英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群

1.只發(fā)一個(gè)音的輔音字母字母、七讀巳單詞字母、七讀巳單詞bIblbakerrainAowwebP/p/pipepeopletopf/f/fightrifle wolfq/k/guicksquareIraqh/h/heightbehindr/r/ramcrimek/kJkitebookstoretookv/v/vestvivid wavemImlminetimer warm.w/w/waistoverweightn/n/nighttiny fun.z/z/zestzigzagquizyjyesyouth young\位置般讀曰規(guī)則在輔音字母前7—-2LZ1*一.在ao口前在eiy刖在詞尾在不發(fā)音字母前在iaioie、刖7—..在-ion目u.在-ure刖其他c/k//k//s//k//s////k/climbcomecutecitepicnicpiecesuspicionscured/d//d//d//d//d//d//d/dreamdateduckdividewinddecideCanadianendureg/g//g//d//g//d//d//g/grapegogategymleglargereligionfigures/s//s//z//s//s,z////，//，/slimsuccessseasonsitbusisAsiadiscussionvisionpressuremeasuret/t//t//t//t//t////,t//t/twisttametidywaitnotepotentialnotionquestionnaturex/ks//gs//gs//ks//ks//k//k/nextexampleexitwaxaxeconnexionanxiousl/?//l/（在任何元音前）/?n/l//l/milklakelettillmilerebellionfailure1.元音字母組合:字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、讀尚V單詞ea/i:/beatmeatteam/e/breaddead/ei/great/i/idea realtheateroo/u:/coolboottooth/u/cookfoodtook//bloodee/i:/meetteenheeloa/u/roadcoatgoat/:/broadie/i:/field/ai/die tielie/e/friendeu/ju:/feudalei/i:/receiveceiling/ai/eitherneither/e/leisureoi/i/voicetoiletou/u:/youth/au/countmountain//country//coughtough

eo/i:/people/e/leopardoe/u/toe poet/u:/shoeai/ei/aid aimwait/e/saidau/:/autumnauthor/a:/auntue/ju:/due/u/blueia/ai/dialogueua/u/usualio/ai/pioneeroy/i/boy toyloyalay/ei/day mayway/e/saysey/ei/theyhey/i:/Keyuy/ai/buyye/ai/dye bye注：在非重讀音節(jié)中字母組合讀音大多要改變， 通常會(huì)發(fā)短音/i/或//,如ea發(fā)/i/:forehead;ee發(fā)/i/:coffee;ai發(fā)/i/:portrait;ay發(fā)/i/:Sunday;ei發(fā)/i/:foreign;eo發(fā)//:surgeon;ey發(fā)/i/:money;io發(fā)/i/:patriot等元音字母+輔音字母組合：字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、+&讀曰單詞ar/a:/park//collaral/:/walktalk all/a:/palmir/:/girlfirst dirtyaw/:/lawpawnoor/:/floor door/u/poormoorur/:/turn//surpriseere/i/heremere/e/thereare/a:/are/e/caredareor/:/lord borderorderoul/u/couldwouldear/e/bear/i/hear（在輔音字母后/e//i/）/a:/heart/:/early （在輔音字母前/a:/:/）er/:/certainservice/a:/clerk//betterwritermannerore/:/beforemore scoreow/au/howbow crown/u/knowbow grow//knowledgeeer/i/deerbeerengineeror/:/work//doctoractorour/:/fourcoursecourt/u/tourgourd//colourhonour labour/:/journeyjournalcourteousaugh/:/caughtough/:/oughtoar/:/boardsoar//cupboardeir/e/heirtheir/i/weird輔音字母組合：.雙寫輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音， 女口：ff/f/coffee；.雙寫輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音或兩個(gè)音：cc/ks/accesssuccess.兩個(gè)輔音字母讀一個(gè)音：字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、七&讀曰單詞wr/r/wretchwrotewriteck/k/kick crackcheckbt/t/doubtdg/d/judge

