasksimplequestionssuchaswhattimeisbreakfastordinner,"saysToshiharuKimura,aspokesmanforShigaPrefecture.Theyalsooftenaskhowtosendbaggagehome.Inthesouthern

SagaPrefecture,thegovernmenthaslaunchedasmartphoneapptoconnecttouristsdirectlytoanoperator,whocananswerqueriesorcontactlocalservicesonatourist'sbehalf.AspokeswomanfortheSagaTourism

Federationsays:"We'vegottenthefiredepartmentandthepoliceonboardaswell,soyoucanusetheserviceforhelpifyouareinvolvedinatrafficaccidentinarentedcaroryouneedurgentmedicalhelp."Therearealotofresearchoftranslationtheoryindifferentareaswhichcangivealotofenlightenmenttous,inspiteofdifferenttypesofexplorationtheyrelateto.thefindingaidforFranzRosenzweig’sTeilnachlassembodiesthepromiseaswellasmanyofthequestionsandanxietiesthatthedigtialhumanitiesincreasinglybringtothefieldofGermanstudies.Ostensibly,thedocumentisathirty-sixlistoflettersanddocumentsinRosenzweig’sarchivehousedattheUniversityofKassel’slibrary,theircataloguenumbers,authors,recipients,dates,andplacesofcomposition.theaidassistsstaffandresearcherssortthroughthenearlyonethousanddocumentsleftbythepreeminentGerman-Jerishphilosopher,theologian,andTranslatorFranzRosenzweig(1886-1929)andsoldtotheUniversityin2006.Ontheonehand.thefindingaid’sdigtialpotentialliesinthewealthofmetadatathatitcontains.Suchmetadata,andthedocumentstheydescribe,notonlylendthemselvestodatavisualizationthroughdigtialnetworkandgeospatialmappingtools,ButalsoindicatenewinroadstounderstandRosenzweigmorecomprehensivelyasaseminalyetoftenunderestimatedmordenistintellectual,aswellasmanyofhisearly-twentiethcenturyJewishandChristianpeers,includingMartainBuber,ErnstSimon,RudolfEhrenberg,andEugenRosenstock.Ontheotherhand,thefindingaidanditsdigtialmanipulationmaybeacauseofapprehensionandanxietyforsomescholars,nottheleastbecauseworkingwiththisrelativelyinaccessiblePDFentailsconsiderabletime,conversion,andtranslation.Yetifworkingwiththefingingaidisamatteroftranslationandconversion,thenRosenzweig’slifeandworkprovidenotonlyidealmaterialfordigitalscholarship,butalsoinsightintohowonecanabestproceedwithsuchanintervention:in1913,RosenzweignearlyconvertedtoChristianityand,after1924,publishedextensivelyontranslation.indeed,histheoryoftranslation,whichcallsforradicallinguisticfidelitytotheoriginal,offersauniqueopportunitytoreflectonthedeepertransformations,whichtakeplaceinthedigitalhumanitieswhichoftenglossedbyseeminglyinnocuoustermssuchas“cleaning”or“refining”,andaboutwhichwemay,undeniably,havecauseforconcern.Amidstongoingdebatesoverwhatdigitaltoolsactuallyrevealinhumanitiesresearchandhowtheyareredefiningtheacademy,thetranslationofthefindingaidfromatextuallisttoavisualtimeline,map