字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、+&讀曰單詞wh/w/what/h/whowholeth//bath//motherng//stronglong/g/tanglelingersc/s/scienee//consciousch/t/changechief/k/stomachcharacter//machinechampagne/d/spinachdj/d/dj/d/adjectiveadjustts/ts/beatsbootsratsdr/dr/dressdrivedrawds/dz/bedshandstr/tr/trim traintreatPh/f/photophonegraphsh//shapeshepherdnk/k/thinkink thankkn/n/knowknitknightgh/f/toughlaughrh/r/rhythmrhymerh/r/rhythmrhyme4.兩個(gè)輔音字母讀兩個(gè)或以上的音:元音字母讀音規(guī)則音節(jié)兒曰字母、七M(jìn)讀巳例詞例外卜絕對開音節(jié)a/ei/A,later,e/i:/me,beshei(y)/ai/I,chinabymyo/u/no,so,godou/ju:/studentusual相對開日節(jié)a/ei/take,name,facehave,ate,etc.e/i:/Petei(y)/ai/tide,nice,line,typegiveliveo/u/wholehomerolecome,,loveproveu/ju://u:/use,musefusetuberule重讀閉日節(jié)a//am,can,addclasse/e/penyesbesthelpEnglandi(y)/i/itwithbigstillrhythmo//notlotonstopfollowamong,brother,nothing,wonderu//sun,us,mustbush,full,put,aL-ii日節(jié)5勺 、+&兒日子母 讀日例詞例外非重讀日節(jié)a //again,China,puma/i/managefortunate//contrast/ei/celebratee /i/receive,believe,excuse,expect,begin//cameranumeralsilent/e/contenti(y) /i/working,inform,city,lucky//holidayimpossible/ai/paradisesatisfyo //police,protest,obey,/u/pianou //success,succeed/ju/educateinstitute/u/Februaryinstrument

1.詞首或詞中的輔音群英語中輔音組合主要和/S,l,+/l/,+/w/,+/j/輔音群r,j/這幾個(gè)音位有關(guān)：a./s/+/p/,+/t/,+/k/,+/f/,+/m/,/sp/ spy speakspit spark/st/ staystill star/sk/skyskisteaskate/sf/ spherespheriG^olsphinx/sm/smallsmacksmithsportspinsterstudystudentskimschoolsmile1.詞首或詞中的輔音群英語中輔音組合主要和/S,l,+/l/,+/w/,+/j/輔音群r,j/這幾個(gè)音位有關(guān)：a./s/+/p/,+/t/,+/k/,+/f/,+/m/,/sp/ spy speakspit spark/st/ staystill star/sk/skyskisteaskate/sf/ spherespheriG^olsphinx/sm/smallsmacksmithsportspinsterstudystudentskimschoolsmilespearstorystandskip/sn/ sno/sl/wslum/sw/swag/sj/supersnakeslimswearsnatchsnapsneerslowsleepslicesweateswallowswanswesuperbrsupermansuperioretb.爆破音和摩擦音+/l//pl/ playplowpleas plot/kl/ climbclock eclass close/fl/ flyfleeflow flash/bl/ blue block blameblo/gl/ glas glide glove tgla/sl/sslip sloslimdwc.爆破音和摩擦音+/r//pr/praypressprimeprint/br/breadbreathebringbrother/kr/creamcruscroacrack/fr/Frenchhfree Kank from/r/threethreadthroughthrow/tr/trytreetrain/dr/drivedrydrum/gr/greengrowgreat/r/shrillshrinkshriektruckgrassd./p,b,k,m,f,h,v/+/j/purepupilbeautybureaucutecuremutemusicfewfusehugehumanview以上輔音組合，一般在發(fā)音時(shí)首先發(fā)第一個(gè)音位/pbkg/,輕而短促，在發(fā)第一個(gè)音時(shí)同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備發(fā)第二音位，要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，同步進(jìn)行，學(xué)生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是不能讓兩個(gè)音同步性發(fā)出，并在發(fā)音時(shí)對第一個(gè)音位的處理拖得較長。另外/s/組合中,后/輕而短促，第二個(gè)音位長而響，聲音有弱到強(qiáng)，有輕到響，由短到長。特別注意后/位于爆破音中的清輔音之前時(shí)/p/，/t/,何要從原來的送氣變?yōu)椴凰蜌饣蛏偎蜌?。俗稱“音的濁化”，嚴(yán)格的說，這里的清輔音不是變成了濁輔音，因?yàn)椴还?p，t，k/發(fā)的是送氣音還是送氣少的音，其音位沒有變，這兩種發(fā)音只是/p，t，k/的音位變體(是同一音位在不同位置和條件下發(fā)不同的音)。所謂音位變體(allophones)即屬于同一音位的不同讀音(speechsou門~)音位變體往往出現(xiàn)在語音的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài)中，英語/k/的送氣與不送氣的不同讀音就

出現(xiàn)在不同語音環(huán)境中的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài),如/kZ在“kite hai［K中讀［kh］,而在“sky”:ska中讀［k］。［kh］表示送氣，［k］表示不送氣，［kh］和［k］是音位/k，在不同語音環(huán)境的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài)中的不同讀音，因此［kh］和［k］就是/k/的音位變體。詞中的輔音組合除了少數(shù)與后/有關(guān)的輔音連綴讀音與在詞首不一樣外其他都一樣。例如display中/p，與speak中/p，發(fā)音時(shí)有些區(qū)別，前者送氣，后者送氣較少。讀下面單詞注意后/的發(fā)音：peachspeechteamsteamkeyskiportsportpairspareKateskatekillskilltonestone一般來說，在詞中的輔音群讀音與詞首輔音群讀音相同：dustcartguessworkdraftsmandoctrinehorsepowerprogresstransferunderstandparticularincline2.詞尾的輔音群常見的詞尾的輔音群大致可以分為三類：a.輔音+/s,z//t,d/ 詞形變化：英語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)或遇到第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的變化形式，一般情況下是加-s;動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的規(guī)則變化形式是在原形動(dòng)詞后面加-ed,例如：bagsdrinkslikedmoved,讀音分別U是bags/bgz/drinks/drinks/liked/laikt/moved/mu：vd/,這些詞形變化由于受到前面輔音/g,k,v/的影響而讀作相應(yīng)的清輔音/s,t/和濁輔音/z,d/。為了學(xué)生方便記憶，這些輔音連綴讀音我們可以全面地概括為11字的原則：“清則清，濁則濁，元音讀濁音”即前面如果以清輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s或ed則讀清輔音，前面是以濁輔音結(jié)尾,/lp//pl/ help lamp bump apple peopleripple/lb//bl/： elbow table cable noble后面加-s或ed則讀濁輔音，以元音結(jié)尾加-s或ed則讀濁輔音。missedwashehuggeddseizedcriedbooks roofsmissedwashehuggeddseizedcriedbooks roofsleaves provesbees讀音時(shí)直接就讀成和watched steppedharmeddesks lakesbeds birds/dz，依然滿足“清則清，gifts textsshields spends/d/played prayed-s/s/cats caps/z/dogs pigs/z/pays wayshosts

ends其中單詞以/t，d/結(jié)尾加-s濁則濁”這個(gè)原則。例如：hosts

ends/ts/tests rests beasts/dz/fields folds holdsb.爆破音、摩擦音+鼻音、邊音模糊舌邊音鼻音加上其他輔音特別是爆破音、摩擦音模糊舌邊音鼻音加上其他輔音特別是爆破音、摩擦音，學(xué)生在發(fā)音時(shí)有較大的困難,主要是音位的不到位和音位之間相互影響造成了音位的發(fā)音產(chǎn)生變化。學(xué)生必須多讀多練才能順利掌握。模糊舌邊音加上其他輔音，例如:/lt/belt/lt/beltfeltfault/ld/eoldholdfield/tk/:folkmilkunele/k//：shelfselfwolf/fv/twelvesolveresolve/vl/：elsewellswheels/s,/：,lm/：HealthwealtWelsh/gl/singlehtanglestrugglelittle kittletitlemiddl idle eandlewrinkee niekelriffle eareful beautifarrivalapprovalullevelmusele eastle whistlefilm whelmpuzzle drizzle發(fā)這些輔音連綴時(shí)注意模糊舌邊音發(fā)音，當(dāng)模糊舌邊音在其他輔音前時(shí)，舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌中部下陷，舌后部上抬，在沒有完全發(fā)出該音時(shí)迅速滑向后面的音，如果模糊音在其他輔音后面，則要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，同步進(jìn)行。鼻音/n/和